The Salt Lake Tribune from Salt Lake City, Utah • 6

THE SALT LAKE TRIBUNE, SUNDAY MORNING, AUGUST 2, 1931. NEW YORKER LEADS IN RACE AS NOMINEE All Signs Point to Roosevelt as Democratic Choice for President in 1932 (Continued from Page One) Smith's mind. They seem to suggest that Smith is willing to let Roosevelt go ahead and get the nomination. The events that seem to throw light on Smith's state of mind are of the sort that politicians interpret -as a sailor. interprets the weather.

One of these. weather signs showed is not qualified by any question about Guffey's ability to deliver the sixty-six- actually he has delivered some such number in every national convention during the past twelve years. (The whole Pennsylvania Democracy, excepting a minority of dry ones in rural counties, usually reflects what Guffey wants.) Be Certain" The real significance of Mr. Gutfey's action lies in the assumption, that as every politician will assume, Mr. Guffey would never have made such a statement without first satisfying himself that it would not be objectionable to Governor Smith.

This assumption is supported both by Guffey's known loyalty to Smith and by Guffey's own sense of personal self -preservation. If Smith should resent this statement by Gutfey, if Smith should go after those Pennsylvania delegates for himself, or in behalf of some other candidate -Owen D. Young, for example in any such event, Guffey would be a ruined leader and Smith would get the delegates, for Smith is even more powerful with the rank and file of the Democracy of Pennsylvania than the local Guffey, In short, what every politician in the country will Infer from Guffey's action is that Guffey ether consulted Smith in advance and was told that Smith had no objection, or else knew enough to feel sure that Smith doesn't care. Assume Smith Out As things stand now, every Democratic leader will in assume the that country, Smith state has and local, no personal program for the coming national convention which would exclude the nomination of Roosevelt. There is always the possibility that Bmith may develop, some time later on, a program of his own other than nominating Roosevelt.

He may come to such a program through reasons arising in the future. But from now on he would need to have convincing reasons. It would be sensational indeed if, after what has happened, Smith and to Smith's Pennsyl- friends should undertake enlist vania and Massachusetts for a program other than the nomination of Roosevelt. Roosevelt, with Smith not opposed to him, should have substantially every delegate from the entire New Zori: group of states: New York, with 94; Pennsylvania, with 72 (though a few of the Pennsylvania delegates will be dry and anti-Roosevelt): Massachusetts, with 34; Connecticut, with 16; Rhode Island, with 8, and New Jersey, with 32. This New York group of states, in all Democratic conventions, commonly acts together.

In all these states the Democratic organization is wet; in all they have roughly the same point of view about national affairs as New York state. Here, in this one group, Itself. in Massachusetts. There, a Democratic politician, Mayor Ourley of Boston, made a public statement saying: "Smith 15 a delightful man and dearly beloved, but he has had his chance. He (Smith) has made a fine record for himself, but he could not be elected, and I think Smith knows that he could not be.

He should, I think, announce his support of Franklin D. Roosevelt." Now, as politicians interpret that, they begin with the fact that Massachusetts, Democratically speaking, is a strong Smith state. It is the strongest Smith state of all, stronger for Smith than even New York. In Massachusetts no Democratic politician hoping to continue to exist as such would take a step likely to be regarded as offensive by Smith. No such politician would make a gesture likely to turn out, In the future, to be harmful to Smith's wishes or purposes.

Certainly no politician who had been for Smith in the past, no politician In Mayor Curley's position, would have made the statement that Mayor Curley made unless he assumed quite confidently: first, that Smith would not himself be a candidate for the Democratic presidential nomination; and second, that Smith would not have any candidate of his own, any candidate whom he prefers over Governor Roosevelt. Curley's action, in short, 1s interpreted by every politician to mean that Curley, before acting, assured himself, either directly or by inferences, that Smith does not want these Massachusetts delegates for himself or for any favorite of his other than Governor Has Strong Friend Rather more convincing to pollticians experienced in reading such signs is what happened in Pennsylvania. In that state is a Democratic leader, Joseph F. Guffey, Guffey is a more powerful leader in Pennsylvania than Curley is in Massachusetts, for Pennsylvania has no such division into factions as I the Bay state has. While Guffey is not at this time the official leader of the Pennsylvania Democracy, no one doubts his capacity to speak for the organization.

