The Emporia Gazette from Emporia, Kansas • Page 7

AM MARTIN Tawney Apple, who IB married in December, hu msked for ft Ther never kin msij Wftl ther'i bad COffM. Predicted THE Attack Prediction by Navy Secretary Knox Made In'letter to Stimson; Cited Japanese Aims Washington, Nov. 20 The late Navy Secretary Frank Knox predicted on January 24, 1941 that if war with Japan occurred, hostilities might begin with a surprise attack upon the Pacific fleet or the Naval base at Pearl Harbor. His prediction made in s. letter to Henry L.

Stimson, then secretary of war, and was disclosed in an exchange of correspondence made public today by the Congressional Pearl Harbor investigating committee. The Knox letter, dated more than 10 months prior to the Japanese strike at the base, said that "if war eventuates with Japan, it is believed easily possible that hostilities would be initiated by a surprise attack upon the fleet or the Naval base at Pearl Harbor." "In my opinion." Knox write, "the inherent possibilities of a major disaster to the fleet or Naval base warrant taking every step, as rapidly as can be done, that will increase the joint readiness of the Army and Navy to withstand a raid of the character mentioned above." Listed Six Hazards Knox envisaged six hazards which he listed in the following order of Importance: Air bombing attack, air torpedo plane attack, sabotage, submarine attack and bombardment by gunfire. "Defense against all but the first two of these dangers appears to have provided for satisfactorily." he wrote, adding that he considered the solution of the two types of aerial attack of "primary importance." Stimson replied in a letter dated February 7, 1941, concurring as to the importance of the matter and "the urgency of our making every possible preparation to meet such a hostile effort." uncanny the Navy secretary told Stimson- any" such Japanese attacks probably would be launched from a striking force of carriers and supporting vessels, with the probable maximum enemy effort put at 12 aircraft squadrons, and the minimum at two. "Both types of air attack are possible," he said. "They may be carried out successively, simultaneously or In combination with any of the other operations enumerated." Adm.

J. O. Richardson-testified today the late President Roosevelt was "rather loathe" to increase the manpower of the Pacific fleet in midsummer, 1940. Met With Hull Richardson recounted for the Senate-House Pearl Harbor investigating committee a series of conferences he held with the President, Cordell Hull, then secretary of state, and others shortly after the fall of France. The bespectacled admiral, who was relieved of command of the Pacific fleet 10 months before the Japanese sneak attack, testified that in a three-hour conference at the White House on July 8, 1940, he stressed what he felt'was the need for morv; men to man the ships of the fleet.

"The President was rather loathe to increase the number of men because he felt, as he" expressed it to me, that men in mechanical trade in civilian life could be quickly inducted and made into adequate sailormen if their services became Richardson told the committee. The next day, Richardson said ho saw Hull. Sumner Welles, then undersecretary of state, was present. William D. Mitchell, committee counsel, asked why the conference was held with Hull.

"I wanted to fully explore the situation and learn all I could about why the fleet was being retained in Pearl Harbor, how long it would be there, and what the future intentions were." Richardson replied. Wanted Fleet at Hawaii He testified Monday he had urged President Roosevelt at a later conference to order the fleet returned to the west coast" and stripped for action as a deterrent to Japan. But he said the President wanted the fleet kept at Pearl Harbor. In telHng his meeting with Hull to leam the reasons for retention of the ships at Hawaii, Richardson said: "I had been directed to retain the fleet there and to announce that It -was being retained at my request. Naturally, since I had made no such request.

I wanted to know what was back of the whole thing." Richardson said that while In Washington h2 also savr Gen. George C. Marshall. Army chief of staff: James F. Byrnes, then a senator and now secretary of state, and Dr.

Stanley Hornbeck. Discussing his October 8, 1940, conference with the President, Richardson testified that he submitted a subsequent memorandum to the secretary of state indicating that the President had approved the establishment of a fleet train of supply, repair, fuel and other vessels. Favored West Coast Base I In Monday's testimony Richard-1 son said that if the Japanese were GAZETTE EMPQRIATKANSAS, TUESDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 20. VOLUME LV1 NUMBER 98 BUDDIES RE-UMTED-Five-times wounded Bobby ki, 10- year-old Polish war waif, is greeted by T-S 2 t. Edward Klonowski (left), of Chicago, his battlefield buddy in France, Germany, Austria, and Italy Bobby arrived in Portland, aboard the SS James Swan from Enr- land.

