The Independent-Record from Helena, Montana • Page 6

THE HELENA DAILY INDEPENDENT. THURSDAY, 12, 1940 HlniM I'uullshHl nully TIM Publishing Comivtni LAW RIBKEN. Editor. M.mb.r ot Th. Aiiocl.t.d Prtu.

Th. AMOcWWd enlllled to th. for publication i dlipalehM cr.dk«d to It or not cr.jdiwd In thli and alio local new, publl.h.d th.r»ln. Telcphon. 411 and SubKrlb.r* will confer a favor by calling th.

1 ulaphona If carrier, fail to d.llv.r papen promptly. SUBSCRIPTION RATES Dally and Sunday, delivered by carrier, one In advance Dally and Sunday, delivered by carrier, one munih. In advance Dally and Sunday, when not paid In advance, j(j Dal" delivered bjr mail In ilon- by mail out of Montana (In th. United State.) THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 12, 1940 BRITAIN WILL HOLD! Winston Churchill, in his fighting speech of oefiance against Nazi brutality and wantonness certainly described the feelings of Americans when he declared that "all the world marvels at the courage, the fortitude of the people, who are withstanding these attacks." The courageous words of Britain's prime minister carried great hope for his empire final success against the ruthless attacks of Hitler's military power, for he declared that despite the relentless rain of bombs on England the air attacks so far had "failed conspicuously," and that the Royal Air force was stronger than at the start of the terrific fighting of past weeks. In other words, Britain holds mastery of the air.

Such a brave message from their leader, really reflects the undimmed morale of the British people, the courage that the civilized world has been applauding since the daily bombardments from the skies were launched by Hitler's mighty forces. England is strong, Churchill declares. Her fleet is powerful, her shores well-fortified and behind them stand the strongest army she has ever had before. She is ready for the greater assault that must come any day now when Germany tries invasion of the embattled isle. The viciousness of the attacks on England already has surpassed anything ever seen in warfare.

Darker days are ahead, but along with strong defense British morale holds up splendidly. There is hope, greater hope now, that England will survive. Facing a paper ihortage, Italy Is giving up 217 ot ontdated government documents lor rcmanu- facture. When Hitler Is torced to do the same he should have enough broken treaties to care for tne caper situation. AS MAINE WENT--G.

0. P. It is clear enough that the election results this week in Maine are not to be laughed off with ease by democratic party leaders. Tradition has gone awry a few times since the saying, "As Maine Goes" first became a political byword. But in Monday's election, the republican candidates in Maine came through with overwhelming victories.

Not since 1928 has such a votes--been rolled up in the gubernatorial race. That was the mar- gine by which Sumner Sewall defeated Fulton Kedman, the democratic entry for governor. In congressional races the G.O.P. winners had fat leads over their opponents. New Deal chieftains already are attempting to minimize the importance of the republican sweep in Maine.

They can point to a few past occasions, when the nation did not go the way Maine went. But, the vote in Maine has usually been a fair political barometer. When the republican ballot brought such overwhelming results as Tuesday's, it may not have indicated a national trend, but it can be reason for alarm until matters are finally settled in the November election. Republican victories by scant margins or some democratic successes would have been heartily welcomed by those who want to see the greatest American tradition--opposition to a third presidential term for any man--broken at the coming election. accuses President Roosevelt of putting the draft Into politics Which draft does be mean, the one it Chicago? can be prepared for human consumption In various ways.

The industrial uses of soy beans are almost limitless. Here is one crop now to America that has caught on amazingly. Far from creating surpluses, the new crop is in growing demand. There are doubtless other crops that can be grown to limit acreages of the surplus crops without leaving land idle. Most crops the Western United States produces were new to the virgin prairies.

The West could not have been built without the adaptation of old world crops to the prairies. That process should go on. As demand for one crop lessens, another should begin replacing it. The soy bean currently is showing the way. Some of Mussolini 1 claims give suspicion that he may have the same managers as his countryman.

Prlmo Camera, who finally took the count. WARM WELCOME FOR MR. GAVIN Since the days of the late James J. Hill, the "Empire Builder," the people of Helena have frequently had the happy opportunity of greeting and chatting with chieftains of the Great Northern Railway company. There was another such an occasion yesterday when Frank J.

Gavin, successor of beloved W. P. Kenny, paid his first official visit to Helena as president of the great transportation system. Frank Gavin needed no introduction to many in this city. During his remarkable career as a railroader, which took him from $16- dollar-a-month office boy to the presidency of his road, he several times held positions in Montana and during past years he has many imes visited the state in various official capacities.