Guffey has been a strong, loyal Smith man, was one of Smith's most important backers in 1928 and 1924 as well. Under this state of facts, Guffey now formally declares that in the coming national Democratic convention, at least, sixty-six out of Pennsylvania's seventy -two delegates will be for Governor velt. The significance of this assertion, and its effect in furthering Roosevelt's fortunes, is not limited to the fact, very weighty in itself, that sixty-six Pennsylvania delegates will be, next to New York's ninety-four, the largest bloc in the convention. The significance of it Moon Loses Charm; Volcanic Only Ash PASADENA, Cal. (UP)-The moon--long the center of attraction for love-sick swainshas lost glamor.

For instead being 8 TOmantic fantasy of green cheese, it is nothing but a globe with a surface of pumice stone, according to Dr. Fred E. Wright, assistant director of the Geophysical laboratory at Washington, D. working at Mount Wilson observatory. Dr.

Wright declares the lighter and darker spots on moon indicate nonactive canic craters, which in some time past erupted and laid down huge, deposits of pumice stone. will contain. The "New York group" of states alone cannot nominate Rooseveltthey have been a loser oftener than a winner' in past national conventions. But Roosevelt has much scattered strength throughout the rest of the country. Further than that, Roosevelt has really no strong opposition in any part of the country.

The south, though dry, will not oppose Roosevelt implacably indeed, Roosevelt will have the delegations from some southern states. The south is no less dry than ever, but they do not think of Roosevelt as wet In any sense strongly offensive to them. The south, also, has rather reconciled Itself to the expectation that the next Democratic nominee will be a wet, and it feels a little relieved to have the wet so comparatively mild a one as they consider Roosevelt to be. The south will fight to the last ditch to keep the platform declaration dry, or at least keep it from being wet. Provided they win the platform point, they will not the seriously oppose Roosevelt for nomination.

Quite possibly Roosevelt, with the wegiht he is certain to have in convention, may tacitly accommodate and help the south in keeping the platform from being wet. Keep Choice Silent What has come about constitutes definitely a new phase in the Democratic situation. It was the intention of the Democratie leaders, Including some friendly to Roosevelt, to keep the nomination in suspense, not to permit it to be foreclosed, until the convention meets, or shortly before. It was their conviction that, as a matter should be prudence, no foreclosure before May of if nothing else, there or June of next year. In that expectation, however, the Smith keystone was ex-Governor Smith.

is in by the far the most powerful individual party. If Smith is now Roosevelt permitting at so his friends to indorse early a time as the present, and if politicians generally become observe bene- this, Roosevelt is apt to the ficiary of a "band wagon rush" on the part of local leaders and local potential delegates all over the country. The leaders who expected to preserve the Democratic situation in suspense until the eve of Roosevelt conven- bethe tion did not count on aggressive a candidate as he has been (or his friends in his being so half). And they counted on other asRoose-pirants being more Roosevelt aggressive. is the As it has turned out, only candidate who is acting than as his a candidate in states other own.

Activities in extend behalf outside of Newton Ohio; D. Baker do not on behalf of Governor Albert Ritchie Maryland they do not extend outMaryland; on behalf of Senator of side are 184 delegates out of roughly 1100 that the national convention Robinson they not extend southern outside states Arkansas. will instruct their delegates (A few other for Robinson.) Drys Inaotive ly legitimate uses. Baker Has Chance If this condition continues it would seem as if Roosevelt's might be the only name entered in the presidential primaries of many of the states in which the presidential primary is the method of selecting delegates. The drys have not been as energetic as was anticipated, elther for- in ward opposing a candidate of their own.

There Roosevelt or in putting was talk of the drys holding a coneither at Atlanta or at Chiference cago, whom they could rally, but that has to choose candidate about come to nothing. There was talk of the drys William G. McAdoo in the in California, for example, entering race, but that has come of to nothing. formiThe one possibility really velt dable centers opposition about Newton D. Baker to Governor Rooseof Ohio.

The handicap to that lies in Baker's apparent reluctance to be as aggressive a candidate as Roosevelt is. It some new and younger House, ambitious to make president, should take up Mr. Baker; Colonel the Warwick were willing to exert the the necessary necessary time, energy and if he would and expend organize into actual delegates has the -in potential strength that "its" Baker lies a major that succession of But it would take time, hard work political opportunity for someone, no unconsiderable amount of and money for indispensable and perfect- fight Baker, were a made in his behalf, could if nation-wide energetic velt; fully he could many even take from Rooseas delegates as Roosevelt many of the delegates in the New York group of states that Roosevelt now seems destined to get. of Other than energetic promotion to Roosevelt D. lies in precisely what Newton Baker, another handicap the Democratic leaders foresaw and the when they hoped to keep nomination in suspense until the eve of the convention.

