The Age from Melbourne, Victoria, Australia • Page 1

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TUESDAY. AUGUST 14. 1945 8 PAGES PRICE 2d. JAPAN DALLIES ON DECISION Established 1847 CRIMINAL TRIALS r1 3 wTaWt. 1 Jk 'M.

SKI STATE OF TENSION IN ALLIED CAPITALS LAST WORD ON POSITION OF THE EMPEROR OUR LEADERS IN NO MOOD FOR ARGUMENT LONDON August 13 (A.A.P.). THE JAPANESE GOVERNMENT HAS NOT YET REPLIED TO THE ALLIED DEMAND FOR SURRENDER ON THE BASIS THAT AK ALLIED COMMANDER SHALL RULE JAPAN THROUGH THE EMPEROR, WHO WILL BE SUBJECT TO HIS ORDERS. A state of tension exists in London, Washington and Moscow, where radio stations are hourly expecting the "big news" to break. Official circles in London state they have no knowledge of any time limit fixed for the Japanese surrender, and that the Allies will not allow the situation to drift. The diplomatic correspondent of the Press Association says Whitehall does not regard the delay in the Japanese reply as having sinister implications.

The correspondent goes on "Japan, by her acceptance of the Potsdam declaration, has admitted defeat. She is trying to save the face of the Emperor, and may even try to twist. The Allies are in no mood for argument with a beaten enemy" The Japanese News Agency and Tokio Radio to-day made the extraordinary announcement that the text of the Allied demand had been received only that day through the Swiss Legation. Reuter says this statement seems to indicate that the Japanese reply to the Allied terms may be delayed longer than expected, as it was generally assumed the Allied note was already in Tokio, as it was despatched nearly 48 hours ago. mwtiuflSmmmmmm Airmen of the First Tactical Air Force, R.A.A.F., in Borneo, celebrate and cheer tne first news of Japan's peace overtures, (Australian Official photograph.) TWO-WAY DRIVE Success of Russians MOSCOW.

Aug. 13 (A.A.P.). 1000 PLANES IN NEW ATTACK Allies Strike as Japan Delays Reply "The Age" Special Correspondent and A.A.P. GUAM, August 13. While waiting for the peace announcement, which has been hanging fire for three days, the war against shattered, confused Japan continues.

To-day over 1000 British and American carrier planes participated in attacks on arsenals and air fields on the Japanese main- land. no doubt in London that he "Allies hJVe said their last word on the Emperors position. The fact that the Japanese have not yet accepted the decision that the Emperor must act under the orders of a Supreme Commander is evidence of bitterness of the pill they must swallow. EMPEROR'S FUTURE "The Japanese Government knows that while it talks the huge air and sea forces surrounding them are ready to deliver devastating blows. Its alternative to surrender is destruction." to-day that low-nylng Japanese aircraft had succeeded in launching a torpedo, and hitting a major American warship In Buckner Bay, but gave no further details of the type or extent of the damage.

Search planes have continued their attacks, ranging through Tsushima Straits over the Yellow Sea, the China coast and Honshu. At Guam hardened observers and veterans of accurate and inaccurate predictions in the past-are reluctant this time to hazard an opinion. We have seen' too much of MIGHT OF mm iiv Unravelling Tangles "The Age" Special Correspondent NUREMBERG. August 13. Despite the published promises of an early start with the Nazi war criminal trials, officers on the spot do not anticipate a beginning before the middle of Octo-: er.

In addition to the mass of legal tangles still to be unravelled by lawyers of the four nations, the problem of providing accommodation In 80 per cent, of the destroyed city for 3000 people expected In connection with the trials Is certain to delay matters for several weeks. At present the only people who are assured of a roof over their heads are the accused, who have the entire undamaged wing of the town gaol reserved for their exclusive use when they arrive soon from Luxembourg. The first trial will probably involve about 20 Nazi leaders as Joint defendants charged with criminal conspiracy. If they are found guilty, the prosecution will ask the court to declare that a number of Nazi organisations were in fact criminal organisations. This would simplify almost to the point of formality the subsequent trials of thousands of members of these organisations.

Commerciol Page 4 Women's Section Page 4 Sporting Poge 5 Clossmed Advti. Pagai fi, 7, 8 Classified Advts. Index Page 3 U.N.H.R.A. LONDON. France uud panada, have been admitted lo Central Committee.

