The Age from Melbourne, Victoria, Australia • Page 2

THE AGE. TUESDAY. FEBRUARY 1. 1044. ABOUT PEOPLE WAR IN THE MELBOURNE, FEB.

1. LETTERS To The Editor TO-DAY'S ISSUE 6 PAGES. NEWS OF THE DAY' WAR CRIMES BY JAPAN MENACE OF THE FIRES CONTROLS AND CONTROLLERS STRATEGY OF JAPAN Hope for War of Attrition THE HOLIDAY The Governor-General (Lord Gowrle) arrived In Canberra from Sydney yesterday. Mrs. H.

F. Creswick, Mrs. M. Muscio, Miss A. Cryan, Miss Noreen Dangar, Miss Kathleen Gepo and Mr.

Stanley Addison Commonwealth BALTIC Finland Now Menaced The Age" Special Correspondent Those residents of Melbourne and suburbs fortunate enough to MORE MANPOWER FOR MEAT No matter what opinion the public and trade may have re- Inquiry Hi: APERS and speeches at I approved controls with skill Th have left Government Mouse, be able to observe the Australia I day holidafy yesterday spent It In A Question for the People "The Aire" Special Representative The criticism by a correspondent Out," Lismore) in yesterday's issue of the publicity given to the recent tour of Labor members of Parliament throuah the meeting of the Aus- and Insight nt vvrAmai Affairs (Dr. canoeiTa trallan Institute of Political Here, rather than in the as-! a widely diversified manner, con private i gardlng the meat rationing sys- Roosevelt's cvirt i announced to-day that the I President sumed intractability of fall- diilons made the call of the Commonwealth Government had birthday party at White House tem, will be unanimous that aouointed a special commission i on Sunday was attended oy tne manpower problem calls for LONDON. January 31. Referring to the repvted move- The Are" Special Correspondent LONDON, January 31. Japan's leaders still believe they of inquiry, under Sir William prominent or ni i Immediate attention.

Prior to ra. ur.hK nviiof of Queens- whose behalf Lady Harawicne, acious arguments, may be the Beaches very insistent, and it was real rock to which Professor not surprising that so many Copland referred. How much Pele responded to the call. Rail of.tloning the trade had been it- land to investigate Japanese war i representing tne commute irirne, aaSlnst Australians in the artists of British origin, pre- uded of manpower. Employers the committee I traffic to Bayside stations was as can stave off defeat, and are working for one main object to maintain neutrality with Russia.

freedom we may have to South-West Pacific area. sented Mr. "0seveii wnii nad reorganised their business, follows: Frankston line, 35.000; ij were cheque for 240,000 dol. neglected many of the lesser es forgo when the cause of free-1 Sandrlnehami Altona. These are the conclusions of a menu of the Russian neet at Kronstadt and their implications on the Batlic States, Commander Oeberg, one of the highest European naval authorities, speaking at Stockholm, said: "Sweden must now face the possibility of a new war In the Baltic.

The Germans have only two 10.000-ton pocket battleships, two heavy cruisers, four light cruisers and sentials and were working very writer in the "Economist," who ii rtiTiaiK together i amount was raised Dy ine dihiw wS? d.rec- uum nas ueen viuuiuuieu must be determined by the processes of open discussion. A society says It seems likely mac tne Japanese envisage a long war or of independent-minded people would have to be convinced of attrition, in tne course oi wnicn the Hrltlsh and Americans, de the need and wisdom of a a small destroyer neet to oppose the Russian fleet. Once the Baltic war begins communications between Finland and Germany terred by their enormous losses and the passage of time, will Anally agree to a compromise peace. The military basis of this stra-tav would be the "imoreimable" controlled economy when the Jobs of peace are to be under Williamstown, 7000. There was not nearly such a great rush to tne hill resorts, about 3500 tickets being Issued for Pern Tree Gully, and considerably less on the Eltham-Hurstbridge line.

Large crowds spent the day In the Botanical and Fltzroy gardens. Alexandra-avenue was well patronised. Other attractions included swimming carnivals at Bayside resorts and at suburban baths, and cricket lovers were catered for with a Services game at Fitzroy and with junior matches. The theatres, as usual, did good business. Supreme Court Bench long hours.

Employes were called upon for greater effort and mor overtime hours to overcome the shortage. We have had two weeks of rationing. During that time I hava been training staff in a simplified form of calculating the coupon chart, instructing other members of the trade In the same method, educating the public and adapting the shops for quick service. The experience of these two weeks tells me that unless immediate action is taken to provide mora manpower for the retail trade, the system will break down through sheer exhaustion of those who have to carry It into effect. The public has resoonded taken.

Some mushroom departments of war time are position of Japan in occupied China or at least North China will be cut. This win oe more complete if the Russians seize the Aaland Islands, at the entrance to the Gulf of Bothnia." Correspondents emphasise the freakishness of the weather along Crimes commission iui icwm, iw yi we au and punishment. Research Institute, will leave for The Australian representative England in March to take over on the body was Lord Atkin. an the position of director of the Australian by birth, and for long I Wellcome Laboratories, one of the recognised as one of the most dls- most important posts in the tingulshed Judges in the Empire, scientific world. Dr.