If it should become apparent at so early a time as the present that Roosevelt is likely to get the nomination largely by default, he becomes in effect a prestdential candidate- 4 presidential candidate in the campaign. ahead sense more than fifteen months of the election. The risks that normally a candidate runs for only the three months of the campaign become, in Roosevelt's case, extended over fifteen months. During every day of that time, Roosevelt will run the risk of accident. If the accident happens, and if it is so damaging as to be fatal, and if the Democratic leaders are obliged to deny the nomination to Roosevelt after he has been so far in front- -that would constitute a serious party misfortune.

WARDEN BARES CLUE IN IDAHO WOMAN SEARCH David Minton, Sought for Lyda Southard Escape, Appears in Colorado (By Associated Press) BOISE, Idaho--David Minton, former Idaho convict, has been seen in Superior, Lyda Southard, husband slayer, whom he is alleged to have assisted in escape, is not with him. This was made known here today by R. E. Thomas, state prison warden, who has been conducting a persistent search for the escaped Twin Falls slayer since her sensational break over the walls late on- the night of May 4. She is alleged to have poisoned tour husbands, and for the death of one of them was sentenced ten years ago to ten years to life imprisonment.

Leaves for Lumber Camp Minton was discovered living with two women, said by Colorado officers to be his mother and sister. He remained with until three weeks ago, Thomas said, when he left to go to a lumber camp at some unnamed and his whereabouts is now unknown to the officers. He left a new automobile with the women, Thomas was advised. The mother's name is Mrs. Dave Dillon.

His discovery has given prison authorities no new clue as to the hiding place of Mrs. Southard. Minton disclosed where he was in a letter written to a prison guard on June 1 from Superior. In it was a money order which Minton asked to be used to pay for certain eye glasses which he wanted sent to him. The money order was made out to him by Mrs.

Dillon. Immediately upon receipt of the letter, Warden Thomas said he asked Boulder, and Minton, with Superior a view officers to learn- to ing if he knew anything of Southard woman. Thomas said the man was not questioned. pressed referring for him humorously since his to name was connected with the escape, Minton began the letter by saying: "No doubt this will be a great surprise to you, but I hope you will forgive After me my making failings the in the past." about the request glasses he said: "I have been to Wichita, to see the squaw woman, better known as my wife." First Development in Search Two Boise residents gave prison officials information which they believed linked Minton with the escape. A woman living on a street adjacent to the prison grounds said an old car resembling one known to have been purchased by Minton, was parked for some time near the penitentiary and finally drove away past a in the road to.

which Mrs. Southard's tracks led after she escaped over the wall of the woman's ward with the aid of a twisted blanket and a length of garden hose. A service station attendant, who knew Minton, said he sold gasoline to him and a woman resembling Mrs. Southard later that night. Discovery of Minton was the first development since the escape.

HYDE CANCELS VISIT TO UTAH Secretary of Agriculture Unable to Attend Uintah Basin Conference DENVER, Aug. 1 (P) Secretary of Agriculture Hyde will be unable to attend the Uintah Basin conference at Fort I Duchesne next week, he declared in a communication received here today. "I regret I cannot attend the meeting at Fort he telegraphed in reply to an inquiry. "The survey of the drouth and grasshopper situation throughout the northwest requires my personal attention immediately." Secretary Hyde, who had been expected to deliver one the principal addresses at the conference, was en route from Portland, to Yellowstone National park. U.S.

Court Vacates Car Theft Parole Parole was ordered vacated in the case of Archie W. automobile Hamilton, theft law, violator at of the Dyer the session of federal court Saturday, with Judge Tillman D. Johnson presiding. Hamilton is alleged to have been involved in two or more motor car thefts and is said to have served several years in corrective institutions. Officers of the court were informed he recently broke jail in Kansas after being arrested on another auto stealing charge, SO the probation granted him by the federal court here in 1928 was set aside, and he was designated a fugitive from justice.

U. S. AND FRANCE LEND ENGLAND $250,000,000 (Continued 1 from Page One) eral reserve banks are cooperating vate banks are cooperating with the with the reserve bank of New York. American private banks will not be influenced save as the federal re serve may offer to sell some of this sterling commercial paper to them in turn. The sterling bills will be purchased only as offered by the Bank of England, and it was pointed out in banking circles that it may not find it nec-1 essary to offer any.