Bobby is wearing a cut-down uniform with a European theater ribbon with three battle stars, Presidential unit citation bar, and Purple Heart with cluster. Break in Weather Topeka, Nov. 20 "Today will see temporary break in all the iine weather blanketing Kansas for the last lew weeks," S. D. Flora weatherman, predicted today.

"Snow and rain, accompanied by low temperatures, wilt break Into northwestern Kansas today and spread to thtf east tonight and Plora stated. Strong north-west winds will bring light snows into the north and west today, and southeastern Kansas can expect a few light rains. Temperatures will average 60 to 65 in the east and 45 or 50 in the west. Temperatures are expected to drop to lows of 15 or 20 degrees tonight in the northwest and 30 to 40 in the east. Eastern Kansas will be chilly Wednesday at 42 to 48 and the west at 35 or 40.

Phillipsburg was the warmest spot reporting in Kansas 61. Goodland was the coldest last 20 Nazi Leaders on Trial Are No Longer European Glamour Boys (Editor's Note: Louts P. Lochner. veteran foreign correspondent who as chief of the Berlin bureau the Associated Press witnessed the rise of the Nazis from 1923 until he was Interned by the Germans In 1941, is a member of the AP staff covering the Nuerenberg war crlmas trial. Here he gtves a word picture of the men In the prisoners' dock.) By Louis P.

Lochner Nuernberg, Nov. 20 (IP) They were no longer glamour boys strutting across the European stage, these 20 Nazi leaders who filed today into the crowded Nuerenberg courtroom. his medals' dangling on.his chest and the bejeweled marshal's wand which he flashed at adulating crowds, didn't seem to be Goering. Julius Streicher, no longer in a brown uniform and no longer dealing out blows with a riding switch, did not seem to be the real Streicher. Joachim von Ribbentrop, unattended by the retinue of foreign office flunkies in B.S.

uniforms who handed him state papers before his theatrical speeches as foreign minister, looked again like the champagne merchant he once now he looks too old and spent to inspire the confidence of a prospective customer. Baldur von Schirach and Hans Fritzsche. representing the younger element in the Nazi hierarchy, appeared as just two meek, palefaced defendants at the bar of justice. Dislike Each Other Thff irony of fate placed.side by side defendants who -notoriously disliked a Pudgy Waither Funk sat next to his. economic and financial rival high-collared Hjalmar Schacht, whom he replaced as minister of economics and president of the Reichsbank.

Funk seemed to try to hide his nervousness by loquacity, pouring his eloquence into Schacht's ear. But Hitler's one-time financial wizard peered disdainfully through his thick pince nez at the diminu- (Continued on page ten) B-29 Makes Guam Turkey Will Stage a Thanksgiving Comeback Emporians Expected to -Make Most of First Peacetime Near Ceiling Prices Emporians conditioning them- selves'for turkey-biter appetite Thanksgiving "day probably will eat more than their quota of pounds distance record. AAF Claims World's Distance Record; 8,000 Miles in 35 Hours Washington, Nov. 20 B-29 which came all the way from Guam without a stop landed here this ir forces a world's of turkey this year, the national average. Celebrating the first peacetime Thanksgiving since 1941, and with many discharged veterans home, turkey is expected to grace the dining tables of "hundreds of persons who have skipped it the past several years.

With plenty of money for a big Thanksgiving spread, the demand for turkeys probably is a more Important factor than the price. On the retail level, turkeys alive, partially dressed or prepared for the oven are selling slightly below OPA ceiling prices. The demand for turkeys, ducks, geese and other poultry is good be- cuts of meat still are rationed, pork is scarce 'and supplies of quality beef are inadequate to meet the demand. Wholesale prices of live turkeys vary here, according to reports from buyers. Prices range from 32 to 35 cents per pound, with the offerings on large toms, in the 25-pound bracket, are as low as 30 cents per pound.

Over the country large toms. less desirable for family table use than the smaller hen turkeys, are selling under the OPA ceiling The plane hit the runways at the National airport at 1.35 p. m. approximately 35 hours and soms 8,000 miles after it left Guam. The recognized-distance record is 7,158.44 mites, set by the British in 1938 in a night from Egypt to Australia.

