Steuben Republican from Angola, Indiana • Page 3

Subscription Ra te 7 $1.50 the Year, FEUB REPUB CAN Taylor Phone No 29 Farmer Phone 27 ANGOLA INDIANA. WEDNESDAY. SEPT. 5. 1906.

EN i in fam, HELMER NEWS. Steuben County Teachers. The list of teachers for the schools of Steuben county is now complete and is as follows: For ThnA PoorBlood Angola Bank, ANGOLA. IND. G.

R. Wickwire, Cashier. Transacts generai banking, exchange and collection business. Accounts solicited. Interest paid cn time deposits as per agreement.

Simon P. Wallick Was born in Bedfor.l Fb. 4tb, 1826. He was the oldest if nine children, three boys and six itiri-. Of tb is family ooe sister died in infancy, aod there survive him ODe brother, David of Kansas, and three sisters, Mrs.

Julia Ubl, and Mrs. Elva Boital. of Leavenworth, and Mrs. Susie Southern, of Tama Cx, Iowa. In the spring of 1827 bis parents moved to Tuscarawas Ohio, ami in a yeir after to Holmes county and settled on a farm near There with his parents be had the ys and hardships of pioneer life.

Being the oldest child, much of the heavy work in clearing the farm an 'i caring for the family came to him when he was quite voung. He remained at home until he was 25 years old. Jan. 20. 1 S51, he was united in ruir-rage with Sarah Ann Snuffer.

After a son and daughter nad id d-d to Benjamin Nichols "Was born in the state of Ohio, March 12, 1S34, and died at his home in Angola, September 2, aged 72 years, 5 months and 21 days. lie came to this county with his parents when but a small boy and located in Scott township. On July 30th, 1805, he was united in marriage witli Mary M. Reek. To this union were born three children, Solomon Nichols of Scott township, Samuel Nichols, of Mishawaka, and Lottie Straw, of Angola.

In 18o! lie moved to Fremont, Indiana, and engaged in different lines of merchandise business. Iu he removed to Scott township, and there resided until 1904 when he moved to Angola and remained until his death. Mr. Nichols was a member of a large farnilj and an early settler of this county, furnishing a great deal of hard labor towards clearing the land, lie had but little opportunity for schooling, as the environments for education were poor, and there being buUtwo boys in the family the most of his boyhood days were devoted to work in the clearing. At one time in their small country, log home he experienced the sadness of the entire family lying sick and in an almost helpless condition except one small sister, who was spared to care for the rest.

He was not a member of any church, but a true christian in heart, believing in everything that was just and right, ne was a kind father and always ready and willing to assist in caring for the sick or needy. He had a kind greeting for all and will be greatly missed by a large circle of friends. Mr. Nichols was a carpenter by trade and a complete master of his profession. He was a volunteer sol I Try it on the Goal Range It is the only self-shininn stove polish for coal stoves, the best screen enamel and f.jvt ripeenamel saves work and Tnney; ki'ls If your dealer hasn it Culendcr Hardware Company has.

always at te-ichers' meeting Friday nikihtand before his class tin Sunday; always at meetings of the rticial board; always at his class meeting-; always at two preaching services on Sunday and at prayer Thursday night. We do not say that he ha 1 a rule to be there, or an inientioo. with occasional or frequent latses. ut be was there. There coiiid be ess so important as his duty tnere.

But brother Wallick was notouiy thus faithful in christian service, but, be devoted his sjbstauce in the same exact, righteousness. His obligations to the ministry, the current of the church were helu superior to Hi ot hers. He was always in the front, rank in regular contributions, hi meeting dt-neieocies, in miking improvements aiidin paying church debts, ofte i at great sacnliie of cherished pians for personal pleasure ami profit. In these high ideals both in service and devotion of substacce, there was perfect agreement between hitu and the companion of his last, forty years of life. Never did two walk together in more perfect accoid in ail things that make for righteousness.

Surely here is a clear case for the "abucdaot eotiance These are among tbem of the world was not worthy." Are we surprised that there was never a ciouu on his Spiritual Sky, but an intense longing to be released? "Let me die the death of tbe righteous and let my last end be liKe His." Why Suffer With Piles? My patrons know that my guarantee is good and when I sav that, 1 guarantee Dr. Colwell's Egyptian Pile Cure to cure any case of piles, you may know that it wiil do it. If it fails to satisfy you I will pay you back tbe purchase price. II. E.