When the federal reserve offered the Bank of England a gold loan of $200,000,000 in 1925, in connection with England's return to the gold standard, the loan was not used, eventually. Sterling exchange, in terms of dollars, improved on announcement of the loan today, although Saturday is a quiet day in foreign exchange trading. Sterling cables rose 3-32 of a cent (to $4.85 7-8. Boulder Dam Squatter City 'Snappiest Colony' in West WILLIAMSVILLE, July' -Homeless vagrants from many states, migrating to southern Nevada, in hope of employment at Boulder dam, among pitched tents sage and built brush shacks and Joshua trees on the site of an old squatter settlement and blossomed into the most up-to-date, snappy squatter colony in the west. The squalid huts of original squatter colony at the mouth of Black canyon have been replaced clever little shacks made of powder boxes carted from the dam workings by the settlers.

Claude Williams, of Williamsville, is the commanding squatter camp and his efforts have been a controlling force in bringing the colony into the eyes of the na- FORMER UTAHN DIES ON COAST Mrs. Sarah Gee Skelton Succumbs in Los Angeles Mrs. Sarah Gee Skelton, 63, former active Salt Lake civic and community dramatic worker, died suddenly Tuesday of heart disease at her home in Los Angeles, according to word received here Saturday. Mrs. Skelton was born September 16, 1867, at Tooele, a daughter of the late Judge Lysander Gee and the late Mrs.

Theresa Bowley Gee, Utah pioneers. Mrs. Skelton taught dramatic work in both Utah and California. She had made her home in Los Angeles for the last 12 years. Mrs.

Skelton is survived by five sons and two daughters, Miss Theresa and Miss Lucy Skelton, Los Angeles; Paul Robert Skelton of Portland, Joel Skelton of Elko, Edgar Almon, Gerald and Philip Skelton -of Los Angeles; two sisters, Mrs. Emma Telford of Lewiston, Mrs. ert McGavin of Idaho Falls, Idaho, and one brother, Erastus Gee, of Ora, Idaho. Funeral services were conducted Saturday in the chapel of the Inglewood Park cemetery, under direction of the L. D.

S. church. LINDY'S PLANE LOST IN NORTH Friends Feel Little Alarm, However, for Safety of Couple Jinx Dogs World Fliers Over Siberian Wastes (Continued from Page One) today calling station WAO. He said he was unable to distinguish any further signals, and had not picked up anything from the Lindbergh plane since that time. The officers of the Radio Marine corporation in New York said they had not picked up any signals from the Lindbergh plane today and knew of no station in their chain with the call letters WAO.

MOSCOW, Aug. 1. (P). -The Amertround Jr. hand world Clyde fliers, Pangborn, Hugh Herndon (4 arrived at E.

Omsk, S. Siberia, today, at 2 and p. left m. for Chita three hours and fifteen minutes later, reports to the Tass Agency here said. Ill fortune dogged the flight eastward from Moscow across the spaces of Siberia.

Civil aviation authorities were notitied that the fliers had made forced landing at Jietiegarl, about 150 miles from Kustanaisk, in the. Cossack autonomous republic, earlier in the day. Jietiegari is about 1700 miles short Irkustk, which was the goal the filers had set when they took off from here. Omsk is more than 500 miles northeast of Jietiegari, but still more than 1000 miles short of Irkutsk. They landed at Jietlegarl at 8:30 a.

m. Moscow time (12:30 a. m. E. 8.

the message said. Although the details available were sketchy, it was indicated the Americans had landed on premises occupied by the metal and gold trust. Officials here telerepresentatives of the Civil society in that vicinity to give all possible assistance to the fliers. The fliers left Moscow at 5:20 p. m.

yesterday (9:20 a. m. E. S. Mustapha Kemal Receives Ocean Fliers YALOVA, Turkey, Aug.

1 (P) -President Mustapha Kemal of Turkey, who rarely receives visitors, today was host at his summer home here to Russell Boardman and John Polando, American aviators, who set a new record by flying without a stop from New York to Istanbul. From the first shouts of "Hurrah for the American aviators!" set up by hundreds of Turkish peasants and villagers massed upon the Yalova wharf to greet them, until Premier Pasha pinned upon their breasts Turkey's special medals of honor, the president's reception WAS the fliers' biggest event during their stay in Turkey. Local Weather Autumn, Spring Wrapped in One In the good old summer timeSaturday was a cross between autumn and spring, and Salt Lake reveled in weather that was considerably less "unusual" than that of the last few weeks. The maximum temperature was 82, with a minimum of 63 occurring early Saturday. The mean was 72.

