The Indianapolis Star from Indianapolis, Indiana • Page 28

PAGE 4 SEC 2 THE INDIANAPOLIS STAR- SUNDAY, JUNE 20, 1965 I II AVE A MOVEMEXT TO LEAD' Martin Luther King Is Loved, Hated But Many Are Moved When He Talks 9 lit, t-? (From a dingy office In Atlanta, a 36-year-old Baptist preaches: "Love your enemies." But many hate him, and threaten his death. He's an unimpressive Negro with a "part Irish" grandmother. Some deride him "King-fish" and "De Lawd," but others call him "Leader" and "Moses." He's Martin Luther King, and when he speaks millions are moved. 1963 spilled outrage over the globe. "We must dramatize injustices," King has also said.

King lives with the threat of death. By telephone to his office, by letter the threats come; he is unaware of most of them, refuses a bodyguard and often drives to the office alone. He has a certain resignation about this. In an Albany church in 1962, after shots were fired into nearby Negro houses, he said: "That was the beginning of my determination to lead a bus boycott," he said. IN REALITY, he was then interested in law or medicine and it was two years later that he took up the ministry.

His move to Montgomery for his first pastorate in 1955 was only coincidental to what developed; the leadership of a bus boycott was thrust upon him. Despite the boycott, however, it took a court order to desegregate the buses. v' iK 1 mil AT ONE LOW PRICE maker. And many of his methods including deliberate violation of existing laws have been criticized by both whites and Negroes who support the civil rights movement. BUT HE has also been hailed around the world as a great leader of his people and he has won the Nobel Peace Prize.

Derisively, and by some Negroes, too, King is called "Martin Luther Coon," "Latter-Day Elmer Gantry" and worse. Amond his followers he is known as Dr. King. "The Leader," "Moses," and, at SCLC, ofterf "Mister President." Privately, King is sensitive to the derogatory names. He says he is also embarrassed by public praise, by being compared to Moses.

But "If I have to go through this to give the people a symbol. I am resigned to it." HE IS not an imposing figure. King is about 5-foot-6 and weighs about 120. He dresses trimly, usually In a dark suit. He is light-skinned "It seems my paternal grand- ftnffltfiiiiiiiiwni LIMITED TOGETHERNESS IN 1963 PHOTO Dr.

Martin Luther King And Wife, Coretta With Dexter On Her Lap, Martin Luther King III and Yolanda mother was part Irish." But the striking feature, and perhaps the major factor in King's success, is not seen but heard. It is his oratory. This is what stirs the mass meetings and the staid university halls. His closest companion and frequent jail mate, the Rev. Ralph D.

Abernathy, explains King's effectiveness this way: "ITS HIS ABILITY to articulate, to communicate, to place in words the longings, the dreams, hopes and aspirations of an oppressed people. He says it in an extraordinary way. He has the spirit and humility." King says he identifies with the masses. He marches with them, and goes to jail. He lives in a lower-middle income Negro area of Atlanta, and he lives modestly.

The house is spacious and comfortable. It is a considerable improvement over the red brick parsonage where King had lived since returning here in 1960 to become SCLC president and co-pastor, with his father, of Ebe-nezer Baptist Church. HIS CRITICS say that King lines his pockets from the movement he heads. He denies that. "My basic income is to $12,000 a year," he said.

SCLC pays him no salary because he will not accept it, he added. His income is $4,000 a year from the church, $2,000 more for parsonage allowance, and he supplements this with $5,000 to $6,000 from some of his numerous speaking engagements. "But 90 per cent of these are for the movement," King said. Income from his writings goes for the most part into SCLC the church and Morehouse College, he said. Wealth, he feels, would destroy his effectiveness.

"I could legitimately, with ease, make $100,000 to a year," King said. "I ha consciously avoided making money." King spends only about two nights a week at home with his family, his wife, ioo STYLES, SHAPES a tin nm noc V- BY DON McKEE Atlsnta (AP) Sliding comfortably down in his swivel chair behind a wooden desk piled with papers, Martin Luther King Jr. hung up the telephone and for a few minutes let the revolution run itself. "Iff not easy." He spoke In a Georgia drawl. "I know I have a movement to lead and I have to make many decisions.

I dont' know if they are all the right decisions." King talked of the pressures. Aside from criticism and opposition from outside the Negro movement, King said, he also has to keep a balance between the views of his own staff. "Some of these fellows want to wreck the world sometime," he said. He was half serious. If King, with his causal air, contradicts the stereotype of a revolutionary, his Small office in the Negro Masonic building on grimy Auburn Avenue, with its dingy green walls and bare floor, is (ven less like a command post.