Kkatz. A man who can make an after-dinner speech, but won't, is less tiresome than a man who can't but will. Ask any "Jap'' that you may see. "Why the C.ar. with Bar behind," had to climb a tree.

The Yanks. God bless the Yanks, says he, They gave us Rocky Mountain Tea. H. E. Kratz.

When a lazy man comes home to supper he likes to tell his wife how hard he worked all dav. Of Interest to Many. Foley's kidney Cure will cure any case of kidney or bladder trouble that is not beyond the reach of medicine. No medicine can do more. Anyway, the pessimist doesn't bore us half to death with his alleged jokes.

For any pain, from top to toe, from any cause, apply Dr. Thomas' Ec'ec-tric oil. Pain can't stay where it is used. 37 A woman often finds it hard to preserve her fruit and her temper at the same time. Itching, bleeding, protruding or blind piles yield to Doan's Ointment.

Chronic cases soon relieved, finally cured. Druggists all sell it. 31 Philosophy is a code of laws by which your neighbor would live if he had a bit of sense. Doan's Regulets cure constipation without griping, nausea, nor any weakening effect. Ask your druggist for them.

25 cents per box. 37 Love is blind but its sense cf feelingr is very acute. To Northern Michigan Resorts-Excursion tickets on sale by agents of the Lake Shore Sept. nth. Special train leaves Angola at 6:38 a.

m. Round trip rate to Bay View. Charlevoix, Petoskey, Traverse City Sio.00; Mackinaw Island $1.00 higher. Is your soil wearing out? Then read The Weekly Inter Ocean the only weekly newspaper that has a special department devoted to "Soils and Soil Culture." Only $1.75 forThe Weekly Inter Ocean and this paper each one year. tf; FOR SALE.

We have a good list of farm lands, town properties, lake lots and cottages and also some good business propos-tions. tf French Ward. $1.50 gets the Republican one year. Cures 6cldsi Pravants titamKta FRED KOMP Local Editor Passenger trains go west at 5:55 and 11:06 a. and east 2:53.

and 6:40 p. m. Mrs. Daniel Roop is very poorly. Emeline Shade remains about the same.

Born, to Mr. and Mrs. Geo.Emerick. August 30. a daughter.

Harmon Dillman and wife, of Hud-1 son, were in town Saturday. James Haines and family are witli relatives in the southern part of the State. Mrs. Ada Fergurson. of Hudson, was the guest of her parents here Suuday.

The potato crop in this vicinity was 1 greatly damaged by the big rain of! August 2l. Ira Rowe has continued the cement walk in front of the hardware. Let the good work go on. About eighty people attended the Shipe reunion at the home of John Shipe south of town last Saturday. Mrs.

A. Belote and daughter, of Three Rivers, visited her brother, II. E. Barker, and family last week. Wm.

Krehl's mother died last Saturday in her 91st year. Interment in Lutheran cemetery south of town Monday. A Scientific Wonder. The cures that stand to its credit make Bueklen's Arnica Salve a scientific vonder. It cured E.

R. Mulford, lecturer for the Patrons of Husbandry. Waynesboro, of a distressing case of piles. It heals the worst burns, sores, boils, ulcers, cuts, wounds, chilblains and salt rheum. Only 25c at II.

E. Kratz's drug store. A "Turner" Story. Very few London dealers indeed are competent to judge Turner's works that is, without a cert i tied history. A lady acquaintance of mine had a large picture in her house which she had always regarded as a Turner, and, desiring to sell it, she offered it to' rive or six of the leading dealers, but not one of them would buy it at any price, asserting that Turner never saw It and that it was nothing like his work, and so ou.

A few months afterward a document turned up among her family papers showing that the picture had been specially painted by Turner for her husband's father, and in a week she had sold the work for 2,250. The average dealer is almost frightened to touch a Turner, and you seldom or never see one exposed for sale in the galleries. Chambers' Journal. A Lively Tussle with that old enemy of the race, constipation, often ends in appendicitis. To avoid all serious trouble with stomach, liver and bowels, take Dr.

King's New Life Pills. They perfectly regulate these organs, without pain or discomfort. 25c at II. E. Kratz, druggist.