The outlook is for continued clear and pleasant weather, CRIME BOARD FLAYS POLICEGAGS Wickersham Group De. clares Systems Riddled by Graft, Incompetence. (Continued from Page One) of administration at the. University Chicago; David G. Monroe and Earle W.

Garrett, research assistants at the same university. Commission 'Backs Findings refraining from making recommendations itself, the commission nevertheless commended those reached by its assistants. Among were suggestions that "the corrupting influence of politics must be that police chiefs be removable from office only upon preferment of charges and a public hearing; that patrolmen be required to be "Intellectually that radio and teletype systems be extended and crime prevention units, state police forces and bureaus of investigation be extended. The commission directed most of its complaint at the control exercised over police chiefs, the efforts of criminals to have removed and the demoralizing effect upon the force of each shakeup. Cites "Sickening" Formula "The public," it asserted, "has long been sickened by the usual formula periodically issued from the mayor's office, whenever there is a change in that office, that the new chief has received orders to heed no one in the discharge of his duties, but to protect the public against the criminal.

"They know from experience that it is not true, and if the chief were to follow such reputed directions his term would be much shorter than 2.41 years (estimated tenure of chiefs in big cities)." Milwaukee was the only city to receive unqualified praise. The commission asserted "no other city has such a record." Experts Criticize Specifically In the experts' reports specific criticism was made of present or past conditions in New York, Chicago, Los Angeles, Kansas City, Cleveland, Minneapolis, Denver and other cities. Vollmer asserted, however, that was "no chemically pure city," adding: "True, an honest enforcement of the law is possible, but even with honest enforcement of the law the truth must be recognized that the absolute elimination of vice in its multiplicity of forms is beyond the power of law enforcement officials." S. L. Chief Lauds Civil Service Rule Salt Lake City has the civil service to thank for the, efficiency and the high standard its police department, said Chief of Police Joseph Burbidge Saturday after perusing the gist of the Wickersham commission report on police departments throughout the United States.

"There are some good features to the survey," said Chief Burbidge, "and still there are some points that do not deal with any problems, we have." "I firmly believe there should be some permanence guaranteed a police chief, because a man, no matter how good he may be, cannot give his best if he is fearful that he may be let out at any "And this always affects the men under him, because they, too, are not sure of their ground. "Our civil service has done wonders Lake toward department, building for up it has kept out the of the Salt many men who would be unsuited for police duty." The chief pointed out that the civil service rules will not allow an outsider to step into a high office, as candidates for lieutenants must be sergeants, examined and only lieutenants may be for captaincies. "The Salt Lake department is doits part in more efficient communication in the detection of criminals, reported Chief Rurbidge. "The new radio station will he a very strong agency in the running down of crooks. "The Wickersham report charges that a majority of patrolmen are not able to fulfill their duties.

"I belleve the Salt Lake department ranks as high mentally as any unit in the country," said Chief Burbidge. "I realize the need of more schools for the police, and I hope. that Salt Lake can have an institution of this kind, so when a patrolman completes the courses he can step into any police job and handle it successfully." Los Angeles Mayor Defends Policies LOS ANGELES, Aug. 1 (P)- -Mayor John C. Porter pointed today to the discharge in a year of more than 100 police officers from the department here in answer to a charge in the Wickersham report that inefficient police were numerous.

"The fact that in a year 115 police officers left the Los Angeles police department under pressure is evidence that we will not tolerate on the force men of undesirable character," Porter said. Porter commented that statistics cited in the report were more properly an indication of the high character of the police administration than a reflection on its standards. Chief of Police Roy Steckel 85- serted the statistics are several years old, based on conditions when August Vollmer, who supplied the statistics, was chief here. S. F.

Chief Brands Dice Tale as 'News' SAN FRANCISCO, Aug. 1 (P) -If dice were cast to decide who was to be chief of police in San Francisco, as the Wickersham commission police report says, Police Chief William was. J. Quinn can not recall when it He said he was sure it wasn't in the last 20 years. August Vollmer, Berkeley police chief, whose 127-page report was included in the Wickersham report, said the dice-throwing occurred several years ago.