Needless to say, Helena has long recognized -he importance of the Great Northern railway the life of this community, just as President Javin told Helena people that his company ooks at this important Montana center as a prime link in the vast territory served by the Helena and the Great Northern aerially have grown together, so it was with real ride and sincere fraternity that such a dis- visitor as Mr. Gavin was welcpmed here yesterday. The greetings had especial warmth in the case of this former Montanan, who by dint of hard work and deep loyalty jrospered through the ranks in a typical American success saga that should provide an nspiration to the youth of today. Jack Garner now has 45,000 acres In Texas, plenty nC room for remaining In hiding. DANGEROUS JOB A Chicago Tribune correspondent, Guy Murchie, was wounded yesterday during a Dombing of Dover.

So far as can be recalled, lie is the first casualty among American newspapermen, who have been covering the great war in Europe, although during the Spanish war, Eddie Neill, Associated Press correspondent, was killed at the front. The wounding of Murchie brings to attention the dangerous risks confronting the men who today are giving Americans first-hand news of the greatest battles of history. They are actually taking their lives in their hands, while reporting the stories of death and destruction in England and elsewhere. The war correspondent is the cream of American reporters and that he is also a doughty individual is daily impressed on readers by his eye-witness versions of terrific engagements His worth is more respected as we read of one falling in the line of duty. Our new battleships will have modern soda foun tains and a lew big guns, we hope.

DO WE GO IN SOON? Minor party candidates cherish no illusions regarding the ultimate entrance of this country into the war. Norman Thomas, for instance, says the President may find himself at war "even before the election," and just what does he mean by that? Roger W. Babson, who, you may recall, is running on the prohibition ticket--on a platform on which liquor seemingly is a minor issue--declares flatly that "after November 6, the United States will go to war to help Britain, regardless of who is elected." Here is a prophet, setting the very date, then November 6, of course, is election day. By that "regardless of who is elected," to be Hure, Mr. Babaon does not mean either himself or Mr.

Thomas, the social nominee. burglar alarm went off at a major league park but nmptrM stood their grounds. SHOWING THE WAY Phenomenal growth of the soy bean crop in the United States disputes the theory that America's agricultural equipment must be operated permanently on a restricted basis. though soy bean culture has been traced back in China to nearly 3,000 B. the crop's cultivation in America is recent.

Between 1930 and 1039 this country's production jumped from 13,471,000 bushels to nearly 90,000,000 bushels. About 10,000,000 acres of United States soil are now devoted to culture of the beans. Last year 46,000,000 bushels of soy beans were crushed, yielding 536,000,000 pounds of oil. This year it is estimated 700,000,000 pounds will be produced. In addition the crop feed for livestock, builds soil and NrWSPAPF.RfllCfilVE® It is a little different when the A.f.

puts the wa In Hitler's back-yard. Other Editors HAVK YOU CHOSEN YOURS? Frying Pan, Bear Ears, Star Valley, Shoghone Can yon, Thnnder Mountain, Goosenest, Hayfork, Pack wood. Gunfllnt, Tcton Pass, Slecpv Cat, Crested Butte Granddaddy Lakes, Horsetlilef Canyon. Wind nlvo: every American owns a place which has some aucl vacatlonland name. He can take his pick among th dense, dark fir-hemlock stands ot the Pacific North west, toweling of California, pinions am Junipers of the Great Basin, the cedar of the Sierras the complex hardwoods ot tho Appalachians, th spruce-lodgepole pines of the Rockies, the low chap parral of the Southwest, hardwood second growth of the Great States.

He can stake his claim on a mountainside, hy a spring, on a rushing rive hank, above 'tho clouds, where near-desert stretche away to the sunset. Well, If ho can't build a fence around It and koe others away, still It Is his own. We have been read Ing the National Forest new handsom book, "Forest Outings," published by the Departmen ot Agriculture, and It says plain as day that eacl 1 American about an acre and a third ot th country's 176,000,000 acres of national forest land And to help out apartment who don't know an acre from a furlong, It describes an as abou the size of a gridiron on a football field. We closed "Forest Outings" with a feeling of prope pride and a resolve to look over our plot down In th oak-pine of the Ozarks oftener. For here 1 one of the great assets of our set ting aside of large areas of magnificent forest fo the enjoyment, benefit and profit of the people Democracy worked here, and no can say 1 Louis Post Dispatch.

