The Indianapolis Star from Indianapolis, Indiana • Page 42

THE i INDIANAPOLIS SUNDAY STAR, DECEMBER 13, 19k he wrote to them Incssantly. "Seldom ha there lived more tireless BOWEP.S SUSTAINS HIS REPUTATION BEVERIDGE and voluminous letter writer," Mr. Bower tells ff. Jefferson wrote on every subject, too his pen wa not confined to politics. Art and agriculture, science and literature.

Inven Later he denies knowledge of- the jdtuatlon, but hi letters, written at the tirn. show that he was fully advised. But no matter! The" tide of unrest rises democracy gathers strength, The bank Is created over Jefferson' protest; the commercial and financial "Interests" are catered to by Hamilton and the government; "stock-jobbing" lie learned It frijm the masters who created the mob and the guillotine In the heart of the "masses." These "masses!" With them Jefferson was an expert. "In his understanding of mass psychology, he hail no equal," unlike Hamilton, who did not understand "mas psychology" at all, a fatal lack in that most complex, subtle ami contradictory of all governments, a gov tONTINlEl' FROM FAGK OXK. tion and philosophy were subject of Robert Morris's partner, and, In her sixteenth year had married William Bingham, "who combined the advantages of wealth, social position and a capacity for political leadership." That wedding had taken place "In the midst" of the revolution, and when the capital had been established temporarily at Philadelphia.

Mrs. Bingham, not yet SO, was the social autocrat. She had "dazzled" Paris and other social centers when she and hr husband had visited Europe some years earlier. 1 "At Versailles, the, gallants accustomed to the way and wiles of the most accomplished women of fashion, were entranced. At The Hague, where fashion, tactful In the selection and placing of her guests at table, at.e richly earned the sceptre she waved so authoritatively over aoclety." Such are examples of the portraits with which Mr.

Bowers fills his gallery. And he essays the hazardous task of telling what was going on. in the mind and heart of those he pamts. He delineate characters, albeit sparingly and with caution, for Mr. Bowers has not the cock-surencss of those who, and without expertehco'of human beings In action and real life, analyze the souls of men and women In their studies.

I give little weight to such dissections of character by scholars or by anybody elsewho have no familiarity with the life of the persons and personages whose motives they profess to lav bare. How do they know what irtd he was badly beaten; forthwith he hastened home to his congressional district and, with view radically altered, ran for the House and squeezed through by no great majority. Thereafter opinions coincided with those of his constituents. No longer for him those Ideas of extreme national supremacy which he' had urged when the" constitution was being frameVJ instead he was now the ablest advocate, except Jefferson, of reserved powers and state rights. These fact may not explain hi political summersault, but facts they are and as such throw more light on the problenr than all the speculating that ever haf been done on the subject.

Mr. Bower' Qualifications. But if anybody has an excuse for Interpreting to us the characters of ernment of, by ami for the people. Rut! his informed Intelligent comment. Yet it was as a politician that he was supreme; "for every problem he had a solution.

He teemed with Ideas." Moreover, "he was a master of de. Also he knew how to raise money for party purposes. Then, too, he could be voiceless, his pen Inert, when he wished to say the wiser- of the modern bosses, he knew the virtue of These and a host of other, qualities made up the man who "undertook the organization of the force of democracy." Mr. Bowers flashes a final light on his portrait of "Democrat and aristocrat, and some she' lingered for a while, the members of the diplomatic corps fluttered about check bones, broad face, wide mouth, portruding chin, completed a faue, which, seemingly, and at1 first glance, revfaled "morn of benevolence than forge, more of subtlety than pugnacity', yet power and bellicosity were there. Jefferson's clothes were, plain an) lmple and so were his manners, which, "In that day of lace and frills," his political opponents called "coarse amj vulgar." Yet Mrs.

Smith found binj meek and mild, yet dignified In Jhia manners, with a voice so soft and low, with a countenance so benign and intelligent," that she was enchanted. Glance Was Shifty. lytit those, eyes! His glance was shifty "he had a rmnbjing, vacant Jefferson! "When incisure was passed or policy adopted in Philadelphia, he knew the reactions in the woods of Oeorgla, without waiting for letters and papers." lie knew (nen, too know individuals "intuitively, and when he wished, could use them for his purposes. In short, Jefferson had the qualities that niado hltn "the creitor and leader of a party," and events rapidly prepared materials for the us and placed them in the hands of the great politician. Hi-te Is hU mnnner of using what the gods pro the teasing charmer like moths about by which a more picturesque tale is told, while a clearer, truer, steadier light la thrown upon the matter.

The play moves swiftly. Hamilton ends to Congress his report on the public credit, one of the forcmqst state papers of history; public securities rise; fast galloping horses speed over the country, swift sailing ships skim over the sea, bearing those who hasten to buy government scrip supposed to be worthless by Innocent rural holders; an orgy of speculation ensues; fortunes are made in a day; members of Congress and Influential men acquire riches. Vast Is the discontent of the "inarticulate masses;" the old soldier has been "robbed;" the common man has been despoiled-4n the hearts of the people the seeds of radicalism are germinating, and soon recruits will be ready to answer the call of democracy when the leader of the "down-trodden" raises hi standard and give the word. But the time is not ripe and as yet the hand of Jefferson is motionless, hig voice unheard. On Debt Assumption.

'Assumption by the nation of the debts of the states arid more discontent, more strength to the slow-gathering power of democracy. But still the of protest has' not struck. Then, too, Jefferson wants the capital to be located on the Potomac; bo he and Hamilton' rriake the famous deal by which the seat of government is established there and assumption en the flame. In the court circles of England she suffered nothing In com was going on In the mind of another? How can they tell whether a given ac tion was inspired by this motive; or parison with the best it could oner. Five years of familiarity with crease.