For 20 years, Chief Quinn said, San Francisco has been free from "crime waves, gangsterism and racketeering." This he attributes to "the board of police commissioners, composed of men of the highest type of citizenship, who were above the reach of politicians and grafters." In spite of tales of many unemployed in England, Kingsburg recently advertised a junior clerk and did not receive a single reply, GERMAN UKASEN. Y. FREEDOMTITLE AS U. S. FOREIGN' CITY tion.

Officially marshal, he is a United States deputy but literally he himself dictator of Williamsville. Williams laid out Williamsville streets carefully and went so far as to name the two principal ones "Main" and "Broadway." They are nothing but dust and sagebrush, but there is an old tin can to be seen on them-or, for that matter, pot, within miles of Williamsville. The powder box houses, with the addition of a few bolts and a couple of squatters' canvas, quarters. make. The houses toned have been set at regular intervals since the influx of squatters to the colony this year.

This boom in Williamsville's population caused, apparently, by the commercial depression, which has sent whole familles, not, only from all parts of the States, from Mexico Canada, looking for a new start. Hope of getting employment at Boulder dam drew them here. The population is about 600 and out of that number a great many have been unable to get work at the dam. There are no clothes for the destitute, no medicine for the sick, and those who have no shack or car make their beds with the jackrabbits. MYSTERY MURDER TRIAL OPENS AT L.

A. ON MONDAY (Continued from Page One) political boss died on a police hospital operating table. Ford said he hoped to further implicate Clark through Crawford's dying words to Taylor and Rev. Brieglieb. During the height of the murder investigation in May, both men were quoted as saying Crawford's last words were unintelligible.

Others subpoenaed by Ford day were June Taylor, attractive hotel owner, and Mrs. Ethel Hamlin, a society woman of Huntington Park, a suburb. woman" Miss Taylor, called the "mystery of the case, formerly was an associate of Albert Marco, Los Angeles vice power, sent to San Quentin prison when Clark was a deputy prosecutor. Miss visited Marco at the prison the day after Crawford and Spencer were killed. Accused Remains Calm Under police questioning, Miss Taylor laughed at the idea she knew anything about the killings or had been "dealing" with Clark.

Clark, with the appearance of a movie actor and a sun tan from idle days at the beaches, calmly awaited his trial. Courteous newspaper men and others who contacted he smiled land nothing. adhered He to has his been policy at of liberty saying under $100,000 bail. The state knows that Clark was missing the day before the murders and appeared the day after. But it has not learned his whereabouts during the intervening time.

It is known that Clark purchased revolver of the caliber used by the killer. The gun never has been located. Into the entire case is woven an intricate pattern of Los Angeles City politics. Clark was running for municipal judge, and the men he is accused of slaying admittedly held powerful whips over sections of the city's voting population. Although Crawford renounced gambling interests and his claim to the title "boss of the city hall" when he dropped a big diamond ring into the collection box at Dr.

Brieglieb's church, it was rumored that he had decided not allow conversion to religion to interfere with a political "comeback." Spencer, from years on Los Angeles newspapers, had an intimate knowledge of Los Angeles politics, and did not hesitate to "expose" political prominents. Until a few months before he being came associated with the "Critic of Critics," his magazine, he was city editor of the Los Angeles Express. UTAH FIXES RECORD HIGH PROPERTY TAX (Continued from Page One) lation 'of 1931, taken next October, and not that of 1930, which is the latest available figure of school population and the one the state tax commission is required by law to use. It may thus easily result that the total amount to be distributed among the schools of the state will be less than the $25 per capita, even with the increased state district school tax levy. Due to slow tax collections and the large amount of delinquencies for 1930, the amount so distributed this year among the schools was less than $24 per capita of school population.

The state tax commission Saturday sent out letters to county officials notifying them of the state tax levies for 1931, which are to be included in the tax statements Issued to all property owners, and will be paid to the county treasurer as in the past. In addition to the three general levies, owners of livestock pay bounty levies and a special levy for the control of tuberculosis in cattle, at rates fixed by the legislature, on the total valuation of their livestock. State road levies are fixed by the county commissioners and vary in each county, the range being from nothing to 3 mills. The proceeds of such levies are spent under control of the state, but may not be spent outside the county levying the tax. County Prepares To Set S.

L. Rate The Salt Lake county tax levy for the current year will be discussed and probably fixed at a meeting of the county commissioners Monday afternoon, according to Commissioner B. F. Quinn. The county levy last year was 4.70 mills, and a 1-mill increase in anticipated this year, although some the commissioners are still hopeful of finding a way to make the increase slightly less than that.