Kellaway, -nnmincement fol- who will continue his research low, nW catlOT STth? United activities, is a graduate of and Kingdom of bourne University. For a period instances of gross war crimes he was acting professor of ana-committed by Japan against Al- tomy in Adelaide He is a fellow Hed prisoners of war and civilian of the Royal Society of London. n.ernVe? He said the supreme He has been a member of, the concern of the Commonwealth Melbourne Rotary Club for eleven Government was not only to years. secure proper treatment from the Rev. B.

O'Hea, of the Vin-Jaoanese In accordance with in- centian Order, has left Malvern the fire-swept areas is somewhat surprising in all the circumstances. The only member of the visiting Parliamentary party whose constituency had not been affected by the nres was Mr. Cain, the Leader of the Stale Parliamentary Labor party, which represents a large body of public opinion. As a result of the tour, Mr. Cain will be much better equipped to discuss Are prevention and kindred matters when these questions come before Parliament, as they assuredly will.

In some respects It is a pity that many thousands more city residents have not been able to survey the scenes of desolation caused by the fires and to hear at first hand from experienced men on the spot proposals for fire firevention. The problem of deal-ng with the awful fire menace Is not a party political one; it is one for the people as a whole, for country and citv residents alike. The fires certainly did not discriminate between Labor and non-Labor supporters, and party divisions were soon forgotten by those who made such valiant efforts to save life and property. Paltry party prejudices and coun-try-versus-town issues should not be allowed to weaken the determination of the people that holo- scarcely a strong recommen and Manchuria. There Is evi ripnee to suffapst that the JaDan ese are prepared to abandon their the Russian front, and point out more scattered conquests, in Knite of their rjossession of a that tne coming spring sno.ua oe one of the wettest that the Ger mans havA pver exDerlenced.

On plethora ot oil supplies in the Netherlands East Indies, the tne nortnern sectors tney win probably find themselves with Jananese are still oroduclna syn Science serve a valuable educative purpose. Problems presenting grounds of controversy have been handled temperately and persuasively. These annual gatherings have developed into a forum, directing the thoughts of more and more Australians of mature minds to complex Issues that lie about the roots of sound living In a well-ordered and well-governed society. Subjects covering such a wide range of internal and external moment present scope for differing viewpoints. Highly placed administrators who advocate after-war controls for many purposes open up Issues of the greatest importance to every citizen.

From their nature, the far-reaching long-term proposals affecting post-war policies in the international sphere made by Mr. Menzies were bound to evoke the most lively debate. What matters is that serious study be given to these momentous questions, active discussion on which is part of the process of preparing Australia to take a worthy part In the world of to-morrow. Many leaders of thought In other countries will exert their Influence when the time comes to shape relations with defeated enemies in Europe and Asia. Both Professor Copland and Dr.

H. C. Coombs appear to be firmly persuaded that the social order of the future lernauonai cuihchuwo w. buuwiijwi thetic oil in Manchuria. The China, Manchuria and Japan triangle will be defended to the their backs to the Baltic Sea and Lake Peipus, while on the southern part of the White Russian dation for after-the-war control.

There is nothing more exasperating than the boorish attitude of sections of the newer public service, in its dealings with the ordinary citizen. The fault will have to be removed If any or all of the projected controls are to be successfully worked in the transition time. The tasks demand not only special train Datlentlv and unselfishly, but Rev. Brother F. Turpln has been aDnointed superior of the i notwithstanding every effort of last.

front they will be surrounded by Further consideration of the appointment of a new Chief Justice to take the place of Sir Frederick Mann will be given when State Cabinet meets today, Before this question is decided the Government will consider whether an additional appointment should be made to the Supreme Court bench, or whether some of the work should be trans- Christian Brothers' College, North traders, cannot get supplies thrnuofh shortage of staff. Melbourne. tne pripet nooaea marsnes, which are at present half frozen. The Moscow correspondent of ORIENTAL "FACE' A flaw in this strategy Is the equivocal position of Russia. The writer points out that since one sinking two years ago, there has been no Interference in war supplies from America across the Pacific to Russia, even though shins, naju throimh the Tsugaru the "Dailv Teleirranh'' writes: the treatment of Internees ana prisoners of war In their lands, But also to obtain an amelioration in existing conditions and to allay the natural anxiety of the relatives of the captives.

Listing grievances against the Japanese, Dr. Evatt said tnat they had. In vital respects, defaulted In carrying out their obligations under the Prisoners or War Convention and the Geneva Red Cross Convention. "For example, "the representa "There are real prospects that by terrea to tne county Court. There ex' ing and competence in all! tne miaoie oi me SDrinu uie are some Ministers who consider -T," chusls sucn as mat recently Germans will be swept to the office-holders, but an appro- that there is not sufficient legal SrSilli.

inwS: An Elusive Quality TO THE EDITOR OP THE AOK. Sir, Nothing is more essential to the development of friendly. Black Sea. They are still sending reinforcements to the Crimea. ciatlon throughout the whole ri.iJ.mJ."tottoreeUaxuMem' When the shops closed on Saturday, after battling with meat and mathematics for four hours, a number of the staff were almost in a state of collapse.