Last month three Superfortresses, carrying three generals, tried for a none-stop record in a flight from Japan, but failed because of unexpected headwinds. That night, from the Japanese Jsland of Hokkaido to Chicago, was about 7,000 miles. After landing to refuel at Chicago, the planes continued on to Washington. An Army official said today that Good Evening The new Army game: Here today and here. tomorrow.

o'clock today Minimum last night Maximum Monday Minimum- year ago Maximum ago cloudy this mtternoon with occasional light rain or snow and colder in west and north central portions; slightly n-armer In extreme southeast; much colder tonight with light In fttst and north; Hght rain southeast; lowest temperatures 15-20 northwest, to extreme east; clearing Wednesday preceded by light raiu or snow in eoutheast and extreme east in morning- colder, much colder la east and south central; windy. Zurbucken Didn't Give Orders in 1940, Witness Says Colonei Moomau Set Policies of Patrol Then, Acting State Head Testifies By Jim Petterson Wichita, Nov. 20 Kobert Rutherford, acting: superintendent of the Kansas state highway patrol, testified today in Federal court that during 1940 Col. E. P.

Moomau, superintendent-of "the patrol during that set all-policies-of Will Zurbucken, then a major. As the first witness for the defense of Zurbucken, former slate highway patrol superintendent, on trial for evasion of federal income tax, Rutherford further testified that only Moomau and Capt. Hugh Edwards issued orders to highway patrolment and that Zurbucken was occupied in speaking on safety over Indictment Is Story Of Plunder. Horror 20 Nazis Are Defendants Nuernberg Trial Brief Read to Courtroom; Ex-Rulers of Reich Face Fight for Lives By Daniel De Luce Nov. 20 A score of glum, oddly-garbed henchmen of Adolf Hitler went on trial for their lives today tional before the War Crimes Interna- tribunal and heard 'the reading of the lengthy indictment against recital of plunder and horror.

The tribunal recessed for luncheon at 12:33 p. (5:33 a. GST) with the reading of the indictment M' en ei ai on re uttfd still unfinished hervd oi the militarists who staged It appeared that completion of the' the ni uest of Manchuria, has committed hara-kiri rather than (Continued on page seven) THE WORLD TODAY Planned Switch In First World War By DeWitt Mackenzie AP Foreign Affairs Analyst One of the outstanding characteristics of the Japanese and German war lords, as is being brought out In the Pearl Harbor investigation and through the discovery of secret Nazi records, is their cold- blooded duplicity. There was (and Is) no honesty among them. We see that in the callous trickery which Hitler, Goering and other Nazi leaders used in annexing little Austria, while they kept the rest of Europe quiet with double-talk.

We see it in the Jap treachery in striking at Pearl Harbor behind the shield of peace ne- gotiationt at Washington. Every day emphasizes the necessity of removing these war-mongers from society. It's gratifying therefore to see the Nuernberg trials of top Nazis opening today before the International War Crimes tribunal. It's equally satisfactory (and forgive me if I'm wrong) to learn that Baron General TAKES CREDIT FOR Adm. Osumi Nagano, chief of the Japanese naval general staff, testified that he decided November 3, 19U to attack Pearl Harbor, the committee investigating: the surprise attack learned ton.

the state. On direct examination by Ed Rooney, Topeka, attorney for the defense, Rutherford testified that the patrol never had issued orders not to pick up bootleggers or liquor runners. Rutherford said that Zurbucken was out of Topeka only about a third of 1940. But under cross examination by Walter M. Campbell Washington, D.

special assistant TJ. s. attorney general. Rutherford said he could not be sure of the time. Campbell had in his possession state Kansas expense accounts for 206 days outside reading of the document would require the remainder of the day.

Rudolf Hess, an almost impish grin playing about his sunken mouth, was lined up in the dock with the Nazi in all. The 21st, Martin Bormann, Hitler's deputy, is being tried in absentia. What disposition the tribunal would make of the reports of alienists on Hess' mental condition had yet to be announced. But the former Hitler deputy seemed at moments almost frivolous as the proceedings got "nder way. After the recess, British Lord Justice Geoffrey Lawrence, presiding, announced the trial would continue without the presei.ce of Ernst Kaltenbiimner, former Nazi security police chief, who has suffered a cranial hemmorhage.