MEDAL PRESENTED WASHINGTON. Preside-ill Iruiuun presented the Secretary if Htttlc (Mr. Byrnes) with the Jbtuiffuisuod Service Medal at ceremony in "While House HIM ON A STICK you oom have to mi aw, MAD II I mt DOW tHANKS io com oh, mil. tno rout surntiHes too." 52 lit. Collin.

C.l iokio Kadio says renewed Allied naval activity off Japan, with other developments, indicate the possibility of an enemy invasion of the homeland in' the near future. Many American troops, adds the Radio, have been moved recently from the Philippines to Okinawa, and approximately 400 surface craft have been assembled in Okinawa waters. A' JAPANESE CONTROL Huge Task for Allies "The Age" Special Correspondent LONDON, August 13. The feeling is growing in Britain that the task of controlling Japan after the surrender is going to prove of much greater magnitude than hitherto expected. It has always been appreciated that the mopping up of the large Japanese garrisons in Far Eastern territories like Java, Sumatra, Borneo, Celebes, New Britain, New Ireland and Bougainville might oe a lengthy and trouble some business, but not until now has it been realised what the military occupation of must mean in terms of manpower treasure.

Japan Allied If General MacArthur becomes supreme commander of the forces of occupation, one of his first tasks will be to disband the Japanese home army and home guard, numbering perhaps 4,000,000 armed men, and receive and dispose of about 2.000,000 more Japanese soldiers who will arrive home in due course from the territories which Japan unlawfully seized. Similar problems in Germany were dealt with comparatively smoothly, because oi the discipline of the Wehrmacht and the German people's innate habit of obedience, both- of which continue to operate- even in utter defeat. There is. however, some doubt whether the Japanese war macnine win work to lis own destruction quite as smoothly and emcientiy. Land of Intrigue Military intrigue and revolt have always been part of the Japanese way of life, and every crisis in Japanese history has produced its crop of assassinations and mutinies.

If the Allied forces of occupa tion have to contend with distractions of this sort, they will have to exercise much more coercive control over the Japanese forces in tne process oi dissolution than was the case in Germany. In some quarters it is believed that the Allies will have to maintain at least 800.000 men In Japan in the early stages of occupation. They will be mostly Americans, but there will probably also be a contingent of Chinese and token British, Australian and Canadian forces. One thing that General Mac-Arthur will certainly have to do Is to order the suppression of the notorious Political Association of Japan the only political party now permitted in that country and the real Instrument of the militarists and the Youth Corps, which is modelled on the lines of the Hitler Youth Movement. The opinion has been expressed that the remnants of the Japanese fleet will be sold for scrap, "since the accommodation on board Japanese ships is much too cramped for Christian comfort." TANGIER.

TALKS Protest by Spain LONDON, Aug. 13 (A.A.P.). The Spanish Government has sent a Note to Britain, protesting against the Tangier talks In Paris occurring without the presence of a Spanish representative. Spain also protests against a State having no previous Interest in Tangier ocing a party to the discussions. It is presumed that this refers to Russia.

To-day's meeting of the Tangier Conference was cancelled owing to tne Illness of Mr. Charles Peake, leader of the British delegation. The British and French Governments are reported to be conferring concerning a reply to the Spanish Government's note The note will not make any difference to the course of the talks, which will go on as if the Spanish Government had kept silent. ARREST OF NAZI OFFICIALS LONDON, Aug. 13 (A.

A. Dr. Kurt Trauer. a former ner- sonal adviser to Hcrr Hess, and director of the Biological Hospital In Munich, Is reported by Hamburg Radio to have surrendered to Allied authorities. victor tseni, a member of Hitler's 8.8.

bodyguard, has been arrested In a mountain hnr. tha Austrian Alps, where ha had been attempting to obliterate his 8.8. identification Uttoo marks with acids, mmmdjagjmmmimi General Mallnovsky with two major forces is developing a double drive across the Manchurian plain. The first drive is making straight for Harbin down the railway, the other appears to be developing in tne general airec tion of roads leading to Muk den. Armored formations and cavalry are now pouring' across the mountains, pushing the Japanese back to the plain, where defence is much' more difficult.