As an employer I would not expect them to repeat the performance of the last two weeks. ROBT. YOUNQ (Malvern and Brunswick i. Rationing Approved I thank the Government for meat rationing. Prior to rationing I considered myself lucky to get lb.

of rump steak a week. Now I can get as much as I want Of the PSt.ahHshmonto nf tk. In nrnvlHn fni- thp tarinn nf mcm of the establishments of the to orovide for the takine of cases it is tne auty or an parties to mostly by air, but the majority do not reach there. The weather is hampering them severely. In 11 eveV! social and economic commerce nf the International iteu proper relation that ought to 'a'lJS devote the closest attention to Straits, between the two Islands of Japan.

The pick of the Japanese army Is being kept in Manchuria. For the rest the Japanese rely upon Russia's war weariness and on the chance of the Russian leaders being less Inclined to allow the brunt of the Far Eastern by County Court judges. Cabi- cross committee and of the Swiss i between the people of Australia Asia subsist between an official and i net will also consTder bush-Are To do ir rSarti i to mln j.i; Government, as the protecting and the greater races of before the offensive thousands of OAmor are still refused the right than our acouisition of proper me puonc. rresent complaints grccul'ns- improvea aces nice floods or typhoid. fire-fiahtinK efficiency, comoul to Inspect camps and conditions understanding of the true mean-In Indo-China.

Slam, Malaya and i ing of the English word "lace' fighting to fall on the Americans and British. Tf British and American forces in its Oriental application. The of any cut and still have more There must be prevention plans as well as restoration schemes. The danger of fresh devastating outbreaks is by no means past, even in the present summer. As the State Governor, Sir Winston Dugan.

who (like others who visited the devastated areas) was greatly distressed at I. liij- I' i I 1 Mi Ml coupons tnan i ueea ior mysen and toddler. The ordinary susar ration is six times our wants, tea ten times and butter just a little succeed in getting within striking distance of the Japanese triangle it is probable that the Japanese Government will at term is not tne equivalent oi "prestige." It is the final result of a series of crude but sincere attempts on the part of English scholars, resident in China some centuries ago, to define an clement in the spiritual attitude and social behavior of Orientals which has no exact counterpart in the Occident where a number of Australian prisoners of war Is confined. Inadequate Supplies "Japan has also failed to facilitate the regular despatch of relief supplies and parcels to Allied prisoners of war. The Commonwealth Government has information that the scale of food rations, nH moHir-n! sunnltes are In suggest; tne need of radical improvements in education and selection of those functionaries whose duties involve direct dealings with the public, too many of whom leave the impression that good manners are among the nonessentials to be scrapped In the new era.

To inculcate obligations of civility and helpfulness is part of the Job if we are to have controls for this. troops were nearly cut off from their units by the breaking up of the ice In the Gulf of Finland. "Many tried to hop from floe to floe, but they had to turn back and await air transport and special seacraft. The Germans knew there was something In the wind on the Leningrad front, but it must have been a complete surprise to them that the Russians could organise a general break through in such weather. Had there been such a winter during the blockade of Leningrad in 1941-42, the ice road across Lake Ladoga might have been impassable and the plight of Leningrad might have become its agony.

tempt to use the bogey of Bolshevism, pointing out the underground links between Japanese vmnnn Mnnehurinn and Chin sory insurance and restrictions on gas-producer units. Law Vacation Ends The Christmas and New Yenr vacation of the Law Courts ended yesterday, and a resumption, with a lengthy list of suits in various jurisdictions, will be made today. Divorce petitions will be heard by Mr. Justice Macfarlan, senior puisne Judge, and Mr. Justice Lowe next month.

Today, at 10.30 a.m., the Court of Criminal Appeal will consider the Crown paper, and Mr. Justice Martin will preside in the Practice Court. General Sessions will open before Judge Book at 10.30, and Judge Macindoe will hear County Court business. must differ markedly from that which existed before this conflict, especially In the way ese Communism, and urging that the emergence of the people of tviace nnimtrlps would result in the magnitude of the tragedy, stated: "The memory of this State catastrophe must not be allowed to fade out quicklv. and the lessons it conveys should be used to the best possible advan-take." At Lismore itself, and at several other centres, the Parliamentary party was warmly commended for undertaking the trip the exclusion of British and American interests.

Obviously an of controls for specific purposes. Although some reserva tions should be made, it is be appeal of this sort might tempt the timid in the United States. too much. The object of this eulogy Is to get more rationing. There are many goods of which we are unable to get sufficient, and since the object lesson of meat rationing I am wondering whether the people who were formerly getting our meat are still getting more than their fair share of other things.

Particularly would I ask for the children a fair deal bv rationing such things as prunes, eggs, oranges, tripe and F. L. ANGUS (Lillydale). Mr. Menzies' Policy The adverse criticisms from political quarters of the paper read by Mr.

Menzies on Saturday to the summer school of the Australian Institute of Political Because the Chinese are an extremely courteous people they did not denounce the chosen definition, although it did not portray the truth. Thus the term "face" passed Into universal use, plus the quaint European belief that it belongs to the category of Eurasian slang. Inasmuch, however, as "face" has been adopted by the East as the official Occidental label of a segment of Asian psychology. It is demanded coming more widely recognised -rntdefeat that and the other. Whatever be done, the citizen Is entitled to have his rights respected, rather than made to feel that he is a nuisance, or suspected of being a knave.

of Japan. FOREIGN POLICY OF SPAIN Ministry of Health most camps quite inadequate arid far below European standards. The failure of the Japanese Government to provide for a regular flow of Red Cross comforts and supplies is a very serious matter the other hand," said Dr. Evatt, "recent information regarding camps In areas such as Japan proper, Korea and China, which the Red Cross and Swiss representatives are allowed to Inspect, indicates that camp conditions are Improving. "Another grave charge against the Japanese is their failure to supply lists of names of prisoners of war and internees, which they hound to do under their It is not exoected that State BOMBER CAPTAIN MISSING party, local councillors hastily arranging conferences with the visitors.

