The Independent-Record du lieu suivant : Helena, Montana • Page 4

THE HELENA DAILY INDEPENDENT. WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 17, 1932. "Since 1806" Published every day In thy jrcar by The Indepcnden Publishing Company. Helcnn, WILL A. CAMPBELL, and Editor Give light and the people Will find their own way.

Member of The Associated Press. The Associated Prew la exclusively entitled to the use for publication 01 new. dispatches credited to It or not otherwise credlte in this paper and also the local news published therein SUBSCniPTION RATES Dally ann Sunday, delivered by carrier or by mall, one year, In advance Daily and Sunday, one month, by carrier, or oy mall. In advance Eunday Independent, by mall only, one year Dally Independent, by mall only, ona Telephones 491 and 482 Subscriber, will confer a favor by calling office on tho telephone If carriera fall to deliver promptly. WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 17, 1932 OUTLAWING CONQUESTS Secretary Stimson's recent declaration that America would abide by the policy of refusing to recognize territorial or economic gains which any nation may make by force of arms represents a change in international relations far greater than is generally realized.

This policy, affirmed last winter, adopted by the League of Nations and repeated not long ago by the nations of South America in connection with the row between Bolivia and Paraguay, can be made an extremely effective force for "world peace--if the nations of the world give it more than lip sen-ice. And when you stop to considrer it carefully, you will see that it signalizes one of the profoundest shifts in the conduct of world affairs ever attempted. What it does is to outlaw the right of conquest--a right as old as civilization. Never before has the world even tried to commit itself to the doctrine that force is not, after all, the final arbiter in international relations. To understand how far-reaching this policy is, just imagine how different a place the worlc would.be if this policy had been in effect a few generations earlier.

Texas, California, New Mexico and Arizona would not be part of the United States. The American flag would not fly over the Philippines or Puerto Rico. North of the international border, Canada would be existing under the flag of France. In the Orient there would be no "treaty ports." no foreign colonies; the Dutch would not hold the islands of the East Indies, the English would not hold India, the map of Africa would look entirely different. But there is no point in going on, because we simply cannot picture the world as it would be if the right of conquest had been outlawed a few centuries ago.

In attempting to outlaw it now we are trying something earlier generations never even dreamed of trying. No matter a the Ottawa conference does to us, we will still be in the market for Black Horse Ale and Joinny Walker liquors. FINANCIAL SUGGESTION Mayor C. J. Bausch wants all people working for the city to hold their pay checks until the tax money is received from the county treasurer this fall, or to stand the discount, equal to the interest which the city would have to pay until December 1.

If this brilliant idea was carried into effect a $100 pay check for August would be worth only for September $99, and for October, $99.50. On each S100 pay check the city would thereby save $3 between September 1 and December 1, and this $3 would come out of the pockets of those who work for the city. Or by holding their pay checks and letting the merchants around the city carry them for food, clothing and fuel, the pay checks would be worth par on December 1. In all seriousness The Independent offers two suggestions to avoid discounting the pay checks and enabling- city employes to pay their bills promptly the first of each month. (1) The bank which backed Mr.

Bausch for mayor of Helena might accept the pay checks at par and charge the city no interest. The bank is full of money and it is piling up down there every day as people are paying their obligations and increasing their deposits. If the banker who suggested that Mr. Bausch run for mayor, is a good sport, he will at once notify his friend the mayor, that between Sept. 1 and Dec.

1, the bank will charge no interest on city warrants. (2) Mayor Bausch is personally worth from $30,000 to $50,000. He is the only employee of the city so far as known, who can hold his pay check for three months. He might personally arrange to cash the checks for his fellow employees and hold the whole collection without interest and without discount. If anyone has any other suggestions as to how-to prevent the mayor taking the city employees to a "trimming" The Independent will be pleased to publish them in the interesting column known as "The People's Safety Valve.

One of our ministers says "My head Is not easily turned." He nhould come down on Main street nome wlnfiy day and try himself out. T. B. ON THE RUN Health authorities are trying to figure out what is happening to worst that old enemy of the human race, tuberculosis. According to all previous notions, in times when economic con- tiitiqrj? are hard, tuberculosis should renew its attacks.

