The Cincinnati Enquirer from Cincinnati, Ohio • Page 148

-imwry nynp1- ijyiry iryT; -p iy ii ungi mi Hi gay 'tlTVTI" wy.i, 1-10 PEOPLFTODAY THE CINCINNATI ENQUIRER Sunday. November 1078 Iistory's 100 Most Influential People A Matter Of Opinion EDWIN 0. REISCHAUER CHAIM POTOK BARBARA W. TUCHAAAN spite his ultimate failure, was for a time the most influential man in the world; Roosevelt Inaugurated a new era in social legislation; Churchill maintained Eurooe's last resistance to Hitler until, with American help (directed by Roosevelt), the worst tyranny to rise since Ghengis Khan was defeated. What kind of "historian" omits these figures? THE SUPERABUNDANCE of men of science and applied ocience in the list (30 out of 100) is remarkable in view of the absence of arty figure in law, architecture, poetry, business or the labor movement I recognize the difficulty of selecting any one outstanding person in these fields, but Mr.

Hart should surely have tried: Dante, for Instance, and, given the influence of the automobile on the modern world, certainly Henry Ford. I am not equipped to question the choice of scientists although it seems rather arbitrary: Hippocrates, Linnaeus, the Curies are notably absent, as are the codl-fiers of law Hammurabi, or Groti-us. Mr. Hart finds it "worth noting" that his list contains only three persons who lived from the 10th to the 15th centuries. This demonstrates only Mr.

Hart's limitations, not those of the Middle Ages. Where are St. Benedict and St. Dominic, founders of monastic Dante (again) and Chaucer, who put great literature into the vernacular; St. Francis of Assist, founder of the Franciscans and the friars' orders; Thomas Aquinas, the universal authority; Thomas a Kempls, author of The Imitation of Christ, the most widely read book after the Bible; John Wycliffe and Jan Hus, formulators of Protestantism long before Luther? Mahatma Gandhi, who influenced a whole continent, belongs in the list; possibly also Goethe, standard-bearer of the romantic.

My own list would have to Include Mozart, influential in the sense that he has given more pleasure to more people, perhaps, than anyone else in the world of art (Tuchman Is an American historian whose latest book is A Distant Mirror: The Calamitous 14th Century.) Continued on Page I-ll. a background for its still more remarkable rise to world prominence during the past century. I have suggested eight names. They would help a bit to redress the balance between science and the arts and between the West, particularly the English-speaking West, and at least one part of the East. (Reischauer Is a Harvard University historian and was U.S.

ambassador to Japan in 1961-66.) a ft BY BARBARA W. TUCHAAAN Having seen only Mr. Hart's list and not his book, I do not know what were his criteria for being "influential." I take the word to mean having a decisive or determining effect on men's minds, actions, ways of life or on the course of history. In that contest, the list would have to include Themlstocles and Pausanias, who may stand for the victory of the Greeks over the Persians in the fifth century BC, which ensured for Europe a Western rather than Oriental development, and equally Sclpio Africanus, who may stand for the victory of Rome over Carthage which confirmed the earlier result. Representing the opposite movement, Mohammed II, whose conquest of Constantinople marked the end of the Byzantine Empire and its replacement by the Ottoman, with immense future effect on Europe, should be included.

THE MOST influential event, if not person, in modern history was the French Revolution, from which all modern politics descends. No one person was its Ideologue or initiator, which doubtless accounts for its absence from Mr. Hart's list; still, the great dividing line should have been represented in some way, perhaps by the French Goddess of Liberty. The most striking peculiarity of the list is the presence of John F. Kennedy and the absence of Abraham Lincoln, Woodrow Wilson, Franklin D.

Roosevelt and Winston Churchill. I am told that Kennedy was included because he authorized the space program, but that is a kind of Indirect credit, whereas Lincoln preserved the Union and thus the ultimate position of the United States in world affairs; Wilson, de (Before reading the following essays, turn to Page 50 of today's Enquirer Magazine and read Michael Hart's list of the 100 most influential people in history. Ed.) Special to The Washington Post The Washington. Post asked three nationally-known thinkers to assess Michael Hart's list in his book, The 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons in History. Here are their comments.

BY CHAIAA POTOK-1 Subjectivity and impermanence are probably the only enduring qualities of any list of great persons. Names shift about in the blowing winds of fashion and history. This is a butterfly matter, a thing of tastes and attitudes that are as evanescent as a color-splashed sunset. Still, sunsets sometimes set the juices of the mind flowing, as has this list by what it tells us and omits. This list tells us that we are a single species on this flying ball of metal and dust and that any consideration of great persons must include all the civilizations of man.