The Rhinoceros Bird. Among the birds not commonly found is the rhinoceros bird, from the Transvaal, liuffel pikker is its Dutch name. Its hr.bits are remarkable and its plumage unusual. Small flocks accompany most of the large antelopes, the buffaloes and the rhinoceroses in South Africa and run all over the creatures' bodies, picking off flies and insects. When an enemy approaches the buff el pikkers sit in a line with heads raised on the back of the animal they are attending, like sparrows on a roof ridge, and signal "'the enemy in sight." The plumage is curiously close, umform and compact, so much so that the bird has an artificial look, as if covered with painted satin and not with feathers.

The general tint of the body is cinnamon brown, with yellow beak and legs, giving the color effect of a brown and yellow iris. When you have a cold it is well to be very careful about using anything that will cause constipation. Be particularly careful about preparations containing opiates. Use Kennedy's Laxative Honey and Tar which stops the cough and moves the bowels. Sold by H.

E. Kratz. A naturalist says that every time a farmer shoots a hawk he throws a fifty dollar bill in the fire, for though the bird takes an occasional chicken, it destroys at least a thousand rats, mice and moles every year. Not a bird that fles is of more benefit to the farmer. Dyspepsia is America's curse.

Bur dock Blood Bitters conquers dyspepsia every time. It drives out impurities, tones the stomach, restores perfect digestion, normal weight, and good health. 37 A good way to strengthen the imagination is to acquire a piece of real estate and then offer it for sale. A bluff is all right as long as you can keep the neighbors from seeing It in daylight. Good for the cough, removes the cold, the cause of the cough.

That's the work of Kennedy's Laxative noney and Tar the original laxative cough syrup. Contains no opiates. Sold by H. E. Kratz.

anuola CHOOLS. ishofkley Huuh Aokley Lulu K.utul Falrrit-M Miimi St-hoviUe Parish Marshall Wllleimar arter Sarah WK-ofl" Jrare French Palsy Hurkett A llct Mathews uy er I.miise Iiieman TOWN OF FKEMOXT. (' lleitz Olive IlinU 1M mlsun Nettie Moore Zoe Wlrolt" 'oru Fox HAMILTON. AHurr .1 Collins Watkins Clarence I'avis It-la Kirk Ilttth Ktcp TA I.ar.cn Aalia Whitney Killa Fox PLEASANT LAKE, l.un powers iertrude Hllxrt ZHIah Harpham MiMrcil limit iniisoN. lt a Ha vis Hcrnict Mimiitz diot selectedi FLINT.

I.j 1- Shank Clara Hmerson JAMESTOWN VILLAOE. Isaac Heck holt Allie Ikxlie MILLOKOVE. Mini Klle Marsh Hazel Dudley Jamestown. l.ois Collins Vtilu YaiiAuki-ii Ilfssie Terry Helena Oommel Hazel Koilaers Fi; EJION'T. Itnhy Williams Frank Kdna Newman Malph MoKIhenie CLEAK LAKE.

Walter Throop Frank Ilaiuly Ida Chandler Kay Throop YORK. faille rrandeherrv Ora sickles Kvilo Oaskill Klsie A 11 man Dtssa frain Jeorte Letts tiny Hopper K'lis Partee Ha Hie Powers Floyd smith SCOTT. Wava Tusker fury Covell Sadie McCnrrty Pert ha Perlien PLEASANT. Lizzie Baxter Uraee Laird Ana Beil Hersehell McKinlev Hell Stevens Kertha Crain Orace Crain JACKSON. John OuKterhout Alujah It.

Parsell Mabel Luton SALEM. Hattie Parsell Sarah Pavis Fred Mott Jesse McOughen Tellie Wisel Klsie Wisel Irma Parr Myron Mark ley I.eHoy Hovarter Verda McClellan Maude Skelly Nellie Clink Edith Kettering STEUBEN. WalterC. Mortorfl" Ford Peller Faye Lacey Kuth Closson OTSEGO. Clara Schmeiser Helle White Ethel Hrown Kvalena Uood Carl Peachey Hoy (Jilbert RICHLAND.

Harry Aldrich Lloyd Dally C. Egbert Otto Stlefel Hattie Hobinett In these days of rush and hurry courtesy is often forgotten. In the mad, pell mell rush of our life little things are done to offend that we rather remained undone. A hastily eaten meal and its resultant headache may cause us social or financial loss. The wise man or woman is the one who relieves little ills of this sort by a little dose of Kodol For Dyspepsia.