But this is the eye of the storm the headquarters Qf the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. The storm swirls around Martin Luther King, 36 years old, Ordained Baptist minister, doctor of philosophy in theo-Ibgy, civil rights leader, pastor, husband and father. FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover once called him the most notorious liar in the country; Ex-President Harry Truman has labelled him a trouble- Two-Minute TO CHOOSE FR0MVJ urn 1 as a civil rights leader had "no right to go out and break the law." The Republican governor also said in a college commencement address: "I say to you that in a nation founded upon a constitutional form of government, which has processes by which we can change laws with which we disagree, we do not have the right to deliberately violate the law, no matter what our rank of life." King also aroused criticism recently by calling for an end to the Viet Nam war which he said is very dangerous because it keeps escalating. But King said he did not support a unilateral withdrawal by the U.S., only a stronger effort to negotiate a peaceful settlement.

King said he felt some responsibility in this field because of the Nobel Peace Prize he won. "We must take a serious hold on our foreign policy," he said. "If we do not change this 'big stick approach and turn the arms race into', a peace race, we are doomed to destruction." PUBLIC OPINION is his big weapon. In Alabama rallies, he shouted, "If they beat us now, they'll have to do it on Main Street in front of the television cameras." Pictures from Birmingham in Copyright 1965 The Kroger Co. A folks Bring The Whole Family! DON'T SETTLE FOR LESS THAN NATIONAL BRANDS BUY DIRECT FROM THE LABORATORY AND SAVE GUARANTEED FIRST QUALITY LENSES WHITE OR TINTED NATIONAL BRAND FRAMES PRESCRIPTION SUNGLASSES BIFOCALS, IF REQUIRED KRYPTOK.

ULTEX OR FLATTOP ONLY JS.98 ADDITIONAL SATISFACTION GUARANTEED BROKEN FRAMES REPAIRED OR REPLACED WHILE YOU WAIT LENSES DUPLICATED OCULIST'S PRESCRIPTIONS FILLED AT SAME LOW PRICE UNION MADE BY UNITED OPTICAL WORKERS LOCAL 853. AFL-CIO "IT MAY GET ME crucified. I may even die. But I want it said even if I die in the struggle that 'he died to make men Although his first experience as a jail occupant was unnerving that was in Montgomery in 1956 by 1962 he could relax. Then, in the steamy jail at Albany, he could lounge in silk pajamas on a bunk, read the newspapers and listen to a transistor radio.

King gets angry, but not often, and never publicly. "Every now and then he gets peeved and I get peeved," Coretta King says. "He can shout. Every now and then he'll blow up. He's learned to control this.

But he takes and takes and sometimes he just has to let off steam. "When we get in an argument, usually he just stops talking." TWO BLOCKS from King's office stands the two-story frame house where he was born Jan. 15, 1929. In the now busy Auburn Avenue he played as a boy and learned the racial facts of life. King raced through school, skipping the 9th and 12th grades and entering Morehouse College at 15.

He earned a Bachelor of Arts degree there, his Bachelor of Divinity at Crozer Theological Seminary and his Ph. D. from Boston University at the age of 26. In his final high school year he won an Elks oratorical contest and went to Val-dosta, on a bus with his teacher for the state finals in the Negro competition. RETURNING, he and the teacher violated custom by sitting near the front of the bus.

The driver ordered them to move to the back. "I insisted on staying," King recalled. "But after the situation got tense, my teacher urged me to move. "I ended up standing all the way to Atlanta." There was an edge of bitterness in his voice. Then he laughed.

Items Night, Rights Reserved un iddaiutuiut fcjrrccc GOODMAN BLDG. SUITE 401 30 W. Washington St. and prices in this ad June 22nd. But what King attained there 9 years and 6 months ago was the mobilization of Negro masses and recognition of himself.

The cohesive force was the Negro church, cor of the Negro social life. Now, nearly a decade later King is confident of the ultir mate end to discrimination. "We have come to the day," he says, "when a piece, of freedom is not enough for us as human beings, nor for the nation of which we are a part." 0 (J v7 adv Hours: 9 A.M. to 5:30 P.M. Daily' Including Wed.

and Sat. Open Thun. Nire 'til 8:30 P.M. Phone: ME kose 4-2661 effective thru Tues; Stamps 0 vHe Mystery Series Begins Monday in The Indianapolis News posure of judices. tensions and pre Influenced heavily by Gandhi and Thoreau, King preaches, "Love your enemies." He holds this concept: "All humanity Is caught in an inescapable network of mutuality, tied in a single garment of destiny.