Defeiitlenls Exhibit Emotions The black gowned defense attorneys listened intently to every word that was spoken, but their clients, as strangely garbed as a cast of beggars in an opera, exhibited varying emotions. From the Paunchy. prima- donna of Nazism, Hermann Goering himself, to the quiet, relatively obscure propaganda ministry's handyman, Hans Fritzsche, the defendants listened with varying emotions as lurid deed after lurid deed of the Third Reich was reconstructed in English prose. There were no legal furbelows at the start of the historic case in the small, oak-panelled courtroom whose windows overlook the onetime shrine city of Nazidom. Lord Geoffrey Lawrence, British judge who is presiding, told the defendants Britain, the United States, the Sov'et Union and France had been entrusted with the punishment of war criminals, adding: "This trial which is abour to begin is unique in the history of jurisprudence and in importance to the people ajl over the world." Sidney S.

Alderman, assistant to chief U. S. Prosecutor Justice Robert H. Jackson, opened the proceedings by reading a condensed version of the indictments. His voice trembled with nervousness.

Topeka. Question Zurbucken the B-29 did not take the short way the top of the world. The plane carried a crew of specially picked and trained nerson- nel. all veterans of the Pacific war. Slight changes were made to fit the plane for the flight, such as stripping excess weight, but it still Is a standard B-29 minus armor and radar.

Weather conditions good at the time of take-off, climbed into the air The with plane 11.110 vio 1 PA ce of ftad whh repres ceinng variations, applications and (Continued on page eight) Moke Surgical Core Available to Kansons State-Wide Plan Provides Service for $2.25 Per Month On Voluntary Basis Topeka, Nov. 20 care for all Kansas families, on a voluntary basis, probably will be made available soon at a cost of $2.25 per month through the Kansas physician's service, Dr. Barrett A. Nelson, Manhattan, president of the non-profit almost half of the gross weight of the ship. Thirteen, auxiliary tanks were carried.

The air forces said that "this flight seeks to exceed the long-distance record established by the British by more than 1.000 miles." GENERAL MOTORS TO REPLY BY FRIDAY Detroit, Nov. 20 Motors corp. today informed the CIO United Automobile Workers union that it will reply to the union proposal for arbitration of the 30 per cent wage increase "on or before Friday, November 23." organization. In outlining his statewide plan, criticized President Truman's proposed national health program presented to Congress Monday. Nelson said all details of the Kansas plan have been worked out, and will include cara cases, injuries and serious non- surgical cases.

Details be released following final approval oa pag-e ten) WONT DELAY OF U.S.E.S. TO STATES Washington, Nov. -Disregarding protests of administration leaders, the Senate refused by a 35 to 31 vote today to delay return of the United States employment service to the states until June 30 Continuing a direct examination by Rooney as to whether any orders were issued by the patrol heads or by Zurbucken not to pick up bootleggers, Rutherford said there had been none. "Did you ever know or hear of such an order?" "No, sir." Rutherford replied. "Was there ever a letter or card Issued to any bootlegger for the purpose of giving immunity for the running of liquor into Kansas?" "Not to my knowledge." "How many patrol cars were operating in 1940?" "Forty-five." Reputation Good Rutherford then testified that he had been acquainted with Zur- bucceri over a period of many years and had found his reputation among friends and associates to be good.

Rconey then asked if the patrol activities extended beyond traffic control. Rutherford answered "that it did only at the request of chiefs of police or sheriffs Use Earphones The defendants stared glumly --during the lengthly reading of the indictment. Hess, Ribbentrop. Kci- tel, and Rosenberg listened without using the translators' earphones provided for each man on trial, Goering, his fat countenance exhibiting bored composure, soon removed his headphones. Grand Adm.

Erich Raeder and Walter Funk, former Reichsbank president, continued to use the American translating device. Goering nodded non-committally when Prosecutor Alderman referred to his overriding control of Germany economy in preparation for armed agression after 1936. The prosecution tables were crowded. Justice Jackson' sat at U. S.

BATTLE VETERAN'S GUARD COURTROOM Nuernberg, Nov. 20 of the U. S. First Infantry division, whose battle record stretches from Casablanca across Africa, Sicily, Prance and Germany, acted as courtroom guards today for Nazi criminals on trial here. Sub-Machine Gun Recovered Today 13-Year-Old Boy "Kidnaped.