Their support was specially sought in the matter of obtaining certain urgent information and requirements. As a result some of these requirements have Cabinet will be able to conclude matters for some time regarding Relations With Axis SHIP BUILDING IN VICTORIA tne setting up oi a Ministry ot Health. Legislation for this pur- "The Age" Special Correspondent Fifteen Raids Over Germany Eose was passed last session to ring all affairs concerning public health under one deDartment. Science Is disappointing. A senior LONDON, January 31.

Following an announcement bj Rome Radio that Spain had decided to fortify her coasts to safe oi Asia nearest European neighbors to learu and know the truth. What every Asian now calls "face" Is that compound of self-love and self-respect In him which depends for its existence on the homage due to him from all other people by reason of their dutiful presumption that he possesses such merit as ought to belong to an honorable citizen. The preservation of "face" does not require that homage be ueen promptly met. At Lismore, by the way, Mr. Cain, instead of trying to make any "political capital," commended the U.A.P.

representative for the district, Mr. Cummlng (who was not present) for the warnings, unfortunately unheeded, he had uttered in Parliament about a Flight-Lieutenant Leo Braham Patkin. who was recently re Methods Criticised Shin reDair workers a vet hnon When the bill was before Parliament there was some argument over the decision of the Govern nViitirntinns. There unusually active In Melbourne during the nast throe are still many Australians believed to be prisoners of war in Malaya and the Netherlands East ment that the head of the department should be a layman and not a medical practitioner. The secretary of the Melbourne There is speculation in State ported missing in night operations, was captain of a Lancaster bomber which failed to return to Its base after a raid on Berlin.

The only son of Mr. and Mrs. Maurice Patkin, of 19 Oueen's-road, Melbourne, he was born in Melbourne and educated at Melbourne Grammar School and inaies nuu cv counted for. The Japanese have uciuauy paia. ii merely demands that one's title to receive It be not yet supplied the names of our -oinrnin anA micclnnnrips Who neither prejudiced nor disputed.

year ago in regard to possible outbreaks of Are and probable causes. As to the question of publicity generally, it is an interesting fact that at a public meeting at Hamilton, called by the mayor, to discuss relief measures, a motion guard neutrality and to conscript women the Spanish Foreign Minister (Senor Jordanal In an interview with the newspaper "Arriba" protested against "distortions of Spanish policy abroad." "According to the German Radio," he said, "things are being invented and our policv distorted. An atmosphere is being created inside and outside Spain completely strange to our country and aimed at forcing Spain away from nominal nnlipv t.hnr. Khp yniucn or tne Boiler Makers' Union (Mr. R.

O'Halloran) reported that If the demand for landing barges ceased there would be a considerable reduction in employment unless ship-building programmes were speeded up. Contracts for the construction of landing barges had been let to Melbourne University. He was an an- member oi Mr. menzies party is quoted as saying that the statement that a prosperous Germany and a prosperous Japan will be necessary if we are to have a peaceful post-war world was badly timed. It Is unfortunate that the delivery of Mr.

Menzies' paper practically coincided with the official announcements of the barbarous treatment of our prisoners by the Japanese. It cannot be expected that their families here will feel able calmly to consider peaceful relations with Japan while they are still distressed by those disclosures. Nevertheless, relations will be necessary. "Carthage must be destroyed" was a policy capable of practical enforcement in the case of a nation of a few hundred thousand. It is an impossibility in the case of nations of 70 and 80 million.

If you cannot destroy them vou must have relations with them after the war. Mr. The least forgivable sin in Asia is to treat a man in such a way as to cause him to lose "face," that is, to diminish the respect which should be accorded nlm by other people. Every cultured Asian who loses face prematurely tastes the bitterness of death. As his self- UJiiiims o.iu were captured in New Guinea.

There are over 500 altogether In this category." Dr. Evatt added: "This record of breach of international obligations solemnly entered into by Japan in the years of peace demonstrated Japan's complete lack of civilised practice, and stood as an indictment, especially against ij iMk I and later 1'-' was well that our democratic society must be adapted to new concepts and to changes from the free enterprise system as we knew It in the past. We should have to seal our minds against strong arguments and trends of modern thought to imagine that when the guns cease we shall reVert to the situation of pre-1939 times. Shortages getting worse with each year of war will decree continued controls of basic materials and foodstuffs for an indefinite time after the fighting ends. These in turn postulate prices control as a protection to consumers, an antidote to exploitation, and a brake on inflation.

In respect to some commodities, a strong case could be made for permanent prices control in the interests of fair dealing. For a term of years, till pressing urgent needs such as housing are being met, some regulation of capital Issues would seem desirable to ensure priority in allocating materials and manpower. All these purposes connote the existence of a public service not only enormously expanded, but exercising powers over lives, movements, designs and transactions in ways not conceived a decade ago. Resistances are inevitable among a people to whom "freedom Is their life blood," and whose achievements are largely the fruits of individual as would side with one belligerent gi- known circles as to who the lay head should be. Mr.