THE BIIA IS 8TIM, GROWING It may item out of order at time to bring the subject ot the national budget, but It problem which mill have to be solved time, and It mus not be forgotten simply because government credl high or defense great. The Unite States Is evidently going Into a long period of worse budget deficits than In recent years, a Perlo that will last long as th. International emergent lasts. the nation ever Intend to balance tb budget? Can It ever do If not, what will hai pen Perhaps these questions do not call for such depressing answer they seem to Imply. The tradl tlonal and long-predicted of budget un balance haw.

not yet appeared. There has b.en buckling of government credit, no bulgo In commo dlty prices, and neither in prospect. Bu can United States get away with government defl cits Indefinitely without unpleasant consequence? Al history no. Despite new theories, despite defense needi, the day of reckoning be kept Science Monitor. Changing the Guard in Rumania By Herblock The Haskin Letter FREDERIC I.

HASKIN, Author of The American Government HISTORY OF ORDNANCE Washington, D. Sept. and's desperate need for increased armaments lends interest to the fascinating history of ordnance among he English-speaking peoples. Of more than incidental interest Is the fact that Great Britain and the United States have been leaders in disarmament movements, and now loth nations are taxed to capacity to Increase fighting equipment The people ot this country learned their first lessons in ordnance undw the British flag when they were dwelling In America as colonists, and much of the organization of the United States array has been based on the English system. Ordnance takes its from the Scandinavian god Thor, tfe Thun- derer.

Early English records spell word thordnance. The Danes occupied part of England for many years and Scandinavian blood flows in English veins, as It does in American. It Is a far cry from the year ISIS, when Bernard Schwartz, a German monk, designed the first cannon ever made In Europe, to thi present when the big guns are bomb Ing London. In the Intervening yeara runs the major history of heavy land arms. Before the Introduction ot can non, England bad ordnance but It consisted ot which great boulders at castls walls, of battering rams swung on stirrups, and of towers.

Richard the Lion- Hearted erected one of these ordnance at the slego of Acre. Stones and hot pitch were flung from It. Men at arms, plkemen and cross- bowmen remained for niany years the mainstay of the infantry, hut heavy ballistics were being developed. Oddly, the officer who was the prototype of the master general of ordnance, and later the British board of ordnance, the keeper the wardrobe. Tho king of England bad three chief military lieutenants.

First was the lord'hlgh unstable who supervised the commission of array and saw to the levying and training of troops and A second king's lieutenant was tho earl marshal. It was his duty to marshal the trained levies In the field, and to see that they were properly armed and equipped. The high constable corresponded to the modern adjutant general, while the marshal corresponded to the quartermaster general. Then came the keeper of the wardrobe who Sonnysayings M.vfM.m.1 U. ft.

MM. seems to have taken on, for some reason not clear after all theso centuries, the task of planning and landling the ordan.ce. It was during this same reign of Edward III that a second word seems to have come Into the English vocabulary of arms when general Ar was given the job of handling ordnance. ArtHlery has been in language since that time. Henry VIII founded the British navy and stimulated the work of ordnance manufacture.

The headquarters of the master was In the of-London guild of craftsmen nnd artificers sprang up under his patronage Some of the early foundries still exist. Elliabeth reorganlted the department and enlarged its scope. Her famous favorites, Sir Philip Sidney and the earl of Essex, were masters general of ordnance In her reign. Cronvnclllan Reforms It often happens that when substantial emoluments as well as the handling of large sums are Incidental to a government position, some corruption creeps In Tho history of the British ordnance Is not clear of such practices, but when the stern Cromwelllans successfully rebelled against the crown and took over the government, investigations not unlike some present-day congressional inquiries In the United States wero mndo and there was a general renovation. Instead of being an office In the gift of the crown, the responsibility of managing the ordnance was transferred to the board of ordnance, responsible to the parliament.

Cromwell, guarding his Puritans' money, set up a careful system of checks on appropriations and made It difficult for any graft to creep ID. These reforms 1 remained in effect fiom that time. There was a clerk of the ordnance, a clerk of deliveries, keeper of the armory, keeper of small arms, engineer, master gun- n-er of England, flreraaater. clerk of cheque, purveyor, and other officials all empowered to watch the stores and each other. TblH hoard functioned until modern times the array council took it over, but the system of checks was retained.

In the first World war there ft as a great cxten filon of the organization necessarily, and the ministry of munitions created and occupied by David Lloyd George. When Qreat Britain was attempt- Ing to suppress the American rebellion in 1776, the master general of tbe was the marquess of Townnhend. After the war the high position was given to Lord Cornwal- HH, perhaps as a consolation prize. In the War of 1812, the British guns which thundered against the Infant United States were under the mastership of the Earl of Chatham, son ot tho famous William Pitt, tirai earl of Chatham, and for whom Pittsburgh, the Iron city was named. 1 ot write a 'at'i OH, He wore plus-foura and carried a large assortment of coif clubs.