The present so-called depression has not had that effect. A recent report of Dr. Andy Hall, director of the department of public health for the state of Illinois, furnished additional material for examination of this problem. Dr. Hall says statistics for the first five months of this year indicate a drop of 12 per cent in the tuberculosis JKOrttHty compared with the records for the like period of 1931.

In each month the number of deaths was much lower than in the corresponding months of the previous year. The death rate from this disease hns declined with unusual rapidity since 1929. Attempts to reconcile these statistics with supposed deleterious effects of lessened income are not satisfactory. It is probable that in reality no considerable proportion of the population has suffered want to the point of malnutrition. It also is well known that the period represented by the statistics was marked by intelligent control measures tending to prevent the spread of disease in general, and by improved methods of combatting tuberculosis in particular.

So that in spite of the fact that no specific medicine has been discovered to cure tuberculosis, increased knowledge concerning nursing, sanitation and hygiene, with better methods and means for insuring a safe food supply, have provided the conditions contributing to this noteworthy public health victory. Ambassador Mellon better resign at once if he intends to do eo or he will be unable to evade a campaign contribution for the Hoover war chest. STICK TO THE FACTS When a campaign orator goes gunning for the opposition the least he can do is stick to the facts. Otherwise, he must be prepared for counter attack. One of the administration's "Three Musketeers" exposed himself to an accounting recently when he said: "Is he (Roosevelt) condemning the Wilson administration for having given the allied na- iions nearly all the money the American taxpayers owned and asking not even a definite iromise to pay?" The administration spokesman knew, or he should have known, and he could have found out easily enough, that a receipt was taken for every dollar advanced the allied nations and along with it their promise to pay in gold every jenny borrowed, together with interest.

Later these obligations were duly funded by Secretary Mellon and definite terms of payment were agreed upon. There never was any rregularity in any of the foreign debt transactions until Hoover came along with his moratorium scheme and encouraged the debtor nations to believe they could escape payment. Yet this administration spokesman has the gall to suggest that Governor Roosevelt's proposed "new deal for the American people" may be dealt from a stacked deck. Why doesn't he attempt to explain the marked deck used by the American and European diplomats in framing that "gentlemen's agreement" at Lausanne? President Hoover has another plan for i i the depression. That man seems to have adopted the slogan "Out of the Re-trenches by Christmas." THE USED CAR PROBLEM Second-hand or used motor cars are, as everyone knows, the bane of the automobile dealer's existence.

He sells a new car and gets an old one as first payment on the new. He resells the old car and gets, perhaps, still another one in part payment for that. They cut down his profits, use valuable garage space and divert his selling staff from the sale of new cars. Manufacturer, dealer and owner agree that what the world needs today more than anything else is a profitable market for used cars entirely apart from the automotive field. The business of buying new car would be greatly simplified if there were a way to dispose of the old model at a good price before getting quotations on a new one.

Meat became cheaper and the packing business became more profitable when methods were found to turn every part of the pig but the squeal into valuable Used automobiles are junk, but that is hardly a valuable by-product. What is needed is that alchemy that can transform a five-year-old model into a five-room cottage or a cellar distillery. The only tax made necessary by the Hoover a i istration, which is not worrying us Just now, Is that 10 per cent assessment on furs. Hitler said: "I shall be Chancellor or nothing." He has von Hlndenberg's answer, so now he Is nothing. Best Editorial of the Day New York World-Telegram.

TYPEWRITERS IN SCHOOIA Typewriters fascinate children. They may hold the power to improve and speed up education In elementary schools. Prof. Ben D. Wood, of Columbia University, and Prof.

Frank N. Freeman, of the University of Chicago, have completed experiments participated In by nearly 15,000 school children and more than 400 teachers in El -schools during a period of two years. The results of the experiments have been set forth in a book published by the Macmillan Company. The fundamental advantage of the typewriter seems to arise from the fact that children are able to use a typewriter effectively well before they are able to co-ordinate the uso of their fingers In writing with a pencil or pen. The typewriter pupils therefore get the on tb.o others, especially in self-expression.