C. L. McVllly, chief Inspector of charities, has been mentioned, as well as Mr. T. Forristal.

accountant to the Treasury, who has shown outstanding executive ability. Small Loans by Banks First introduced in Melbourne in 1938 by the Bank of Australasia, a department to grant small loans from 3 to 100, for periods of 12 months, has since meen successfully conducted, few losses having been made. The Bank of New South Wales opened a similar department in Sydney some months ago, and is now to extend the service to Melbourne, where applications from Victorian horrnwers will be dealt with. Bor respect and self-love absolutely ur uuuuier. oucn a decision must be made by ourselves." Senor Jordana said Spain was prepared to fulfil her obligations as a neutral State, but she like imiis wim snops oadiy equipped for that class of work, whilst firms whose shops were replete with all the necessary machinery and staffs for such work had not even been asked to undertake the work.

Mr. O'Halloran said the system of giving out work haphazardly had given rise to a vast amount of sub-contracting, which had Increased the cost enormously. If the experience of practical tradesmen was snuehr. mnw fro. IMI Rnding 1 'V I player in rys the Yarra tt rr "mm" ciU3.

rt3 msp -Be fore was passed congratulating "The Age on the comprehensive and accurate nature of its reports of the fires and their dreadful aftermath. Fire-Checking Methods Many people outside, as well as Inside, the flrestrlcken areas of the State are exercised in their minds as to the best method of checking such terrible fires as those which recently wrought so much destruction. A number of those who have had experience of the recent or earlier fires strongly contend that the only satisfactory method of keeping fires in check Is the use of good ucpcuu un trie respectiui attitude of others toward him he is bankrupted of all that makes life precious. Under the Samurai code of old Japan it was the duty of every gentleman on losing "face" wise was determined to gain respect for her rights as a neutral State, and by all means would to commit suicide. The nobles of Imperial China either killed themselves or voluntarily retired Menzies' paper was solely concerned with post-war international relations.

the whole Japanese raiuiaiy u-ministration, and warranted the condemnation of the civilised The Australian people associate themselves fully with the execration of crimes and barbarities Inflicted by local Japanese authorities against indlvduals. Australia will continue to stress by every conceivable channel, official or unofficial, that even at this last hour the Japanese Government should insist on the performance by its army personnel of the duties imposed not onlv by ordinary humanity, but frustrate the intentions of certain foreigners who were a danger to order and the Dolicv of Snain. rowers must be of good character No doubt if Mr. Menzies could quently by Government departments to control the allocation of metal trades contracts many Spain was resolved to take steps against this "malevolent propaganda" made in an irresponsible ana nave tne uumty iu yny uy monthly instalments over a year. into lifelong seclusion.

But "face" means so much to Asia that every decent Oriental of any race Is required by the moral law to be as interested in Dreservlncr have chosen the time, he would rather not have read his paper now, but it is plain from the previous advertisements of the paper Charges for interest and expenses meuieuKs. a couniry resiaent, Mr. T. Maidment, of Moyston, maimer oy tne enemies ot Spain. The "Yorkshire Post's" dlDlo.

FtLieut. L. B. PATKIN. was a de- partmen tal manager at the Myer Emporium.

He received his initial training in Victoria and his elementary flvine training in Tas ot tne aouses mat had crept in would be avoided. The first 10.000-ton mercantile the "face" of his neighbors as his I that it was arranged some weeks who communicated with the Bush Fire Relief Committee on the matter. Dolnted out that. matic correspondent comments: "Senor Jordana's sDeech will do aeo. Since he had to speak on own; and In China a man is considered a low person If he shows vessel, Mr.

O'Halloran added, was expected to be launched at a Vic tne suoject. it is commenaaDie mania, receiving his flying badge IS a per aeuuctru at ic time of making the loan. The loans are to tide borrowers over temporary personal difficulties in meeting essential expenditure. Recently a bill was introduced in the New South Wales State Parliament to provide for a small loans department in the Rural that he had the couraee to de liver the paper he had prepared. torian aocayara sometime in February.

New building construction would proceed on vessels of a In septemDer, imi. nnuruy afterwards he Droceeded to the by Inescapable International obu-gatlons." Protest Not Sufficient The Prime Minister (Mr. Cur-tin commenting on the revelation; nuhlLshed in America, said wuungness to destroy tne "lace" of an enemy. A thousand proverbs deal with the subject. The common denominator of all Is that "face" Is the fount of lesser tonnage, and it was anticipated that the new type of ves United Kingdom, and was attached to a Wellington bomber squadron.

He subsequently became a glider pilot, and for 15 uotn tne women u.A.r. members and the gleeful Labor quarters mentioned in the report underestimate the effect of sane leadership and farsightedness on the great mass of silent "centre" voters. To lose 1000 foolish votes and irain 5000 is not bad Dolicv. months was a glider instructor. sels would be turned out much more expeditiously and would be more serviceable for warfare than those of a higher tonnage.

honor and happiness, and that to lose "face" is to lose all that is valuable in life. Herein is the reason why in old China no official offending his superiors was ever dismissed from TiOce unless a criminal, but, on the contrary, nothing to improve the deteriorating relationship between Spain and the Allies, but it will direct increasing attention to Spanish propagandists who apparently are helping Dr. Goebbeis' policy of trying to sow discord between the Allies. The Madrid press and radio are both extensively subsidised by Germany, and their fulminations are less Important than the Spanish Government's continued failure to Implement Its promises to take action regarding serious acts of unneu-trallty. Britain will not be content to permit the situation to drift.