0 Weapon And Planned to Demand a Ransom Lyon county's new .45 caliber Reising sub-machine gun, which was stolen Sunday, was recovered today after Sheriff Ernest Owens had found a "ransom" note in the pocket of The of the gun, which the Emporia boy admitted he had taken from the sheriff's office. The boy, said to be a ward of the juvenile court, had been picked up on suspicion and was being subjected to a routine search when the note was found. "Was I surprised." exclaimed the sheriff. The note which startled the sheriff read: "Mr. Owen if your want your gun back place $35 in a pacage put it in that gas truck across the street the money will have to be put in the truck by Wed.

night you will get your gun it will be left on your front porach and you had better have that money or you wont get your gun. dont let no body see you put it in the truck," "Come on sonny, let's get that gun," Sheriff Owens said to the boy after reading the notes. Hat! Some Target Practice The boy guided the sheriff to a timbered spot along a slough near the Cottonwood river, one mile southeast of town. The machine gun had been hidden under trash and leaves and the case was recovered nearby, Sheriff Owens said. Top Bid for City Hall Is $16,125 F.

E. Pennington Is High Bidder for Decision Wednesday Fi'unk E. Pennington's bid of $16,125 for the old city building was the highest among scveij submitted and opened by the city commissioners at 'their meeting this morning. The commissioners indicated that Mr. Pennington's bid was the only one high enough to consider and that a decision might be made Wednesday morning.

Mr. Pennington is an Emporio. parngemnn and service station operator. The second high bid wah $10,000 by the Bailey Transfer company. Other bids in order were $8,887 by the Jones Construction company; $8,515 by the Lawrence Motor company: $7.250 by Charles Scott.

Dr. Pepper Bottling Works; $7,000 by the Waters Motor company, and $3,550 by G. T. Likes. Makes Alternate Offer "The bids for the old city building nnd the site composed of two lots making the property 130 by 100 in size.

Mr. Pennington submitted an alternative bid of $13.625 for a 75-foot front on Mechanic instead of 100 feet, making the plot he would purchase 75 by 130. This would leave 25 feet more space for the city parking lot behind the building. One of the reasons for lack of action on the bids-today was to give the city engineer time to determine where the 75-foot line in the alternative bid would fall, it was determined that it would run through about the middle of the one-story portion of the old cltv building un about 25 times. The gun never had been fired by county officers.

In a statement to the sheriff and police the boy, who is heid in the city jail, said that he entered the courthouse about 4 o'clock Sunday afternoon through a basement window of a men's rest room. He said he climbed through a transom over the door of the sheriff's office Under cross examination by Campbell, Rutherford said "that the patrol was charged with making arrests for crimes committed within presence. Campbell asked Rutherford if in the absence of Superintendent Moomau the assistant superintendent could issue orders. Rutherford ir. the affirmative "Is it not a fact that he often does issue orders?" Campbell asked seldom," Rutherford said 'Were any orders given by Zur- bucken to you to grant privileges to bootleggers?" "No sir." Also testifying from the patrol were Patrolman Clarence Shelton who had been stationed, near Hutch-' Inson, and Sgt.

Rutherford Drews Dodge City. Their testimony virtu-' aJy was identical to that of Rutherford as -were the questions asked them. Also appearing as defense nesses were Hugh F. Exiwards. cap- ScTt 6 lad 1 Scott Agency." rjll the head of the United States dele- and ith a knlfc cut Venetian blind cords which were used in lowering the heavy pun and case to the ground on the north nidc of the courthouse.

The boy said that he Newtorner-Rindom Estate, Wi S5. dT. patrol and Lt. A. N.

Schiebner, both on page tmi Bob Anderson dependable insurance; 601 ConsT Phone grttion. Sir David Maxwell-Fyfe headed Britain's delegation while Col. Yuri Pokrovsky and Charles Dubost were sitting as temporary chief prosecutors for Russia and France. At- Alderman's mention of anti- Jewish fuImJnalions during the prewar period fay Alfred Rosenberg, that defendant hurriedly replaced his earphones. Julius Streicher.