"One of the highly significant findings of the experiment," said the Investigators, "Is that the use of the typewriter apparently stimulates the children to a greatly Increased output of wrltlen malcrlal." There Is reason for believing that the a i efforts Involved In i letters and words by awkward-fingered children tend to create a dlallke for writing, thereby hampering the growth of facility in self-expression. A a i i a punishment Is to require a child to write some sentence ovor and over on a blackboard. Teachers how tho youngsters hate to do this. Tho typewriter contains a and also ease of word a i It Improves spelling and reading. It promotes concentration, neatness, orderly habits and has a good Influence on genera! clasnroom atmosphere.

It does not Interfere with progress In handwriting, on the contrary, Increases tho a of written work done with pen and pencil. Teachers reported: "Pupils beg to como early to use tho typewriters, also to slay a school." The a i a era, beneficent In other ways, should not be frowned upon If II seeks to cuter Into Ihe education of small children. JUST AS HE STARTED HIS VACATION! KJaf Fwtarfe Inc, Cm I Rritiln rteh SENTENCE SERMONS By tb. Rev. ROT L.

SMITH. D. D. l-Mior Simpson M. E.

CburoO UlnneaColLL HE WHO WELL---Of his neighbors is very apt to have a good reputation himself. --Of his employer is certain to enjoy his work more. --Of his work has the beginning of happiness. --Of his home town makes a better citizen. --Of himself has a better chance at success.

Of his world is certain to be rich regardless of wealth. Of his opinions should be careful about expressing them. The Haskin Letter By Frederic J. Hmliln HOW THE WORLD IS RULED--XVI--Ireland 1 Washington, D. Aug.

reason why so many Irish in- ist that they a descended from kings Is a it Is pretty likely to be the truth, for In early times Ire- and was ruled by as many i Texas has The Irishman always has been an independent soul, jealous of his liberties and proud of his rights. The i of rule In Erin are to be in i i each one so rirciimscriherf in area a all inhabitants could reach a snrt get the same a Each i called itself and was. In effect, a i with a lead man who was i As usual, the first of won heir" distinction by fores of arms very early the hereditary idea, within limits, came I being. Kings were elected but when a va- ancy occurred the election was among those who could claim a fa- grandfather, or great-grandfather as occupant of a throne. With the a a i i a i of progeny It Is not i i tn understand how so many rulers could leave behind them so a descendants claiming a royal connec- The followers of these petty kings assembled periodically to dls- UBS affairs of state a In a i tion, there was a sort of senate council of nobles who, at the of the king, i tenants to the standard to do battle.

It early developed that these tiny kingdoms gravitated Into groups or leagues, bound by a ily ties, geography, or some such kinship. Eventually. Ireland was divided I five kingdoms. Each of the five would be small today but was great as compared the I i i a communities of which It was comprised. They were called tho Five Fifths of Ireland and, although not long a the earliest division, one of the Fifths disappeared, each of the a i i four retained the name of a Fifth and each one of these major provinces Is referred to to this day as a Fifth of Ireland.

The Five i of Ireland were Ulster. North Leln- ster, South Lelnstor, and Connaught. of the, nnildn While in a respects the law was feudal, tho king o( each i being siirroundnd by lesser vassals and so on down, It wan apart from tho Continental a system or even that which developed In Kng- land ncroes the Channel. Feudal law was largely a i i a regime. There was another, deeper law which ran all tho Fifths of Ireland and thai was law of the Druids.

This codo long ruled the Enie.rald Islo. The Druids not only wero priests of the ancient papan i they were the professional men of the i the astronomers, scientists in every then field of science, tho a a i rule ical a all i regardless of the mili- a local ot i of the Firtlis and I still more constricted i rule of the sub- i is held to be responsible for the strength of Irish national feeling. I i may quarrel among themselves on local issues but every Irishman is an Irish patriot In terms of whole Island, and i loyal to Kathleen na Cool- i mystic presiding goddess. Even a the i there developed a hegemony. Long time, according to old sagas, the kings of Ulster a of Connacht bill.