If diplomatic protests are unavailing, economic measures will have to be considered." even of the narrowest political initiative, energy and enter Transferring to a Lancaster squadron, he became captain ot aircraft, and took part in 15 raids over Germany, Including five over Berlin. Flight-Lieutenant Patkin married Miss Claire Bank of New South Wales. When the War Ends The fact that the R.A.A.F. and W.A.A.A.F. are talcing a census of their members for post-war reconstruction purposes is not to be taken as a sign that the end of the war is near; it is merely that the heads of these forces know that the war must end some day, and they wish to know what Is In the minds of the per the facts were so horrifying that they surelv spoke for themselves, and revealed to everybody the nature of the.

enemy that we had been resisting for more than two years. To relieve the prisoners of war in Japanese hands, who Included not only members of the fighting forces, but also civilians, of our own race and peaceful citizens of other races, called for the earliest termination of the Kind. uiTiZriN (west rresion). Access to Facts while a firebreak would not stop a Are such as that recently experienced, it would certainly give Are fighters a point to work from. Despite some criticism of.

the method adopted, the railways burn the sides of their tracks with good results, and the suggestion Is made that the Country Roads Board should be called upon to burn the grass on the sides of the main highways when feasible, RED CROSS IN BRITAIN "The Age" Special Correspondent LONDON. January 31. Two shy women, whose efforts have resulted in setting up records for Red Cross collections, were congratulated by the Duke of Gloucester yesterday after the annual meeting of the society. prise. Trends condoned under the irresistible pressures of a war of survival may carry Benjamin, and is the fatner oi two small sons.

Tn "The Arp." of SI away some theorists, but if "Realist" writes that "people are becoming very tired of 'Rus- war. Union to Appeal It is expected there will be a sharp development in the fight between the rebel unions in the A.L.P. and central executive over the action of the executive in declaring that the Australian Railways Union is automatically disaffiliated because it allowed its secretary to speak against endorsed Labor candidates at the last Federal and State elections. The A.R.U disputes this point, claiming that the secretary had no authority to SDeak on any sia-is-aiways rignt propaganda." and also "that not a A FREE LANCE OF THE SEA sonnel under their command as to their future in the civilian lite nf tvipir pnnntrv. Members of the Mr.

Curtln added tnat resolutions of Drotest and exDressions critical word n.av be uttered In was promoted to a higher post in a distant or imaginary province and paid a higher salary in order to save his "face." The laws of "face" spring from purely spiritual sources, and they reflect every aspect of the seven ancient virtues of China, which were continuously inculcated (before the Revolution and the present war) in every Chinese child for upwards of 3000 years. Particularly they stem from the "Sense of Shame," which Marshal Chiang Kai-shek recently elevated above all the other virtues of his country when he inaugurated the New Life Move of horror were insufficient. What two forces are being asked to connection with Russia." Might I nolnt out that is onlv since say, in answers to questions on a printed form, what they are qualified to do when they nm Hir-harpprl from the ser Escapade Recalled was needed was maximum devotion to the early termination of the war victoriously. The best viewpoint Australia could have in this matter was to work all out for victory. one was Mrs.

victoria Saunders, "The Age" Special Correspondent wife of a postman in a small we are to maintain the basic principles of a free self-governing democracy, the process of change should be gradual, each step being taken only when seen to be justified, not alone by the arguments of its sponsors, but also by the lessons of experience. Our first essential Is a well-trained administrative corps, equipped by knowledge as apart from theory, to serve public needs and to carry out the people ha've hd access to the facts about Russia and her successful socialistic experiment that they have developed a full appreciation of her progress. Russian literature was not allowed to reach the people till recent years. Moving pictures featuring the great changes In Russia were barred or boycotted. Anv LONDON, January 31.

"nnrl" Oshnrne. who was skiD- it must De- clear tnat tne pro town in Bedfordshire, which holds tecting Power in this matter was record for house-to-house col ner of the Grimsby trawler Girl not able to accomplish much. Only ment, which has already done so much to fortify China in her lections to the "penny a wees fund." The other was Mrs. Jean Heves. of Manchester, which bv political platform except as an Individual.

It has been unanimously decided by the State branch council of the A.R.U. to reject the decision of the executive and appeal to the A.L.P. annual conference, to be held In April. This Is an interesting development, as the A.R.U. has a large number of members In country districts.

struggle against Japan. Pat, whose runaway voyage across the Atlantic was navigated with a sixpenny school atlas, Is now training naval men in the handling of invasion craft. His tne Allies tnemseives, witn tneir own strength, could effect the change. The on'y change would be the possible realisation on the part of Japan that she would be raising 60,369 to the end of last aeieatea. employe In shop or factory stooo a great chance of "getting his time" if he uttered anything Communistic or pro-Russian.