That is sensible and acceptable. WHY THEN do we hear nothing of King Sargon I of Akkad, who invented the idea of empire and made possible the first major fusion of cultures-Semitic and Sumerian known to our species? Why do we not see the name of Hammurabi, the Amorite ktng'Whose codification of the laws of his lands inf lu- enced millennia of history? is Ashurbanipal absent, the Assyrian king who, sated with empire, built the libraries that stored the literary treasures of the ancient world and, since their discovery by archaeologists in the last century, have enabled modern man to roam about vast territories of the mind, thereby transforming our perception of the nature and achievements of our species? The list is freighted with scientists and inventors, and rightly so. Science has altered the mindset of man. But why are we given Otto, who helped pioneer the combustion engine, and Daguerre, who Invented photography, while Archimedes is ignored? And what of Hippocrates, the father of medicine? the realm of art, why are we offered Michelangelo and Picasso and not Giotto, who: liberated figure and feeling from the stoniness of Byzantine art and made Western art possible? And why is there no mention of at least one or two of the great artists of the Oriental world? WHY LOCKE and not Kant? In the history of thought, Kant's epis-temology is pivotal. And why Washington and not Lincoln? Why John F.

Kennedy and not Franklin D. Roosevelt or Harry S. Truman? Why is Moses in 16th place? Jesus, Paul and Mohammed are inconceivable outside the basic framework of Mosaic monotheism. Why King Menes, probable founder of the Egyptian Old Kingdom, and not King David, who united Israel and Judah and made Jerusalem a vital point in the unfolding history of man? Much of the Bible was written down under the impetus of Davidic unity and created out of its frenetic splintered aftermath. And how strange it is that none of tKe prophets is mentioned.

Would Jesus have been possible without Isaiah? The prophets altered the thinking of many by making history linear rather than cyclical, directed to the ultimate redemptive goal of a Messiah rather than chained to the endless recurrences of the Sun, the Moon, the seasons and the grinding emptiness and complacency of cult-oriented worship that cared little about the moral behavior of man. Finally, in terms of influence, numbers conquered, ongoing creativity, seminality of ideas, the No. 1 place on this list should probably go to Karl Marx for the vast, complex leftist world he created. His thought, in its many corruptions, dominates more than one billion people on our planet. There is much about this list of the great that I do not understand.

But it tweaked the mind and, as a result, made this brief exercise worthwhile. (Potok is an American novelist His latest book, Wanderings, a history of the Jews, is to be published thismonth.) A BY EDWIN O. REISCHAUER Lists of the 100 greatest or most influential persons in history always leave me caught between amusement and outrage: so much depends on one's national and professional angles of vision. I find 38 names from the fields of science or technology, to 17 or so conquerors and explorers, to two each in literature, art and music. Even a non-esthetic type like myself is shocked.

The English-speaking corner of the world has 24. A man from outer space should have no difficulty in deteminlng the cultural background and interest of our list maker. Putting the names in sequence of importance is like evaluating the comparative importance of such items as water, love and Europe. I shall concentrate on the neglected esthetic fields, even though I am a historian and social scientist. FIRST, IN literature, Lady Mura-saki, author of The Tale of Oenji, should be there.

Hers is the world's first great novel and a masterpiece of psychological subtlety. It has deeply Influenced most Japanese literature for the millennium since her time and is now spreading Its influence throughout the world. The great Chinese literary tradition should not be overlooked either. Poetry Is perhaps the field to look to. I would nominate LI T'ai-po (Li Po) from the eighth century, though others, such as Tu Fu and Po Chu-i of much the same time would do.

All these men had a tremendous impact on the poetic tradition, not just of China, but the whole of East Asia. East Asian art cannot be ignored. In recent years its subtle simplicities have begun to influence the esthetic eye of the whole world. Even if we have overlooked Praxiteles, Giotto, Rembrandt, the French Impressionists and a hundred others in the West, we should have at least one of the great Chinese medieval landscapists. Yielding to a personal preference, I shall suggest Ma Yuan of the 12th and 13th centuries from among dozens of comparable names.

THE JAPANESE masters of design should not be overlooked either, such as Ogata Korin of the 17th century and one of the creators of the Japanese tradition of landscape gardening which is fast becoming our own. Here, Muso Ko-kushi of the 14th century would be a good name, for he was also a shaper of the Zen Institutions of Japan. China's Intellectual tradition needs better representation. There are no names between the pre-third century classical philosophers and Mao Tse-tung. Until recent years, Chu Hsi of the 12th century was possibly the most influential mind in all of East Asia, though Wang Yang-ming of the 15th and 16th centuries probably deserved inclusion too, especially because of his great influence on the 19th century creators of modern Japan.