"Yes," he mid to the girl In the train. "I've had an awful day. Ualned all the morning, and the greens by lunch-time were In shocking state," "Really 7" laid tha girl. "We had uparagus, but that wasn't very good, UNSATISFACTORY German-American! held a festival at a Chicago park at which DO nail flags were dtp played, no nail mufllfl played, and no nail speeches made. This can hardly be regard Mtlifactorj In Wllhelm- Science' MOD! So They Say a man IB so ill as to be- neve he IB ill when be la no ill, he IB ill psychologist in a recent book on psychotherapy.

OSE -who have carried on lnt graduate study include 10 tlmei as large a proportion ot radical) as those who have barely finished the eighth grade--Prof. Goodwin Watson, Columbia. HAVE my doubts whether Trot sky was murdered in Mexico a the Instigation of Stalin, as 1 widely assumed. The nazls couli wished It Bonedlcl in Magazine of Wall Street. fpHIS IB the moment and th J- United States is the place fo us to revive again the faith am power of freedom--Frank Ktngdon in the Survey Graphic.

A BETTER NAMH FOR On Saturday n. primary election was hold In Harlan county withou evftn no much oa a fist fight being reported from any of tho 80 pre ctncts of this thickly area The residents of tho count; ho believe In Harlan count; should spread that news. Burlnfj recent added pub llclty of the unpleasln? pe ha been splashed upon the name the county. Although Harla countlana arn used to It, they don' Hko It After all. there are man; counties throughout the countr with higher homicide rates tha have not been subjected to near! as many front jiago ntorlea of out of-town newspn pers There are a number of thing that can he done toward wlnnlni for tho county a reputation of lai obedience Ono of those method in taking nnd spreading the wor of the brighter side of Harlan Another nay to win back mor desirable name strikes at the grans roota of tho condition--olampln out tho breeding places of vlo lence --Harlan (Kentucky) Enter prise.

Washington Column By BRUCE CATTON Thl WllklltlM F.S.A. HELPING WORKERS FIND FARMS. HOMES Washington. Sept. 11.

The roblom growing out ol the famous hunger march" of landless share- roppers and In southeast Missouri a year and a half ago Is In .1 fair way to being solved, at last --solved becausa all Involved at down and discussed their trou- iles In a democratic American manner. This hunger march a rising of several hundred farm families who had nothing to do and no place go. It raised a lot of'angry pas- ions, icared the and bus- ness people of the neighborhood, drew the eager attention ot the and looked like a source ot trouble for many years to come. Today the thing Is being worked out. The farm security administration has had a lot to do with It, and Gov.

Lloyd Crow Missouri administration; so, too, have the and the home- en directly Involved. Last winter Governor Stark lamed a committee representing all of those groups to figure out a solution. committee drew up a program aimed to put the landless folk on their own feet, so they could both be self-supporting and could furnish the "boot-heel" area of southeastern Missouri annually heeds to get out Its cotton. Most interesting part of the program--because It shows the cooperation which was obtained from everybody concerned--is probably the part which deals with the effort to stabilize the farm labor supply. Here the way that la being handled For a given family, the farm security administration people go to a cotton-farm landlord and ask for a 10-year lease on a small tract of ground--maybe three acres, maybe five, sometimes much as 10 Getting the lease, the F.S A.

locates the family on the land and loans It enough money for a house. By contracting for the homes in quan tity and cutting out all the frills It Is able to construct desirable four-room homes for about $400 apiece. The family pays oft this F.S A loan over 10 years--at a rate ol about $50 a year. The landlord gets no rent, but at the end ol tho 10 years the house belongs ti him. Meanwhile, the family has enough land to raise garden truck keep chickens and support a cow and a tow pigs.

These support it during tho slack season. It gets Its cash Income by hiring out as farm labor during the brlet periods whon the region needs a large supply of casual workers. That's only part ot the program of course. It is now taking care approximately 1,600 families. A number of other families have been put on full-sized farms, with, loans to enable them to make a start A couple of "labor camps" on tho California migrant model are abou' to be put Into operation.

Interesting about the whole bus! noss are two points- First, th which a labor dispute can lujocl nto the defense program. Boeing's Seattle plant employ! ime 7,000 men. Its minimum pay scale--tho "hiring In" rate al which green hands are taken on-has been 62 4 cenls per hour, fixed couple of years ago when the orco was much smaller, and lub lantlally above the 60-cent mini num set by Labor Secretary Perk- ns under the Walsh-Healey act. This summer the company sought set a lower minimum. Its off! dais pointed out that the force at this factory would presently be greatly Increased, and that man unskilled men would be taken on, so It was proposed to cut the new In" rate at 55 cents, with the proviso that no men working under the old rate would have hh wage reduced.