Maybe the present desire to ex- grass admiration for the Soviet nlon has been accentuated by MEMBERSHIP OF LLOYD'S "The Age" Special Correspondent LONDON. January 31. Lloyd's most powerful Insurance association in the world is planning to admit to membership residents of the Dominions representing big insurance Interests. The "Daily Sketch" says this is one of the most sensational pieces of city news for many years. Membership of Lloyd's is jealously guarded, and admission of foreign interests in ruled out by the fact that a member of Lloyd's pledges his whole fortune a pledge that could not easily be fulfilled in the case of a person with a foreign domicile.

Final decision on the admission of Dominions members has not vet been reached, but as a full, co'iplete financial pledge Is not likuly to involve difficulties in their ease, it is probable that the proposal will be accepted. Among the most important advantages would be the establishment of closer co-ODeration be Renlvinr; to rpnresent.flHnns hv vice; what they am Dei ore enlisting; what they think they could become qualified to do; and what particular studies they favored at school or university. The object Is to have information ready so that those charged with the responsibility of rehabilitating them Iiack into civilian life may have some foreknowledge of what preparations they have to make for the task. There will be classes and courses of study to arrange apprenticeships to secure, and, in many instances, technical training to provide. It will be a big job, and the census is the beginning by which it is hoped that disappointments, such as were suffered after the last war, will be auniHori The henefit of voca in uninese eyes tne sense ot shame is indispensable to qualify a man for local and planetary citizenship, and to ensure his proper spiritual development.

The sense of shame of China was grievously wounded and her "face" was humbled to the dust when Australia named her siipn the honorary secretary of the Australian Prisoners of War Relatives' Association (Mr. Svdnev our hitherto enforced silence Smith) for more information on L. P. HUTCHINSON (HaK5- burn) immigration restriction system the Australian prisoners of war, Mr. Curtln said th Government, hud given all the information it Mass Meeting Tactics year nas Deen creaitea witn tne biggest total for any individual town.

When Mrs. Heyes was Introduced to him, the Duke of Gloucester was told how after her brother had been shot down in a bombing raid and became a of war In Germany she ad made up her mind she would give all her spare time to helping war prisoners. Both the Duchess (wearing the Red Cross uniform! and Mrs. Churchill were present. The chairman of the Duke of Gloucester's Red Cross appeal fund, Lord Iliffe, said the fund had exceeded 1,000,000 for six months in succession.

In 15 months the penny-a-week fund had risen rana is a K.n.tt. srupper. After navigating a motor cycle through London streets during a blitz as a courier for the Ministry of Information. Osborne volunteered as an ordinary seaman. He was recognised and promoted to the command of a trawler in the North Atlantic and later to a mine sweeper in the Bristol Channel.

Then the Combined Operations Head Quarters realised the value of what Skipper Qsborne calls "my particular brand of He describes himself as a "freelance of the sea," and says he can hold his own at any job from cook to captain and from stoker to chief engineer, LEGAL AND ACCOUNTING PROBLEMS I which harass the private executor are I everyday routine to a Trustee Company. Save your family or friend all these worries by appointing as your executor EQUITY TRUSTEES COMPANY 472 BOURKE-STREET, MELBOURNE, C.l. NEUROSIS AMONG tional guidance will be provided for service personnel, who will have a chance to discuss their SOLDIERS THE future with experts before mat ing the final plunge. tween maritime nations of the DIRECTORS! Stratosphere Flyers world. Vice.

M. A. Baser. K.O., M.L.C.. W.

K. Fullanar. K.O., chairman; Hon. trom to chairman; Lleut-Oen. Sir Edmund Herrimi, K.B.E..

p.S.6, M.O., E.D., D.S.C.; Ynlinir R.A.A.F. Dllots In the Irregular Home News One Cause 'The Age" Special Correspondent LONDON at wnite-Austraua policy, our great Chinese Ally does not, and never has, objected to any part of that policy except the word "white," which, used as Its official title, suggests that Australia has assumed authority to condemn the Chinese (and all other Asians) to a position of despicable inferiority in the human family solely because of the color of their skins. Were we Australians to eliminate the term "white" from our alien Immigration policy without otherwise altering a single clause of the relevant statutes, we would dp Infinitely more to placate and please Asia and to pave the way for permanently peaceful and friendly post-war relations with the Orient than if we suspended the operation of those laws but retained the offensive title. Yours. AMBROSE PRATT.

Surrey Hills. Lleut-Ool. Allan Spowera, D.S.O., M.C.; The Hon. air wiintm Ananas, m.i.. Middle East were so keen to engage high-flying German reconnaissance planes that they strip UCOTHO n.

wm, Manager: F. R. WOOD. Aaalfttant Manager: ROBERT MONEY, The lrremilnr nrrivnl nf lpr.rjira The transport strike in New South Wales has serious lessons lor Allied transport unions in Victoria, particularly the A.R.U. All the causes of the unrest in New South Wales are present here-long shifts, 13-day fortnights ami annual leave not up to date.

But what is of most concern Is who organised the strike In Now South Wales and were adequate precautions taken, such as a lull and secret ballot, with impartial returning officers i' Mass meetings are a species of tactics for overrunning respontible moderate opinion In certain tnions. Railwaymen in Victoria have for some time pas; been Inundated with proposals for tne amalgamation of transport unions. Would a reslly big general strike be the fruits of these proposals, lrrespecthe of the interests of the community and our troops The defect! from tne Labor party will lessen he chances of rallwaytnen having tUAl. nvn.rnnM aHl.lctPd. With from home Is one nf t.hp main causes of neurosis among soldiers aervuiK oversea, according to an analysis of 2500 cases of war neu PUBLIC LECTURE "PRESENT-DAY TROUBLES MARK END OF GENTILE TIMES" TO-MORROW, WEDNESDAY NIGHT, 8 AUSIAALiAX HALL, 19 RUSSELL-STREET.