It seems, finally the latter won the a and established his capital on the Hill of Tara where the most a of all harps. Cormac looms out of these dim days, in the far Third and. his leadership the Irish plundered the Roman legions In their camps In Britain and even on the Continent. The dynasty of Tara reached its zenith of power Nlall of the i Hostages when he held most of Ulster with his sons. This was in the i century.

Up to 1000 A. D. a head king of Ireland held a a gatherings attended by all the lesser princes. Tho first Christian missionaries came Into Ireland an slaves, having been a in Irish rolds In Britain. Patrick was a them.

Although slow to yield up their i a the Irish seized Christian eagerly. Quick willed and alerl Ihe Irish wore apt scholars from the conllnent traveled far to a the groat universities which wore thriving In Ireland when England still was half barbarian and lltlle schooled. As elsewhere, tho Christian Idea was seized upon politically and churr.h- ly and secular a i mingled. The great Columha, i was a i a of the mighty Nlall. About.

800 tho Norsemen had Now Is the Time Plant Perennial Flower Seeds and Lawn Grass Get Our Fall Catalog State Nursery Co. Phone 2670 i appeared and a small colonies on the Irish coast. TIley held on i a i success i on Good Friday of 1014. the great i a i defeated them at Clont Tho i Anglo-Norman Invasion came in 1166. i i the a a between i and I i It was then a the i a FitiStephens.

Clares, DeLacys and DeCourcys-- destined to become great Irish a i i -entered Irish i not as I i men at all but as a French a seeking to confjuer Irel a They were absorbed by her, a i marriages and alliances and. in tho becoming more I i a Irish themselves. Period of Turbulence Frnm 1 2 0 5 to 1307 a was Viceroy of I a i F.dv.ard I a and. I a period, he laid the a i of legislative He convoked a a i a to which i and clergymen were This a i a lasted 1SOO. a was constant, even Robert Bruce, a a sending his brother to i for.

and temporar- i i the crown of Ireland. Tho O'Npllls arose In UHter Turbulence was piled on and the great Earls, British created, who sought to rule a cons a clash between Ideas of British and Irish laws. The Elizabetha period a a i a i but i the Civil war came an attempt on Cromwell's part to a Ireland. Some of the bitterest a i i feeling dates from a i a a wnrs the "curse of Is still one of the deadliest In Erin. English a i Ihese vicissitudes, continued steadily and all the eastern seaboard of Ireland i to be as Ihe English Pale.

Meantime, tho religious question had been brewing slnco the Reformation with Ulster becoming largely Protestant. This added to the perpetual Irish i Government by absentees authority as to the state and by absentee landlord- Ism as to the land Itself, multiplied dlssntlsfaclions. An a i i a i i was effected between Ireland and England and In 1800 Irishmen entered the British parliament. a a the prosperity of the country waxed and there wan a tremendous Increase In population. Thnn, In 1848.

came tlio great a i There was a frantic, exodus, chiefly to America, and also the beginning of a strong home rule agitation. There had. been such agitation before-Robert Emmet's rebellion had been In 1803--but this was more pronounced and vital. Parnell was In tho commons. The Fenian Men were organized and there were Intermittent struggles In force.

The World war Itself could not check tho rebellion of 1916. A the war violence broke out more strongly a ever and Ireland was an assassination ground. Eamon de Valera, an American born Irishman, sot himself at tho head of a republic which rebelled agalnt the British crown. A much bloodshed homo rule was i a ac.hlovpd nnd carried to tho point of the oroctlon, by treaty of 11)21, of Ihe Irish Free State. The recurring rumors that Mr.

Andrew Mellon will not return to London as American Ambassador to the Court of St. James's makes It of Intoresf to survey what ho has done i his service In a post. Mr. Mollon presented Ills credentials to tho King on April 9. He ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS Washington Is tho world's greatest storehouse of nil kinds of knowledge.

You can draw on It free ot charge through our bureau. Any question of fact you may ask will be answered promptly lu a personal letter to you. Be careful to write clearly, give name and address, and enclose three cants for reply postage. Send your Inquiry to Th9 Helena Independent Information Bureau, Frederic J. Haskln, Director, Washington, D.