Moscow military observers believe that now Marshal Mallnov sky has succeeded In bringing armor across the mountains he will rapidly cover the distance across the plain and carry the battle to the western gates of Harbin. Another Red Army force, following up landings on the Korean mainland, is pushing down the coastal highway. General Meretzko's forces advancing against Harbin from the east are menacing the big Junction of Ninan from the north and south. The airfield northeast of Ninan has been neutralised. RHEUMATISM HAD 'M riAHt, IHIUMAIISU.

tvtir trip i Hut is "UO 110, 010 MAN. HA0AH ACCIDM BRONCHITIS SORE THROAT Give your Sore a comforting slowly sipping poonful of SOBER AMERICANS On the whole the mood of the American people is on the sober side. CUREft Vy Slititf Throat JnMuttlll bath by a tea- fjcf'" HEARNE'S Opinion in London "The Age" Special Correspondent In London. Although there was at first a tendency to regard the terms of the Allied reply to Tokio's surrender offer as a distinct watering down of the Potsdam ultimatum and something far less than unconditional surrender, oninton in London now Is that the decision to use the Emperor for the Allies' own ends is a wise one and represents a sound appreciation of the logic of the situation. Feeling Is that the Allied statement deals flrmlv with Tokin's I "understanding" that the Em-I peror's prerogatives as a sovereign i ruler were to be in no wnv nrn- Judlced, and has disabused' the Japanese of any idea they may have entertained that the Allies would release the Emperor from the consequences of defeat.

While not asking for his abdi cation or dethronement, it Is considered that the Allied replv clearly requires the Emperor to acknowledge and bear his share of responsibility in ending a war which he sanctioned. Afterwards, as far as the Allies are concerned, the Emperor can remain on the throne as long as Japan's constitutional practice is reformed. The Emperor himself Is to be required to authorise and ensure signature by the Japanese Government and Imperial General Head Quarters of the surrender terms. This provision Is considered in London to have important "debunking" Implications. Undoubtedly it is a bitter prospect for the Japanese leaders.

The fact that the release of war prisoners and civilian Internees held by the Japanese Is placed In the forefront of Allied terms receives warm approval In London. The "Daily Telegraph" states nothing Is more urgent and comments: "In nothing has the level of civilisation reached by the Japanese been more plainly shown than In their handling of prepared to accept surrender terms as total as the Potsdam declaration Yet why this delay. Tills has led to conjecture that there is at present a struggle within Japan Itself tantamount to at least a Palace revolution and possibly actually civil war between the military group which represents the last kernel of the diehards and those who are prepared to pay the price of surrender. But If the atomic bomb has not broken the will of all Japanese to tight, then It Is thought that a temporary eas- The carrier planes turned back by fog and bad weather from Tokio attacked targets of opportunity in the Yokohama area, including docks, submarine pens, numerous freighters and luggers. Allied planes shot down six aircraft attempting sneak attacks on the fleet, which was prepared for a possible "banzai" aerial assault.

For their part the Japanese, inexplicably stressing in their home announcements news of Japanese counter-attacks and submarine attacks, ranging from war against the Australians in Borneo through the Oklnawan seafront to battles in Manchuria, have made no further references to surren der. However. In line with Admiral Nimitz's pledge to prosecute the war against tne Japanese umu specifically ordered otherwise, Admiral Halsey brought his Anglo-American fleet off Tokio, and launched attacks beginning at down to-day, Admiral Nlmltz announced also SITUATION IN CHINA Japanese Being Disarmed NEW YORK. Aug. 13 (A.A.P.).

A New York broadcasting station has picked up a Chungking broadcast, which quoted a Chinese High Command spokesman as having said on Sundoy that the Japanese in the Cheklang province had stopped fighting, that a liaison officer had been sent to the area to negotiate a surrender, and that Japanese troops were being disarmed there. Brussels Radio auoted Chung king despatches which stated that the communist mm Army group had launched a strong attack in cc-operation with the Russians. The Chungking Supreme National Defence Council has chosen General Lo Choylng, formerly commander of the Chinese forces In Burma, as Governor of Kwan tung province, Manchuria, which is held by the Japanese. Mayors have also been selected for Shanghai, Pelping and Tientsin. Kwantung province includes the warm-water ports of Dalren and fort Artnur.

A Chungking communique states that Chinese troops have recaptured Chunhslen. Other forces have advanced to within nv miles of Tungan. STALIN MAY VISIT BRITAIN "The Age" Special Correspondent LONDON. August 13. Generalissimo Stalin mav visit Britain before the end of the sum mer.

The "Sunday Chronicle says the Government has renewed Its Invitation originally made to him by Mr. Churchill, and It is felt in London that there are better prospects of an acceptance. It is stated that if Generalis simo Stalin Is able to come to Britain he will spend part of his visit at Buckingham Palace as the guest of the King. Mr. Attlee may make a return visit to Russia.