It digests what you eat and puts your stomach back into shape. Sold by II. E. Kratz. Onr Foolish Alphabet.

Why, think of it! We've not even reputable alphabet. The letters are all tangled up. is when it isn't and more than half the time is doing duty for I. is sometimes Is and poor is always either or K. We've got four distinct ways to express the sound gn, pn, kn and four ways to write the terminal syllable "er" er, ar, or and ir; five ways to sound the letters "ough" ufif, awf, ow, oo and o.

And there are no rules. Each of the myriad cases must be separately hammered Into a student's head. And this is work for babes! Mary Bronson Hartt In Woman's Home Companion. A bath cleanses the skin and rids the pores of refuse. A bath makes for better fellowship and citizenship.

Not only should the outside of the body be cleansed, but occasional use of a laxative or cathartic opens the bowels and clears the system of effete matter. Best for this are DeWitt's Little Early Risers. Pleasant little pills that do not gripe or sicken. Sold by H. E.

Kratz. Cnldly Described. "So you dun't envy any of the world's jnen of genius?" "No," answered Mr. Cumrox. I admire them, but I don't envy 'em.

A genius is a iaan who gets a monument after he's dtad instead of three square meals a day while he's living." Washington Star. Piles positively cured with Dr. Snoop's Magic Ointment. It's made for piles alone and it does the work to perfection. Itching, painful, protruding or blind piles, disappear like magic.

Sold by H. E. Kratz. The devil is the best authority on the subject of getting something for nothing. Elcdcl Of spspsia Guro what yen eat You can trust a medicine tested 60 years! Sixty years of experience, think of that! Experience with Ayer's Sar-saparilla; the original Sarsa-parilla; the Sarsaparilla the doctors endorse for thin blood, eak nerves, general debility.

Rut ftpn thi ctstkI rl tnfdioine cuntiot do it work it tti liver is in.toiive ami the I b.Nf is tor tlie ln.Ht possible re tmi shmiM take Uiaiivf of A jrcr's Pills hile takiiip the Sarsapantia. Xtds t- J. P. Art" to well, XTss. Also manufacturers of 7 MR VIGOR.

yers A01E CtUE. CHERRY PECTORAL. We hare no secrets! We publish the formulas of all our medicines. PLUMBING, Heating, Tin Work, Repairing We do all kinds of tin work, make stove pipe to order, repair gasoline stoves, make estimates and plans for heating and plumbing, etc. Prices are Consistent With the Best Work.

HARDING CARPER Angola, Indiana. First McLouth Reunion, Amen. On August 1906, fifty gathered at the beautiful home of B. F. Gow-throp, one-half mile east of the waters of Clear Lake.

After a bountiful repast a very fine program was rendered, in which tears were shed, fun expanded and hopes more than realized. Mrs. Mary F. Gowthrop gave the address of welcome: Mrs. Jane Cheney the genealogy of the McLouths; an excellent letter from Volney Powers was read by Mrs.

F. Puguid. Reading of scripture, prayer, songs, recitations, prevailed largely. A big chap took for a text, "Tis sweet to court a girl, but oh how bitter, to spark a girl and then not get her." On the strength of this he delivered a poetical recitation sermon that produced volumptuous laughter. Mrs.

Mary F. Gowthrop, aged 74, was elected president for life; B. McLouth, secretary, and Mrs. Edna Judson, committee on program. God be with you 'till we meet again, was sung.

Benediction by Rev. Smith, of Ray, who also gave a fine talk. Adjourned to B. M. Mc-Lcuth's home in Bay, there to meet Aug.

30, 1907. Indiana, Ohio and Michigan had representatives at this reunion. B. M. Pain from a Born Promptly Relieved by Chamberlain's Pain Balm.

A little child of Michael Strauss, of Vernon, was recently in great pain from a burn on the hand, and as cold applications only increased the inflamation. Mr. Strauss came to as. N. Nichols, a local merchant, for something to stop the pain.

Mr. Nichols says: "I advised him to use Chamberlain's Pain Balm, and the first application drew out the inflammation and gave immediate relief. I have used this liniment myself and recommend it very often for cuts, burns, strains and lame back, and have never known it to disappoint." For sale by II. E. Kratz.