C. Q. How Inrne Is Governor Roosevelt's estato? M. A. A.

His estate at Hyde Park covers about 600 acres. Q. How old Is Ernest of (he Cincinnati J. T. A.

He was born on April G. at Oakland. Cal. Q. Why is lio word Philippine spelled with a nncl Filipino with an T.

W. P. A. The Philippine Islands were named originally "Islas Flliplnas" in honor of Philip II of Spain. When this name became translated into English, it was spelled with a "ph" Instead of an Tho term "Filipino." ae applied to the inhabitants, has still been retained In its Spanish form.

Q. Who in the fnrnier labor candidate for president? K. A. Jacob S. Coney of Pennsylvania has been nominated for president on farmer-labor ticket.

Q. When vns the fnct of bird mlprntlon first recognized? A. A. In an article called "New Light on Bird Migration" Wltmer Stone of the Academy of a a Sciences says: "The pemi-nnnua! i a i of birds has attracted the a i of a i from tho earliest days. In the Old Testament we read the words of the prophet.

i a stork In the heaven knoweth her appointed Mmes. and the (I. p. turtle dove), and the crane, and the swallow observe time of i Tloth Homer and Aristotle refer to the the latter discussing it at length and advancing the theory of i a i to account for ouddon appearance and i a a a of certain birds." Q. Where dltl Irtnho get Its nnmp nml what does II mean? E.

Tt. A. I a Is from tho Shoshonee I i a and means "Look, the sun is coming down Q. TTow Inrjje WAS the emerald Morn by Colombia's representative nt Intenmtloniil beauty pnfje- mit? 1). V.

A. The a almost six carats and Is one ot most perfect ever mined In a country. It set In a nlso of Col i a i a pendant Is on a a i of the same a Q. What can ho clone to remove mat from MOVCH and stovepipes? 8. H.

A. Remove all by pcraplng or with a wire brush and a i i a good stovepipe enanuj! or graphite metallic paint. Q. When ivnn pnp lcs rat rcr- ORiilxntl? H. A.

Geilellcs. or the study of heredity and hereditary changes, was first recognized In 1900 when Hugo DeVrles. the Dutch scientist, discovered a published study mado by the A i a monk Oregon Hoh Mendel of his experiments In breeding peas In 1886. But the study, now recognized as one of the most thorough scientific experiments ever made and recorded, was published in an obscure Journal and lost to the world i Professor rjeVrles and recognized worth. Q.

How nuiny Rold mines ore there In the Vnlted States? S. T. A. There aro nearly 3.600 non- terrous mines at the present, and of these 2.134 are principally gold producers. Q.

Io ninny people change fholr names? K. R. K. A. Last year 200 men and women were authorized to change their names by the city courts of Manhattan.

About an equal number received permission from the state supreme court In New York county, making total ot more than 500 who changed their names In Manh a a alone In 1931. Q. Whnt arc tlic natural me. mles of iiiosqiilloes? F. H.

A. The common goldfish and silverflsh destroy mosquito larvae and should be put in artificial ponds. Top-minnows of several species havo been Introduced successfully In several localities and feed on larvae. There are a a a a i insects a feed upon larvae while others catch the adults. Certain birds prey on tho adults, and bats cat them.

Q. Where was Oscar Wilde hurled? K. W. A. At first he was buried by i friend.

Robert Ross. In a crave which was leased for few years In a Cemetery. Paris. a largely Ross' a a rcstlng-placn was secured for the writer In the Peru Lachaise. Q.

Dons the president's rnmp ill TtApldnn belong to the government? E. P. S. A. President Hoover's Tlapldan camp was purchased by him and developed at his own expense, i the exception of certain road work which was by i State." marines who would otherwise have been disengaged i a i (lie president nrrorrUng to established preredcnt.

President Hoo- vcr has declared his I i of i the camp, at the expira- i of his term of i as a froo i government Q. Whore will fho Chry'nnthr- mnni srx-iply meet (hN yejir? Who Is HIP pre.slilrnt? P. R. S. The a Sociotv of America will havo Its next an- a meeting from Nov.