CRICKETER'S LOSS LONDON, Aug. 13 A.A.P.) The well-known West Indies cricketer Constantlne lost many of his treasured trophies when thieves robbed his locked car at Liverpool. Flannels, caps, blazers, shirts, badges and the Maharajah colors presented to him during an Indian tour, and I also private papers, were stolen. Japanese mcanderlngs along crazlly illogical pathways during this war. as in days of peace, to attempt or even guess what goes on within the minds of leaders at this stage ringing with confusion resulting from atomic bombs, the Russians' declaration of war, encirclement by the Third American and British Pacific fleets, and the vast air armada snowballing In the Marianas and Oklnawas.

Admiral Halsey's mighty Anglo-American task force is hovering off the Japanese coast jcady to resume the bombardment if the terms are rejected by Tokio. Also from Manila Over 400 of General MacAr-thur's bombers and fighters ranged over Japan on Saturday, destroying and damaging many freighters and naval vessels, and systematically reducing factories, warenouses, aocxs, onages ana communications. Primary target for heavies was Kurume, supply distribution cen tre in north-west Kyushu, which Liberators hit with incendiaries and demolition bombs, pin-point ing tne target areas, iturume manufactures 23 per cent, of Japan's tyres and tubes, and also has an arsenal, spinning mills and two military aerodromes, smoke rose 10,000 feet from resulting ex plosions. When Kurume was obscured by smoke other Liberators rained Incendiaries on Yamakaway, start ing fires throughout the area. Other Japanese cities hit were Yatsusnire, Nobeoka, and Sash Ikl.

Bombers Bnd fighters attacked rusan (Korea), Shanghai harbor Swatow dock area and the harbor at Hong Kong. Tokio Radio said that Japanese Marine forces during an attack to-day sank a large aircraft car rier on ukinawa. SOCIALISM AND COMMUNISM Opposition to Union PARIS, Aug. 13 (A.A.P.). Speaking at the French Socialist party conference Mr.

Morgan Phillips, general secretary of the British Labor party, stated that Britain would take the lead In fostering Socialism on the Continent, but British Socialists were, definitely against a union with the Communist party. uur victory in Britain Is only the beginning. Our real victory will be determined by our future This assertion was mode by Professor Laskl. chairman of the British Labor party. Professor Laskl "We have beaten Mr.

Churchill's party. our i warn, to state mat the French and British Socialists owe Mr. Churchill verv much. Our Labor victory was the result of 80 years' propaganda. We want a similarly big Socialist victory In France so that Britain and France will have the sama obiectlvea and same methods." Vast Pacific Fleet GUAM, Aug.

13 (A.A.P.). Admiral Sir Bruce Fraser, Commander In Chief of the British Pacific Fleet, disclosed that over 400 ships and 200,000 men comprise the British Pacific Fleet and supply train, the flagship ol which is the battleship Duke of York. The battleship Anson and large and light carriers are also Joining the fleet. The carriers Formidable, Illustrious, Indefatigable, Victorious and Indomitable, the battleship Oeorge the Fifth, cruisers Black Prince and Newfoundland, de stroyers Undine. Garfleur, Granville, Quickmatch and Troubrldge have already seen Pacific action.

Sir Bruce Fraser expressed the opinion that Sydney Is too remote to replace Singapore as the fleet base. EROSION AND FERTILITY U.S. Land Task "Th Age" Special Correspondent In Washington. More than 90 per cent, of America's 1,054,300.000 acres of farm lands need treatment against erosion and to maintain fertility. An expert report, which says this, recommends that more than 43,000,000 of the 417,561,000 acres under cultivation be retired to grass or trees, because they are too steep, eroded, wet, stony or otherwise unsuited to efficient production of crops.

A survey covering 1,831,291.000 acres listed only 78,000,000 as class 1 land. That was land nearly level and not subject to serious erosion. Conservation work, It Is estimated, will require 3,634.932 man-years of labor and 2,544,106 tons of seed. GIANT LINERS TO CEASE WAR DUTY LONDON, Aug. 13 (A.A.P.).

