The Cincinnati Enquirer from Cincinnati, Ohio • Page 17

Sunday. July 16. 1972 THE CINCINNATI ENQUIRER 1-11 WORLD CHESS CHAMPIONSHIP spsst i I I I I LPV. On Good 'Terms'1 Bobby Fischer, left, and Boris Spassky speak same language. A Beginner's Chess Dictionary (C The Washington Post WASHINGTON When you know the moves in onejlijs one Onp nnn mrnns rnucli.

miK.h more hon chess you're almost in the same position as someone who knows the functions of the players on a football team: you don't know much of anything. It is simple enough to learn the moves, but then you discover the real question is "which move when?" furthermore, as in football, you need a special language to talk about it. Here is a little course on that language. Checkmate. The object of the game is to checkmate the enemy king, that is, to be in a position where you are about to move one of your attacking pieces onto his square and he can't prevent it since he is unable to move into or remain in any piece's line of fire.

It is good to remember that chess, probably of ancient Persian origin, represents a war between two kingdoms in which two armies consisting of infantry (pawns), cavalry (knights), fortress outposts or armored elephants (rooks), political intriguers and fifth-columnists (bishops) and a general (the queen) fight each other to get at the opposing king. Though the armies may be decimated, the king itself never is actually killed but is captured, rendered immobile. THE CENTER. All chess strategy has to revolve around the center one way or another. Once you control the center, you can pivot to either enemy flank, and usually the veYy first moves of the game, with the center pawns, are attempts to concentrate force on those four central squares.

Sometimes a player will deliberately freeze the center, jamming pawns in there so nothing can get through, and then mount a flank attack. But he must still watch the center for counter-pressure. Openings. For centuries, players have been trying various ways of developing, or playing, their pieces quickly to form a coherent attack. Books have been written that simply list hundreds of opening variations.

Serious players memorize many of these, saving much time in match play. Often they are named for their inventors or for regions where they were first fashionable. Openings are very much a matter of fashion. One of the earliest recorded, the 16th-century Ruy Lopez, made a comeback after generations of neglect. (It is rather as if the Los Angeles Rams revived the old Statue of Liberty play.) But it works, for new lines of play have been discovered following the characteristic first three or four moves of this opening.

There are openings called "defenses," which offer a good reply for black, which plays second, in a given situation. There are openings called "gambits," which involve sacrifice of a pawn to obtain advantage in territory but which are almost unknown in modern chess where the tiniest weakness will be exploited stantly. OPEN OR CLOSED game. Different openings have differetn purposes. Many that start with the king's pawn, for instance, lead to a fast, brutal, "open" game wo.

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From ollec.lion, in our Riidal Salon, Second hloor Downtown. "M- it.ii i lVv 'ilk. ff little things mean a lot And Ihe mar.v lit tie lliincr, will handle lor your woddmq (in nil add up lo the kind of our bride'', l- Slal lonery where you nrrii.r vur if.vitalior.'.. mono-qrnmi'ipH is pv en Ih narhn'. lot the let.epl ion).

Ral lOri: I rrirv I fir. I if mil', hpn! I I I 1 1 Wpdd I fin nl'P Shop! 1,, 1 1 if li I ifiMMl i hrimnnnnc' ru lor I'fie ner irr vi' C' oi (i! o'hr-r yr.ij ptr-ff-, R'i hi! I'M i wrir-re you yrvir r-r in t.hinrj. ry.lal, II help'i ehrninntr: cji jpl ic i i i I iii' i I t- I i i ii err, ier iriercr, rn reninves 10 1' If-r I Ibf rt yev; rmov. with pieces being exchanged rigfrut and left. Bobby Fiscih-er almost always opens with the king's pawn when he has white.

On the other hand, many queen-side openings lead to slower development, subtle webs of power, slow strangulation. Combinational or positional play. Paralleling the open and closed game are two contrasting styles of play. The combinational is essentially tactical featuring a house-ofcards effect that often begins with a surprise sacrifice. The positional, is basically strategic, where a player may actually sacrifice a piece just to gain access to a given square, open a vital diagonal for his bishop or file for his rook, or provoke a weakness in the enemy's pawn structure.

Strong and weak squares. Wilhelm Stainitz, an early world champion who was also one of the game's great thinkers, developed a theory of strong and weak squares, tout all you need to know for now is that if a player has lost his wihite bishop, for example, or has several pawns frozen on black squares where they cannot bear on the white, then clearly that player is weak on the white squares, a fact that his opponent should exploit, if in fact he did not deliberately create the situation himself. BACKWARD or passed pawn. It was Francoi Philidor who really invented a modern chess in the 18th century, for he found in the pawns a means of turning a chessiboard from a site of unrelated skirmishes into a true battleground. Good players set up their pawn structures with care and fight to keep them stable, like a string of mines across a harbor through and around which the pieces flow.

Ideally, these pawns all defend each other. A backward pawn is one which has fallen out of line and requires a piece to defend it, a dangerous waste of manpower. A passed pawn is one that has pushed past its opposite numbers and thus has a good chance of being queened. As forces are whittled down toward the end of a game (called, with fine precision, the endgame), the meek pawns and king are apt to turn suddenly into important aggressive forces. Simplifying out of trouble.

All chess notators love this phrase, which means deliberately exchanging pieces in hopes of cutting down the enemy firepower should it be getting too concentrated for comfort. It is a useful device but can be a destructive habit. The aging Jose Capablanca, unable to keep up with complexities introduced by his younger opponents, repeatedly took the sting and vitality out of his games by simplifying. It was a pathetic parody of his earlier style, which though superbly simple was also precise and deadly. Fianchetto.

A bishop is placed on the N2 square so that it is trained on the long diagonal. First systematically used by the Englishman Howard Staunton, it wa? an early form of positional play, still popular today. THE DRAW. In formal competition you get a half point for a draw, and good players are adept, at obtaining a draw wihen they see trouble ahead or are bored with a particularly dull game. The draw can be a weapon, but until modern times it was considered just a bit ungentlemanly to seek it deliberately, like not accepting the offer of a sacrifice.

Once the mighty Emanurl Lasker, prince of foxes, played Carl Schlechter, known as "The Drawing Master," in a tournament. Schlechter needed only a draw to take first place. Incredibly, in a spasm of good sportsmanship perhaps, the drawing master played for a win. After a tremendous and famous struggle Laskrr finally brat him. Threat.

A threat sometimes is worse than iti executive. The Invasion of Normandy must have come as something of a relief to the Nazi high command, since the alternatives no longer had to be prepared for. ZUGZWANG. When you-can't move without getting yourself into trouble. A British enthusiast has coined this translation: movebound.

Usually a sign of imminent defeat. Notation. stands for king, for knight, for queen, for rook, for bishop, for pawn. The hyphen indicates a move, the a capture of a piece and the numbers the position on the board. Thus, B-Q2 indicates that the bishop has been moved to the second square from its end of the board and in front of the queen's original position.

"O-O" means castling. In brief, the thing to remember when following a championship chess match is that you are fighting on two fronts: trying to understand the game and trying to understand the notators comments. ''J A. '4 0)1 N-'-mV A S'-e (0 r.r.A (n a i 1 0 to Ki a a f.t i 1 1 1 i.