S-10. 13.12'. at 0. The president Is Charles rare nf Ml. Orcenworri association, Chicago.

111. 0. What WAS the clrrulAtlon ol dally newspapers In 1000? E. R. F.

A. Tho i a i of papers in a a a 1B.102.1 5fi. Your Daily Health Service Chronic Disease Increase Gives Doctors New Problem By DR. MORRIS FISBfRKIN Kdlter. of thf American A A A 0 t.t YlrC lleillh i the Physicians everywhere are real- i i a the big problem of medicine todfly Is not so the control of a dlftcnsa as the csre of chronic, disease.

A chronic disease Is any condition lasting for three months or more which pre- the a i from i his customary a i a which necessitates medical or nursing care at home or In an I i i In the a of Xew a special Investigation was a with a view to i i exactly how serious the problem Is. Five chronic diseases Recount for sailed for this July 20. Therefora, he has a a been on the Job three months and 11 days --one might almost refer to Ills services as the crjulvalent of Napoleon's Hundred Days. Mr. Mellon has not shaken the world as tho Corslcan did In that i but his record Is not i Interest.

Briefly, he accomplished Ihe following: A i n--Presented credentials. April 15--Spoko at the Pilgrims' Society i a snld he believes In capitalism. Not surprise expressed. 5--Drank whlsky-and-soda at the Lord Mayor's luncheon--remarkable because, the drink was smelted by the W. C.

T. U. tn New Orleans. May 6--Told British bankers not to sell America short. British financial Journals responded with a Bronx cheer.

Juno 1--Drank rnd wine nt dinner of English-Speaking Union. Told diners Scarfaco Al Capono Is not a typical A i a 2--Wore knee bre.cchos at. tho Derby dinner. 20--Sailed. a wo believe, Is the lint--oh, good heavens, no! Somewhere--wo havo lost tho exact date--ho por- formod a real I a i a sorv- Ic.e.

He welcomed Amelia ICarhart and had his picture a with her. On tho whole, nit duties of ambassadors aro regarded nowadays, Mr. Mellon seems to havo don'o prntty well. And tho ontry, "All. amb.

to Court of St. James's, 1932," will hereafter look Impressive In his r.k«lr.h In "Who's Who." --Baltimore Sun, more a HO per cent of Hie pat i care of a agencies. i i i i I 1 or Hie a 1 7 a i i a i 12.1 a i a a shock. 1 1 2 a a i a S.H a paralysis a a i 2 per The i diseases are a diseases of i age and beyond 20 per cent of 1 i chronic dlse.ases*ar« less a 41) and SO per cent aro beyond 4 0 The reason why chronic disease Is becoming so more, i i i cant Is the fact a tho nvorifgp. expectancy of Is Increasing.

Moro people i i longer create more degenerative, disease. There Is more cancer today because cancer Is essentially a disease, of a a i years and people, who formerly died of the acute Infectious diseases now live to die of cancer. In a discussion of chronic disease Dr. E. P.

Boaz pointed out that tho economic and social factors are as significant, as the medical factors. Even a poor or needy person can ordinarily recover from the effects of an acute disease. In fact, a of tho ac.uto infpe- llous diseases follow a i i course and aro self-limited. Tn a chronic disease the cost of medical attendance, medicines and special food becomes great and Ihe life of every person In tho family Is modified by the necessity of caring for tho sick. Therefore, big problem In relationship to chronic disease Is not so much cnre of tho pn- tlent with chronic disease ns tha prevention of such diseases.

It has been that Oarly diagnosis, suc.h as may bo made by regular a i a i and propnr oaro given early In tar more lo prevent tlio a of chronic disease Ihoy any other nionsuro. Nevertheless, I con- i Increase, In such diseases shows that I vast a i of people, havo not Icarnod thin lesson. It Is becoming more, and morn Important to provide suitable bods In hospitals for tho care of with chronic disorders. i two automobiles Isn't sr. pleasant now.

The fllllnn station opsrator always fusses when you aik i to split a News, MEWSPAPEJRl.