This struck the union as being oo much like a wage cut for com- ort, and the row was on. A strike imminent. Harvey Brown, president of the International Association of parent union, flew to Seattle and obtained a 10-day postponement and then returned to Washington to see what the government could do to bring about a settlement. Various things were tried. Boeing agreed to accept all the union's wage demands If the lotal Increaseo cost didn't corae to more than to find on an auditor's check-up, that It would come to The labor department's conciliators did what they could.

Sidney Hillman, labor's man on the defense commission, did what he could. In the end, a settlement wae reached--via a misunderstanding Hllfman induced both sides to ar nitrate the dispute. After the settlement was announced, It devel oped that the union thought the arbitration was to Include everything but the 6214-cent minimum, which was to be accepted; tho company thought that the minimum was to be among the things arbl trated. The settlement immediately blew up, with the whole Job to be done over. At this writing the row still on.

problem of supplying southeast Mis souri with its necessary seasona labor supply without forcing a few thousand families into wandering pauperism is apparently being solved, and second, the bad feellni of tho parly days vanishing and landlords, tenants, state officials and the federal government have worked out among them a program nhich Is enlisting the cooperation of everybody Involved. Nobody ever prayed for anything much harder than this admtnlstra tlon has been praying for a pcrma nent settlement to the threatenc strike of airplane workers In Boe Ing's Seattle factory. This row sallied after trantlc work by the labor department, th defense commission, Boeing offl cinls and union leaders--and then the settlement promptly came un stuck. Weary days ot negotiation have followed and the end Is no yet. Meanwhile, the whole thing Is a fine example of the headaches SIDE GLANCES Bj OALBRAITH "Ob.

no, not name him that, Millie--they'd call ui Bill and Young Today's Answers To Questions A reader can get the answer to any question ot fact by writing The Helena Independent Information Bureau, FreJerlc J. Haskin, Director, Washington, D. C. Pleast enclose Ihree (3) for reply. Q.

Why are Imitation window! pointed on barns? D. H. 91. A. Tho custom was brought to the United Slates from Europe.

71 was started Ihere In order to avoid window tax and at the same time to give an appearance of affluence Q. How the gold at Fort protected? R. Jj. E. A.

The main part of the gold depository built at Fort Knox, Ky is below the level of the ground and the vaults are guarded by every known scientific method ol protecllon, including a torch nront wall and a photoelectric eye whlcli dctocls any inlruder. Four gnr. lurrels of aleel nnd stone flank the structure which Is set ttlthin steel fenced inclosure. Arm ml guards nro on duty at all times The depository Is manned with ma chine guns and other modern moth ods of defenfie. Q.

What TIHTO been given moit frequently by tho tan Opera company? M. 8. T. A. They are as follows: "Lohengrin," "Faust," I Paglinc- cl," "La Boheme," "Die Walkure, 1 "TannhauBer," "Cavallerla Rusll rana." "Carmen," Tristan und Isolde," 'La Tosca," and "Madame Butterfly." Q.

How fiut cnn a fur seal swim? R. P. R. A A fur sea! can swim for considerable distance at the flus talned rate of 60 miles an hour. Q.

What In Included In nn urban arcn? II. H. M. A. The urban area, as defined by the Bureau of Census, Includes all cities and other Incorporated places having a population of 2,500 or more.

Q. When did George Waahfjurton build (IliUMIng plant nt Mount Vernon? S. I). R. A.

George Washington sot up his distillery In 1795 at Mount Vernon Q. Should letter to A wtrton be uddrrjtard Aim. Mnry or Einiu? X. H. I.

A. It should bo addressed to Mra. James Evans The fact that her husband has died In no wnj affects the form of name which ap pears on the envelope. Q. Wlmt ii Ihe of Iho quota.

Ilon which the line "And tho Cnbot.i talk only to S. R. H. A. It III as follows: "And thlr is good old Boston The home of the bean and the cod.

Where the Lowells talk lo tho Cahots, Ano tha Cahots talk only to God." Q. What In the official meaning of Iho term In aviation? A. R. A While tho title ot ace an unofficial one and not used In army It has nevertheless been the practice to apply this title to who achieved five or over enemy aircraft. Q.

Wlmt Is green munarlng? L. 8. M. A. This a term applied to the turning over of green foi enriching the soil.

Q. What percentage of land In Iho ninlrlct of Coliimlrta owned by the irovernnicnir P.D.M. A. The Unllrd States government owns over 46 per cent of the land In the DlatrM I rWSPAPER!.