No. 1 Nazi Jew-baiter, sat bolt upright when he was named in the indictment. Goering nodded with emphasis when the prosecutor recalled his announcement of 50 years ago that Germany was building a military airforce. Crimes Against Mankind Prosecutor Alderman concluded the reading of the first count, of the indictment with these words: "The defendant with divers other persons are guilty of a common plan of conspiracy for accomplishment of crimes against against crimes not only against armed forces of their enemies but also against non belligerent civilian populations." The 20 Nazi defendants were dressed in simple uniforms without medals or insignia of rank or in simple civilian suits donated Irom charity stores. German counsel, sitting in two rows In front the prisoners dock, followed intently the slow careful reading of the document 1 Through the reading of the counts Arthur Seyss-Inquart, Ktt- Icr's man in the 1938 seizure of Austria, stared blankly through thick ler.scd spectacles as his role on uaj 1 (Coiutnufd on page ten) which extends north froin the rear of the building.

CiLy Garage Might Stay In his bid, Mr. Pennington made the statement that if he were permitted to buy the property, he allow that portion of the building now used for the city's garage, to remain occupied by city until March 1. The location for the city garage is one of the problems confronting the city commission in event of the sale of the ok! building. Another problem will be to find a place for the police radio aerial now on ton the old building. Last week the city commissioners announced a proposal to move the garage into the basement of the Civic auditorium, but there had been no forma! vote taken on the matter.

Since the announcement considerable opposition to the move has been heard by the commissioners. Parking lot areas also dejMind upon the sale of the old and It is expected that if the sale is made, the city will soon announce locations for lots which willl help with the parking situation. The city commissioners, in advertising for bids on tiie old building, reserved the right to reject any or nil bids. Expect Congress To Give Early Attention to Bill Action on Health Program Will Be Slow, Representatives Warn; Reactions Vary Washington, Nov. 20 03 3 President Truman's request for a broad health and medical program received assurances today of early congressional attention but deferred action.

Its points also met with both approval and disapproval of the American Medical association. Representative Priest chairman of the House Interstate health subcommittee promised hearings soon, but he declined to say just when they would start or how long they might last. Senator Wagner (D-NY), who with Representntive (D- Mich) introduced a bill to carry out the President's recommendations, predicted Senate labor committee action within two months. Otherwise, congressional reaction to the message read by a House clerk to about a score of members wiis indefinite. Most of the lawmakers told reporters they wanted to know more about it, particularly if it approached what some called "socialized medicine." No I lusty Action "It will receive careful scrutiny," said Representative Kuntson (Minn), ranking Republican on the House ways and mentis committee.

"While the President emphasized that it was not socialized medicine, we want to be convinced of that. There will be no hasty action." In his message, Mr. Truman said "socialized medicine means that all doctors work as employes of government. The American people want no such system. No such system is Ltcrc proposed." Asserting ihaat "millions of our citixcns do not now have a full measure of opportunity to achieve and enjoy good health" and lack "protection or security ngainst the economic effects of sickness," the President added: "The time has arrived for action to help them attain that opportunity and that protection.

5 Basic Problems He urged that Congress give consideration "now" to these live "basic 1. More adequate distribution of. doctors and hospitals, particularly to meet "deficiencies" in rural and semi-rural areas. To do this he proposed federal financing aid to build needed hospitals, health centers and other facilities. 2.

Development of public health services and maternal and child care aids, with "adequate provision. for the safe birth of every baby, and for the health protection infants and children." 3. Well directed and continuously supported" research to help teach people "how to keep well and how- to prolong healthy human life." Over Individual Costs 4. Relief from "the high cost of individual medical care." Mr. Truman said, "should ready access to all necessary medI- cal, hospital and related sen-ices," and "I recommend solving the basic problem by distributing the costs through expansion of our existing compulsory social insurance system." The plan he outlined would leave patients free to chocse their own physicians and hospitals and allow physicians to accept or reject patients.

Congress would determine the cost of thU insurance and the manner of payment. 5. Insurance loss of cam- ines because of sickness, through, expansion of the present social Insurances-stem "with anproprlate aditi-slnu-ni of premiums." Or. thf fifth point, tho President said he would to say later. For Christmas Before you buy your Christmas cards or stationery, be sure to sec our samples, printed or plain.

Didde Office Shipment of Bibles. Choice assortment Just received. Eckdall.