After four more runs across the Atlantic on military work, the liners Queen Mary and Queen Elizabeth will be returned to the Cunard Line for peace-time duty as luxury passenger ships. On the Queen Mary 60,000 meals were served dally when she was In full action as a troop carrier. i IlIGn HONOR FOR NIMITZ GUAM, Aug. 13 (A.A.P.). The Commander In Chief of the British Pacific Fleet (Admiral Sir Bruce Fraser) presented Admiral Nimlut with the Insignia Knight Grand Cross of the Bath.

The Nuremberg trials will probably cover about 100 defendants, and will last until the end of the year. This sober mood Is perhaps best summed up by one commentator who says: "The sense of victory is weighed with the gravity and extraordinary widespread sense of the problems war leaves behind. This conflict began without parades, was waged in every theatre by every soldier as a grim and distasteful business that had to be finished, and it ends on something like tne same note. There is sharp relief and profound satisfaction that those who raised the sword have perished thereby. The fact of victory seems to thrill the man in the street less than the defeat of the aggressors." Further proof of this serious strain can be found in an examination of the front pages of newspapers where in the midst of accounts of the momentous waiting are columns devoted to details of war production cutbacks totalling billions, with their resultant millions of at least temporarily unemployed.

Aslot from wondering what Japan's decision will be on the Allies' ultimate terms there Is speculation on two related subjects. First, what is holding up Japan's answer A nation which, despite a mammoth undefeated army and home lands not yet invaded, must be under terrible compulsion of mind when It Is DEFENCE OF PETAIN Trial Termed a Scandal LONDON, Aug. 13. (A.A.P.). Petaln'a counsel, M.

Payen, In deploring the prosecution's demand for the death penalty, declared: "Petaln will never ask for mercy." M. Payen referred to Petaln as the best of France'! sons, and argued that it was a scandal for France that he should be put on trial. His loyalty to the Republlo was uncontestable. He was a disinterested man, never seeking his own benefit. He had at his heart only the country's welfare.

Petaln appealed to the court against the floodlighting Installed by photographers, exclaiming, It's The Jurors have received an average of a dozen anonymous eacn' threatening them with death If Petaln Is condemned to death. The President of the Court and two assistant Judges have received similar letters. Mr mtHo vat um "A flW wctns OH. I wAHTSAum 1 mAmvntHAt 'utortmnui -JTl BROADCAST BY THE KING LONDON, Aug. 13 (A.A.P.).

It was officially announced that the King will broadcast on the evening of V-J day. There will be no alteration In the plans for the State opening of Parliament on Wednesday. London newspapers will be published throughout the V-J days holidays. Ing off of the terrible assault on Japan within the last 48 hours will have ended within the course of the next 24 If the Allies' final terms are not accepted, and Japan will be treated to an attack that will carry complete conviction. The second question is: "What plans are already formulated for the demilitarisation of Japan, Its occupation, Its future economy and place In the world, and Us demoralisation Even it Japan accepts the Allied Governments' Interpretation of Hirohlto's role It Is not yet certain that the great bulk of the American people are prepared to accept It-there is a strong body of public opinion that Is against the retention of Hlrohlto on any terms, that wants him treated as a war criminal, and that even wants the monarchy wiped out In Japan.

The Allied Interpretation of the role of Hlrohlto Indicates clearly that the Allied Oovernmenta, certainly those of the British Empire and United States, are not yet ready to decide on Hirohlto's ultimate fate or the fate of the monarchy. This Is one of the many perplexing problems which the Allies will face when Japan lays down arms, and one which Is bound up with the whole chain of problems of reclaiming the Far East and Integrating It In world restoration. The end of the war will be marked officially either hy a Presidential proclamation or the adoption of a resolution by Congress. v. him Viioi No.

2 bringi quick relief and lengthy immunisation from all Jikjim of bacterial origin became it treats the cauje. Simply taken a few dropi in water each day. Vaxoi it rapidly absorbed into rhl bloodstream, neutralising bacterial toxins causing not only Rheumatism tun Neuritis, Sciatica. Lumbago. Myositis.

Fibroiitis and Spondylitis. Paina and swellings quickly diminish. Muscular elasticity returns. Vaios is sale even for children and elrierlv n.onl. Ak your Chemist foe VAXOS.

Large sire (several weeks' treatment for Chronic eases), 21- hot. Medium sire (for milder cases), 126 bottle. VACCINI HODUCTt (AU5T), As the first of Japan's offer to surrender spread, Piccadilly Circus was Jammed with people. Here a Canadian airman, with a Mend from Greece, waves a late-edltlon newspaper from the top of a trafflo Indicator W.I. B.

Photograph by Beam.) V-.