AH life is interrelated. To the degree that I harm my brother, to that extent I am harming myself." Yet his crusades have left failures and ruin in some instances. Though his marches filled jails at Albany, they left segregation undented and a boycott destroyed the city bus line. Selma, suffered economically under a boycott. So have other communities.

St. Augustine, refused to accede to King's demands last year and watched much of its tourist lifeblood drain away. KING ARGUES that "non-co-operation with evil is as necessary as oo-operation with good," "something must be done to bring these people in line with the law" and "we must stop paying our dollars to be segregated." These tactics stir the hottest controversies. For, while King has pushed for white persons to comply with civil rights law, he himself in his civil disobedience campaigns has violated other laws on the grounds that there are just laws and unjust laws. "I think a law is just which squares with the moral law," King said, "and I think a law is unjust which is out of harmony with the moral laws of the universe." And what is the basis of determination? "ANY MAN who breaks the law that conscience tells him is unjust and willingly accepts the penalty by staying in jail in order to arouse the conscience of the community on the injustice of the law is at that moment expressing the very highest regard for law." King said he did not believe in defying or evading the law and its consequences.

He said he defends the right of segregationists to violate laws which offend their consciences if they willingly accept the penalty. "The fact is," he said, "that most of the segregationists and racists that I see are not willing to suffar enough for their beliefs and they are not willing to go to jail." BUT ALBANY, a dramatic testimonial of defeat for King, thwarted his direct action campaign and then under court order began desegregating schools and complied promptly, peacefully with the 1964 civil rights act. This proves, claimed former Albany mayor Asa D. Kelley that the proper approach was and is through legal channels. "Everything that has been gained by the Negro in Albany has been gained either through the courts or duly enacted law," said Kelley.

Although he conceded that demonstrations "had the effect of drawing attention of the people of the United States to problems of which some of them were unaware." KING'S METHODS also led to legislative action sooner than it would have come otherwise, Kelley said. "But the tactics are basically wrong if everybody with a grievance used King's tactics, we would have utter chaos like some of the South American countries." Recently, King was criticized by Governor Mark Hatfield of Oregon who said King EVERYDAY AT KROGER 1. Lower Prices Everyday 2. Special Prices Every Week 3. Top Value Stamps (your added savings) Coretta, and four children.

And his wife has begun traveling. A soprano, she sings in concerts for the movement. Mrs. King, 38, is a native of Alabama. She met King while he was studying at Boston University and she at the New England Conservatory of Music.

Their children are left much of the time with a housekeeper. The older two, Yolanda, 9, and Marty, 7, go to a Negro school because they were turned down at two private schools. The other children are Dexter, 4, and Bernice, 2. KING pushes for concrete gains in civil rights. He is often a diplomat; he will negotiate and compromise.

"We say we want all our freedom and we want it now," he said. "But realistically we know we aren't going to get it all now. We have these slogans." Political pressure has become a key part of his civil rights drive. "It is a political fact that politicians respond to pressure," he has said. The Alabama drive now under way is centered on political power for Negro masses.

KING CONTENDS his non-violent resistance, the marches and demonstrations that sometimes incur violence are the only alternative outlet to Negro frustration which otherwise would explode violently. Confrontation is the key word, he says, and nothing changes in the social order without the creation and ex- 18 Cousins Contest Estate Left To Dop; rainesville. O. (APV Eigh teen cousins of a woman who left an estate of $119,000 to a neighbor to care for her pet dog are contesting the will. Relatives of Mrs.

Edith Haeenbureer, a widow who died last Nov. 10, claim there Is "no reasocable relation ship between the amount of the estate and cost William H. Winfield, 29 years old, might incur while takmg care of Tuffy, a bulldog. Winfield. a woodcutter, was named her sole heir a month before Mrs.

Hagenburger died. Vatican Ties OKM Vatican City (AP) The Vatican and the Republic of Kenya have decided to estab lish diplomatic relations, the Vatican press office said yes terday. That will bring the number of countries having diplomatic relations with the Holy See to 54. 1 EtfAWr tliii coupon and i i ft jAVC $3 additional purehou Jn -1fl Margarine Eatmore hLb. Pkgs.

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