Sullen murmur arise from the multitude. i.An excise tax is levied, on whisky among other things. Sharp dissatisfaction results and, among the farmers of western developes In to physical defiance; Washington calls out troops and Hamilton rides with the soldiers to the scene of insurrection, which Is quelled as to open resistance, but not tn the hearts of men. More nourishment; for democracy. The French revolution caused precisely the same reaction in England and America tfcat the Russian revolution has recently produced in the same countries; and In Parliament, Burke made a ferocious assault upon the French irruption.

Paine answered in his celebrated essay, "The Bights of Man." Its contents were read by or told to every man and, woman In the linked States. No more effective propaganda for-Jefferson's" purposes could have been devised. St. Clair is defeated because corrupt contractors failed to supply provisions, medicines, and the silent anger of the the leaders ol the world of European fashion and politics prepared her to that? Perhaps It was the result of many considerations cr cf forces thnt the characteranalylst never thoiignt or heard of. Why Madison Changed.

times autocrat; philosopher and politician; sentimentalist arid utilitarian; artist, naturalist and- scientist; thinker, dreamer and doer; Inventor1 preside with stunning success over the most famous political drawing vided: "He had a genuls for gently and imperceptibly insinuating his own room ef the Amerlcal capital. look," and gazed at the wajls or ceil- views Into the minds of others and politicians and statesmen, Mr. Bowers has, for he has had experience inti- Sate, wide and prolonged, experience, a has been "in the game" is In the game now, for that matter, or at least looking on from a singularly advantageous posltipn. So he speaks with the authority of close contact therefore hi caution, always buttresses inference with fact. Even so, this historical psychoanalysis is risky business.

I prefer the more laborious method of searching out all the facts-all of them arranging them in natural order and in lust Drnnortlnn anrt leaving them with the Impression that ina "anywhere but at the eye of his auditor." This was a defect. Mr. Iiojvers confesses; but, after all, it niay have bepn clue to his -dlllidence, for, "he was notoriously shy." till he TinascRaed "nn ineffuble charm:" and he 'always was "courteous and kindly through them, revealing motives and Trigs and Parasite. Here, then, was Mrs. William Bingham In her in Philadelphia," entertaining "the gaudy prigs and parasites" of Europe, as a French critic described them, as well as the notable In American public life.

She bewitched them all. Hers was the type of patrician beauty that shimmered. She was above the medium height and well formed, and In her carriage there was sprlghtllness, dignity, elegance and distinction. Sparkling with wit, bubbling with vivacity she had tho knack of convincing tliH mint hnneless vokel. in cnaracter, and interpreting events.

At any rate, it is a safer process and one For example Why did Madison suddenly change from a'more extreme nationalist than Hamilton himself, and become, overnight, a pronounced Jef-fersonlan? Reams of speculation have been written to explain that metamorphosis. Perhaps all those explanations are accurate, but perhaps none of them are. One group of facts, is worth all such imaginings; they may not be the cause of Madison's about-face, but, at least, they actually happened. Madison was a candidate for the Senate Immediately after his great and barely successful fight for the ratification of the constitution In the Virginia convention of 1788; he was an ultra nationalist, well-nigh a the chain Dion of the CONTINUED ON PAGE THREE. and scholar; writer and statesman, he enthralled his follower and-fascinated while Infuriating his Sketches of Character, -A good deal of Mr.

Bowers' engaging; volume Is given to sketches of the prominent, characters In his drama of the time, to Ames and Jackson and (Jlles and Sedgwick and Adams and Pickering and many others. For the canvas is crowded or, "rather, the stage filled with figures of many varieties, acting many parts. And women are ainowj them, lovely women of high station and pudgy, pretentious women -and also elusive adventuresses. Here is a picture of one of the first order: "Nonc of the three capitals of the country have produced another social leader of the cleverness, audacity and regality of Mrs. Bingham of Philadelphia." The scene has been shifted now, and the act in which this lady appears is In that town.

She had been a Miss Willing, the daughter of they had conceived the idea and had convinced Jefferson. He wag tile original 'Easy His tact was proverbial. He never sought to overshadow or overawe. Inferior men were not embarrassed In his presence. He was amazingly thoughtful and considerate," Not for Jefferson "the stormy and contentious atmosphere of the caucus," for "he was not an orator." He preferred the quiet of a dinner table with his trusted lieutenants about him.

Here he was Irresistible for to his mastery of the art of polities he added the fascination of the perfect host. Indeed he loved that social Intercourse which dinner parties best afford. At Jefferson's table "all controversial subjects that might offend were taboo" and even when poll-ties were being discussed "If his position were warmly controverted, he changed the subject tactfully." i Gradually he picked out lieutenants, here and there, all over the country, always with unerring Judgment, and modest and tolerant. Mr. Howers prtJved that Jefferson was a detnocmt by 'nature and that he did not get his radical views from tho orators and writers of the French revolution; yet it is only fair to say that the philosophers of "liberty, fraternity and equality' were at work lung years before "infantry, calvary anil artillery" took tin; field to establish and enforce the preachments of ltosscau, Voltaire and this, apostles of revolt.

Of course, Mr. Hewers does not wish us to infer that Jefferson had not read the revolutionary and revolutionizing of those supremo disturbers anyway It. is not for he had read them. Jefferson di( not have to wait for the mob and the, guillotine to teach him democracy Charge Accounts Invited Rost's PEOPLE WITH 'ESTABLISHED CREDIT ABE INVITED TO l-Z; THE CREDIT' CONVENIENCE AT HOST'S. troduced into her drawing room by the exigencies ot pontics, mat sne found his personality peculiarly ap-Dealinc.

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