Decreased valuation, problem which prompted the city to boost its levy of a mill and the state .9 of a mill, hits the county much harder than the city and proportionately harder than the state. The valuation decrease in the county, due to the drastic fall in mining properties, is approximately $83,000,000, and even with a 1-mill increase the county's income will be substantially less than last year. OF THE PRESS Enjoyed Greater Liberty Under Kaiser Wilhelm By JOHN ELLIOTT LONDON, Aug. 1-Theoretically the principle of the freedom of the press is as dead in Germany as in fascist Italy or soviet Russia. It has been ruthlessly killed by one of scores of emergency decrees recently issued by the Bruening Practically, of course, its position in the reich is not the same as in the two countries mentioned because the opposition press is on the whole pot only tolerated in Germany, but flourishes uncommonly well.

The Bruening government has done nothing so ruthless as Mussolini when he destroyed the independence of the "Corriere Della Sera" of MiIan, one of the finest liberal newspapers in Europe. Nevertheless, the emergency decree on the press recently issued by the German government has set a dangerous precedent which might be used by Hitler or the Thaelman government to establish the same press regime in Berlin that prevails in Rome and Moscow. Murders First Led to Ban enjoyed freedom under KaiThe paracloxical fact that the press ser Wilhelm II than it does under the German republic would seem to justify the wave of protest that rose from the German newspapers when the terms of the decree affecting them became known. Newspapers under the empire were regulated by a law passed in 1874, which no newspaper was suppressed in this country while the held sway. But this law did not suffice the reof eminent German after publican a authorities.

The murders the world war like Erzrberger and Rathenau produced a wave of indignation comparable to the public emotion in America after the assassination of McKinley, Under the influence of these passions the first defense of the republic law was passed which introduced the possibility of forbidding newspapers. It authorized state officials and prohibited the appearance of dailies for a period of four weeks and weeklies and periodicals for six weeks in case they insulted the republican flag or incited to attempts on the lives of German ministers. The system of fighting journalistic radicalism by extending the right of prohibiting publication was carried further in the edict issued by President Hindenburg on March 28 of this year. The newspapers which incited their readers to disobey the law or reviled institutions and officials of state, or were offended at communistic antireligious campaign-could be banned for a period of eight weeks. New Papers Bob Up A writer in the Berliner Tageblatt estimated that on the basis of this law an average of 70 to 100 newspapers a month have had to suspend publication throughout the reich.

In Prussia alone ten newspapers were banned in April, eleven in May and seventeen in June. At one time recently three leading dailies of the radical opposition-Der Voelkische Beobachter, Hitler's organ, published in Munich: Der Angriff Nazi, edited by Joseph Goebbels in Berlin and Die Rote Fahne, chief daily of the German communists were under suspension at the same time. restrictions How much good these will effect is a moot point because whenever an extremist paper bobs is banned, another promptly up and takes its place. For instance, subscribers to Die Fahne received the equally red Volkswacht of Stettin when the former paper temporarily was suppressed, while the readers of Der Angriff were reconciled for the loss of their favorite reading matter by having Der' Rote Adler put on their tables. Moreover, the suppression gave the average citizen the suspicion that the banned newspapers had been telling unpleasant truths, and therefore the guardians of the law were taking a mean revenge by making it impossible for the opposition sheet to appear, New Ruling Made Drastic Even the March ukase did not go far enough to suit the uneasy authorities as the radical press agitation increased apace.

Accordingly, in the midst of financial disturbances and an enforced bank holiday last week appeared a fresh press decree which might have been drawn up by Metternich himself. This drastic measure contains two provisions. First, It authorizes the reich and the state officials to compel an immediate and unpaid insertion of official statements in any paper without editorial comment, and, second, it gives the police unrestricted powers to ban dailies and periodicals at their discretion. It differs radically from the March edict, which permitted suppression only in the event of certain overt acts being committed. But the new ruling enables the officials to ban newspapers whenever they print anything which, in the opinion of the authorities, is calculated to endanger public security.

The newspapers of the reich have been placed at. the mercy of petty state officials, who can prohibit them whenever the whim or caprice strikes them. A condemnation measure of unanimity decree of press this press found can be judged from the that when the liberal Berliner Tageblatt, in an indignant editorial, called it the "end of freedom of the press," the ultra conservative Deutsche Allgemeine Zeltung declared: "We find ourselves once more in a unique posttion, being able to agree with what the Tageblatt says." (Copyright, 1931, New York Tribune Inc.) County Groups Stage Program Young people from Davis county and Draper gave a program of music and dancing at the Nibley park water theater Friday night. The presentation was sponsored by the city recreation department and included a concert by the Davis county boys' band; dancing numbers by 29 boys and girls of Davis county, pupils of Miss Nell Taylor; music by the Draper chorus, and tenor solos by Arnold Blackner, chorus director. I Census Shows But Fifth of Population Native Whites By.