Chinese Cologne. The Chinese ladies have an odd kind of cologne that is to say, they constantly have upon their person a small bag of sweet smelling gum similar to that whiiii was used by the ancient Egyptian women. Numerous costly Jars recently unearthed at Pyramida contain the cosmetics and perfumes which were used by Egyptian princesses, all of which bear a resemblance to those iu vogue today among Chinese ladies of Vie highest rank. A Lesson in Health. Healthy kidneys filter the impurities from the blood, and unless they do good, this health is Impossible.

Foley's kidney cure makes sound kidneys and will positively cure all forms of kidney and bladder disease. It strengthens tie whole system. It's time to cross your fingers when you hear a man boasting of his good deeds. The laxative effect of Chamberlain's Stomach and Liver Tablets is so agreeable and so natural you can hardly realize it is produced by a medicine. These tablets also cure indigestion and bllliousness.

Price 25 cents. Samples free at IT. E. Kratz's drug store. Steuben County Bank Established July 1, 1SS9.

Incorporated under the State Banking Laws October 30, 1903. Paid up Capital $40,000 Surplus 2290 J. A. Croxton. President, O.

Carver, Vice IT. K. Scott. Cashier, R. J.

Carpenter, Ass't. DIRECTORS John A. Croxton. Orville Carver, II. K.

Scott. Heinan F. Carpenter, Daniel Shank. WE SOLICIT TOUR BCSIXESS, Interest paid on time deposits. Loans made at low rate of interest.

FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF ANGOLA Prompt attention given to matters entrusted to our care. $50,000 OFFICERS Ctbtjs Oline President E. S. Croxton Vice President Clakkxce Freeman Cashier J. B.

Paksell Asst. Cashier DIRECTORS Cyrus Cline, Emmet S. Croxton F. B. Humphreys, J.

F. Cameron, Lawrenoe Gates, Geo. E. Mallory, Theo. F.

"Wood, John Harpham, Charles W. Wickwire. We Solioit Your Business. Clarence Freeman, Cashier. It May Seem So But a few months -will convince you that it pays to have your suits made by the local tailor.

The cost may be a trifle more, but it will be money saved, and then the satisfaction of having clothes that fit and stay fit. Order vour suits of PEtER JACOB, The Reliable Tailor, CROXTON BLOCK. Dr. Bolans' success In his svstem of Rectal Treatment and Rectal Medication is now unquestioned, Blind, Bleeding-, Protruding and Itching Piles, Fistula Fissure and Rectal Ulcerations, no matter how bad or of how long standing-. Cure guaranteed in everr case Trtthont the use of knife or ligatures, and no detention from business.

Constipation, in most erery case, is a sure symptom of rectal trouble, and is positively cured by Dr. Bolan's System of Rectal Medication. Kidhev, Bladder and Urinary Diseases, Stomach, Liver, Blood and Skin Diseases also cured. 25 years In the general practice of medicine and 20 years as a Specialist in Piles and Rectal Diseases, enables the Doctor to treat all chronic diseases succesefully. CONSULTATION AND EXAMINATION FREE At Hotel Hendry, Friday and Saturday, September 7 and 8.

Juak Wasted! Will pay in cash for Iron, per 100 Rubber, per lb. 5c Copper, per lb 10c Brass, per lb 10c tow F. dier in the civil war being a member of company C. 12th Indiana cavalry. His life has been one of fairly good health and activity until about five months ago when he became afflicted with a combination of ailments which rendered him a constant sufferer about seven weeks previous to his death.

He leaves to mourn their loss a widow, three children and four grand chil dren. The funeral services were held at the home Tuesday p. m. at 2:30. Interment at Circle Hill cemetery.

The funeral services were conducted by the Rev. John Humfreys of the First Congregational church. Letter to Mr. Cass Smith, Angola, Ind. Dear Sir: We manage to get some fun out of paint.

J. H. Kohlmeyer, Grove City, put-in Devoe. Along came a salesman of somebody else's paint before ours had got there. Salesman said ours was short-measure.

Kohlmeyer weakened, hung-fire and flopped; stopped ours and took his. It was our turn now. We emptied our can into his and his into ours. The short-measure was his, not ours; and we kept our man. And, ever since then, that paint-manufacturer gives full-measure: his paint is not pure, but his gallon contains four quarts.