Speaker: Mr R. STEVENSON. All Welcome. No Collection. rotics irom tne Eighth Army, published In the "Lancet" by Major Alfred Torrie.

R.A.M.O. ped all tne armor ana nau tne guns out of their own fighters so they could get enough height to give chase. By such means, Flight-Lieut. R. T.

Hudson, of Sydney, got his plane up to nearly 40.000 feet. They were members of No. 451 Squadron, one of tne first to go to the Middle East. Wlng-Commander D. R.

Chan-man, former who recently returned to Australia, told the story to-day. After the squadron's first tour In the desert in Its true role as an army co-oDe- Cases developed during the desert retreat to El Alamein and tne later drive across North Africa. A large proportion of the cases were men who had served Struck a Pleasant Note more than four years as peace Have VOU SPPn A 4Mnn nnlB) A clergyman in one of Melbourne's suburbs received a Dleas- consequent action by a certain group to try to promote Industrial ROGERS ant surprise when at a special service which he was conducting ratlon unit, It was withdrawn to give fighter defence to vital supply lines. The pilots were not trained as fighters, but every man was keen to be a fighter pilot, they worked out their own Fnr-Mr. nnrl nrantisnd them regu (Canterbury) An Unwise Threat wi auiiun uigut ne was informed that a generous person had placed a 100 note In the collection plate.

The clergyman, on being shown the note, declared The five points of PALMOLIVE SHAVING CREAM Moist, rioh lather Softens beard Tr. hn rt nubile service to larly. Once they got three plnnes into the air within 55 seconds of direct attention to the dictatorial tendency of some ofllcinls asso elated with the national Mvice. a warning being receiveo oi nos it was tne nrst one or Jiluo denomination he had seen. Whether they have seen anv Or not.

most tne aircratt. Ties With New Zealand people would probably be pleased if they were more plentiful or time fiomiers ana naa Deen aD-sent from their homes for a long time. Of the patients treated 89.9 per cent, returned to duty, only 6.4 per cent, being invalided out. A high proportion of psychiatric casualties was found In units with little corporate life, such as small teams of drivers in lines of communication, exposed to frequent dive-bombing. Neurosis sometimes was brought on by the transfer of a soldier from a unit where the leadership was good to another where the men lacked confidence In their officers.

Because the need of social security was dominant in some men's minds publication of the Beverldge report was timely. Major Torrie suggests that the capacity of the soldier to stand up to battle conditions was assessable early In his training. One in four cases treated should never have been sent overseas. "The Among visitors to the reunion I have a lad who nas not iu" a Job into which he can seme down. He has consequently twice asked for a release from his employment in an endeavor to se cure work that would appeal OI Klltncrgien resiuenia rnv rcnrripntt vp.stordav was Mr.

Makee the work of a razor much easier more widely distributed. Yet, although the average person would probably say that 100 notes are as scarce as sovereigns, the number of 100 notes actually Issued p. o. Webb, Postmaster-General nA MiniQtar nf Labor in New to him. He nas, nowevcr.

tntA hu a National Service I in me uummonweaiui in December was 46,646. Gives a olean, close long-lasting shave V-Sl r-t official that If he were 18 yea" old he would have him put In tne Zealand. Mr. Webb, a native of Rutherglen. said Australia and New Zealand had much In common and the people of the two Dominions were very much ka.

-mrr 1 nrmv Rnrplv sucn talK is Teachers' Tribunal Iff take. Evidently the army A and It's very kind presented as some airin Thp two countries were now collaborating with regard to Pnclnc promems, ana ne considered that the recent confer- uniaa wnnlri form thp basis Of Among early decisions expected from State Cabinet Is the establishment of an independent tribunal for teachers and other sections of the public service. It was one of the terms upon which the U.A.P. Joined with thi CP. in the formation of a type who should be watched Is the overconfident boaster who severe punishment to the wi'-It they take heed of tm typo ot official they will lot on the army as something to shunned when they reach i the 8e of IB years.

There Is. however, no peed to threaten to put ij 'i ii, when he Is volunteers for all sorts of Jobs," says Major "He often proves an empty Conlltlon Government. The fact permanent understanding and unltv of action between the two countries on world problems. When the war was over there was no reason why the best brains of the world could not dc-visp a fiVArim nf economic and hp tuin fniinw In the footsteps mar, tne present cnnirman or the Public Service Board (Mr. J.

Har-nctty) was re-appointed for only three months wax an InitloaMnn his four older brothers, who sr. in the A.I.P., and his is an armorer with the Air Forn in Australia. J. A A Parliamentary commission in Ankara has found that the cost of living in Turkey has risen 500 per cent, since 1939, establishing social advancement to make the -world a paradise Instead of an of an Intention to reform that These shady palms and green lawns proved a popular apo between swims yesterday for many people who spent the Australia day ollday at St. Hilda.

ROBERTSON (Konslngton). a worm record. ooay. I arena xor destructive wariare,.