TOM PETTEY (S. Tribune-Chicaso Tribune Service) NEW YORK, July 25-Almost everyone has heard the assertion that "New York is not an American, but a foreign city." There have been arguments along that line in the past. Well, all bets can be settled, for an analysis of the 1930 census made public today by Dr. Walter Laidlaw of the cities census committee discloses that the city's population is only 21.72 per cent native white of native white parentage. The foreign-born white population of the city apparently has increased by more than 300,000 during the decade of 1920-30, despite the restriction of immigration.

Meanwhile, the number of native whites of both native-born and naturalized parentage in all boroughs has dwindled 340,366 from the peak of 4,634,191 reached in 1920. There were 927 noses counted in the 1930 census-black, white, brown and yellow. Foreign Group Increases Dr. Laidlaw has been sifting and sorting the colors and nationalities. Here are some of the discoveries he dug from a mountain of statistics: The foreign-born whites of 1930 numbered 2,293,400, an increase of -since 1920, almost five times the increase of 1910-20.

Children of immigrants provided. 37 per cent of the growth city in the last decade. The increases in negro population was twice that of 1910-20, or 114.9 per cent. There now are 327,706 negroes in the city, most of them in to be exact. The gain in the yellow races was from 8182 in 1920 to 15,515 in 1930.

In these races the males far outnumbered the females. Child Population Declines There was a decline in the population under 5 years old, from 869 in 1920 to 535,600 in 1930, but the old people are hanging on well, especially well in Manhattan. In the face a general decrease of population in that borough, the number of residents years of age or older showed a gain of about 16 per cent. In Queens alone there were 9111 persons past 75 years. Nevertheless, in the Empire city there are only 263,000 persons beyond the age of 64.

New York is a city of middle age rather than youth or dotage. Persons in the prime of their life make up the bulk of the population, the figures show. summation of the population by color shows, 6,587,225 whites of all nationalities, 327,706 negroes and yellow or brown persons. The white population includes 4,293,825 persons native and 2,293,000 persons of foreign birth. Although New York is not yet "an American city," Dr." Laldlaw points out that it is improving.

"In the census of 1902," he explains, "the city was 21.46 per cent of native' white parentage. In 1910 the percentage of citizens with American-born parents was but 19.33 per cent. In 1920 it was 20.73 per cent native white of native white parentage. "Queens, Richmond and the Bronx are holding the native whites of native parentage to domicile within the city. The widespread belief that American parentage families are leaving the city of suburban residence is well founded if Manhattan and Brooklyn only are considered." Air Line Plans Installation of Type Machines Installation of a teletype system on the Varney Air Lines, operating between Salt Lake and' Seattle, which will necessitate the construction of new buildings at five points, will begin early in the fall, it was announced Friday by W.

E. Kline, in charge of the airways division, department of commerce, at Salt Lake. The buildings, to cost 8 total of $40,000, will be erected at Locomotive Springs, Utah; Jerome, Mountain Home and Weiser, Idaho, and Meacham, Ore. Bids will be opened for their construction at Salt Lake on September 1. This will be the second teletype installation in the west, the first being on the transcontinental Boeing Air Transport.

Teletype is used principally for transmitting weather data, but also is used for general information of Value to the airplane companies. Employers Face Report Penalties Employers of three or more persons in Utah- outside of agricultural and domestic labor- who have failed to file their annual statistical reports, as required by law, with the state industrial commission, by placing them in the mail or taking them to the capitol on or before Friday, July 31, will be penalized as provided in the law, it was announced Saturday by O. F. McShane of the industrial commission. Returns from about 1000 employers had not been received up to Friday night, Revenue to the state from these penalties, last year was about $400.

But Mr. McShane says the commission would prefer to have the reports. First Income Tax Return Comes In The first income tax return to reach the state tax commission was filed Saturday, it was reported by George A. Critchlow, member of the commission in charge of income tax work. It is from a corporation doing bustness in Utah.

Since to give out information as to the contents of individual returns renders 8 state officer liable to imprisonment for two years, Mr. Critchlow I withheld details..