Go by the name: and the name to go by is DeVoe lead-and-zinc. Yours truly, Devoe Co 2 New York and Chicago P. S. B. B.

Goodale sells our paint. Nickolas Helmick, Was born July 16, 1841, in Wayne county, Ohio, and died at his home in Pleasant Lake, August, 20, 1906, of kidney trouble, aged 65 years, 1 month and 4 days. From Ohio he removed to Michigan where he remained but a short time coming to Salem, Steuben county, in 1860, and on Dec. 24, 1860, was united in marriage to Miss Mary Hollister. To them were born born seven children, three boys and four girls.

He leaves besides his companion but one aaughter of the seven children to mourn his loss. This daughter is Mrs. Dan Palmiter, of Reading, Mich. Besides these he leaves four sisters and one brother. Mr.

Helmick had been in poor health about three years but had only been confined to the bed since Aug. 6, until his death. During the last two weeks he suffered a great deal. Mr. Helmick was a kind neighbor and good citizen and besides his relatives leaves many friends who honorrJiis memory.

Doctors are Puzzled. The remarkable recovery of Kenneth Mclyer, of Vanceboro, is the subject of much interest to the medical fraternity and a wide circle of friends. He says of his case "Owing to severe inflammation of the throat and congestion of the lungs, three doctors gave me up to die, when, as a last resort, 1 was induced to try Dr. King's New Discovery and I am happy to say, it saved my life." Cures the worst coughs, colds, brodchltls, tonsil-itis, weak lungs, hoarseness and la-iijpe. Guaranteed at H.

E. Kratz's drug store. 50c and tl.00. Trial bottle free. the family circle, he moved to Will-lams Ohio, and bought a trm in the woods on St.

Joe river. There he built a It cibin and began atrain tbe life of a pioneer. Inside of three years the babv boy thev had brought to this new home, was taken away, July, 185S, twin babies came to the borne, but one of them was taken In three months and the other In three years and less than three months death entered atrato taking the ten year old girl. Then 1d-deed was the home desolate, bereft of its children. Two years later John, tbe only surviving child was born, but in lees than two years more the mother who bad been an earnest christian since girlhood was taken and John was placed in tbe care of grandmother Wallick In June, 1SGC, Mr.

Wallick married Mrs. Emeline Thomas, bis now bereft widow, and John was brought back and the home re-established. A new house was Jilt and the work of improvement went steadily on for 25 years. In 1391 the farm was placed in the care of John and family, consisting of wife aad daughter, the only grjnd-child of Mr. Wallick.

Mr. and Mrs. Wallick then moved into the borne of Mrs. Wallick's aged father, where they remained fur four years, or until they came, Feb. 14th, 1895, to Aogola, where they resided until his death, Aug.

29th, 1906. Mr. Wallick was a strong man both physically and mentally. His endurance of tbe hardships of pioneer life, bis persistent resistance of a deadly disease even at the age of 8J, would nis great bodily strengtn. Even this wasexcelled by the strength of his mind and will.

He bad limited opportunities for a school education. Beginning at the age of ten the boy attended several short subscription schools in Ohio, yet Mr. Wadick was educated in the broader sense, No one could be with him especially in those closing weeks of enfeebled life, without realizing himself in the presence of a strong and level-beaded man. Mr. Wallick was a man among men, universally esteemed for bis adherence to tbe cardinal virtues and acknowledged to be a6trictly good man.

But perhaps be was best known for bis faithful service of his Lord and Master and bis loyalty to tbe cburcn of God. Be ore leaving for his Will lam's county home, be united with tbe Methodist Episcopal church, aod soon after his log cabin- was constructed in the woods, a Methodist preacher came along and Bro. Wallick invited blm to preach in tbe new school bouse in tbe neighborhood. A class of seven members was organized, and this was tbe beginning of Bro. Wallick's official life wtlch continued without a break, except for a few months after coming to Aneola, until his translation or for about 50 years.

At tbe time of bis death he was a trustee and tbe "Dean" of tbe ten clas9 leaders of bis chur.b, and a teacher In tbe Sabbath There was never anythlDg "nomfnar' about Bro. Wallick's official positions or church membership. Except during tbe period of his recent illness, even in bis 80th, year be was '-5. i 1 1.