I have one other name to propose from the better represented categories of conquerors and statesmen. This is the 16th century Japanese Hideyoshi, who not only reunited the country but established the social and political system that persisted until the mld-19th century, underlying Japan's remarkable progress at that time and serving as waetswres YOUR PERSONAL BI0RHYTHMS By Bernard Glttelson, Author of "Biorhythm: A Personal Science" SALE PARAKEETS The personal science of biorhythm can tell you how your day will go. Now you can judge the highs and lows of not only yourself, but loved Reg. 14.95 8.79 ones and friends, and celebrities and stars. Biorhythm, our newest scientific discipline, is the study of the built-in natural cycles that Aielp your chilA powerfully influence our behavior.

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Now you can buy a pair of running shoes designed by a former National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) engineer for $50 Previously shunning them as a fad appealing to hippie types, makers of regular beds now are dipping their corporate toes into the waterbed business, Simmons Co. being the first The 25-cent hamburger is making a comeback via Friendly Ice Cream a Massachusetts-based restaurant chain. The first such restaurant will open in Springfield, Mass. It will be called "Special's." 10 GALLON STARTER SET rcg. 19.82 11.88 Includes: tank, pump, filter, tubing, food and dtxhlorimior.

Biorhythms for November 19 1978 PHYSICAL: Criticals: 6, 18, 29, 41, 52, 64, 75 Careful, you are critical Highs: 1-5, 19-28, 42-51, 6574 A good day to work Lows: 717, 3040, 5363 You feel sapped today EMOTIONAL: Criticals: 1, 15, 29, 43, 57, 71, 85 Accident prone today Highs: 214, 3042, 5870 In good mood, enjoy Lows: 16 28, 44 56, 7284 Gloomy, glum day INTELLECTUAL: Criticals: 16, 33, 49, 66, 82 Dangerous day mentally Highs: 115, 3448, 6781 Can see ideas clearly Lows: 1732, 5065, 8395 Foolish action day Arthur Ashe's permanent numbers are 39, 35, 36. Enter your own permanent numbers in the chart in the bottom right-hand corner. To figure your own permanent numbers, follow these three steps: Step 1: From the year chart, find the numbers corresponding to your year of birth. For instance, if you were born in 1947, your number for Physical would be 21, Emotional 17, Intellectual 19. Note whether your numbers are preceded by an A or this will be used for Step 2.

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This opportunity requires a design degree, an aggressive self-starter capable of handling a complete project, from client contact through installation. Send resume to The Cincinnati Enquirer BoxR-421 Cincinnati, Ohio 45302 1900-09 1910-19 1920-29 1930-39 I I I I I I I I I I I I 0 A13 15 13 A8 27 2 B3 11 24 A22 24 14 1 A10 16 15 A5 0 4 A1 13 27 A19 25 16 2 A7 17 17 B2 16 A21 14 29 B16 26 18 3 A4 18 19 AO 3 9 A18 15 31 A14 0 21 4 B1 19 21 A20 4 11 B15 16 0 A11 1 23 5 A22 21 24 A17 5 13 A13 18 3 A8 2 25 6 A19 22 26 B14 6 15 A10 19 5 B5 3 27 7 A16 23 28 A12 8 18 A7 20 7 A3 5 30 8 B13 24 30 A9 9 20 B4 21 9 AO 6 32 9 I A11 I 26 I 0 I A6 I 10 I 22 A2 23 I 12 I A20 I 7 I 1 I 1940-49 I 1950-59 I 1960-69 I 1970-79 I I I I I I I I I I I 0 B17 8 3 A13 21 26 B8 5 15 A4 18 5 1 A15 10 6 A10 22 28 A6 7 16 A1 19 7 2 A12 11 8 B7 23 30 A3 8 20 B2-1 20 9 3 A9 12 10 A5 25 0 AO 9 22 A19 22 12 4 B6 13 12 A2 26 2 B20 10 24 A16 23 14 5 A4 15 15 A22 27 4 A18 12 27 A13 24 16 6 A1 16 17 B19 0, 6 A15 13 29 B1Q 25 18 7 A21 17 19 A17 2, 9 A12 14 31 A8 27 21 8 B18 18 21 A14 3 11 B9 15 0 A5 0 23 9 I A16 20 24 A11 I 4 13 I A7 I 17 3 I Buy I Yard Get I Free! Time to harvest the values at Banasch's. We have exciting Fall fabrics arriving daily, but no room to put them. You can help and get a bargain at the same time. Come gobble up the savings just in time for the Thanksgiving holidays selection.

Coating Wools Sweater Knits Stripes Solids Solid Printed Interlocks Fall Cotton Prints PolyWool Gabardine PolyWool Double Knits Challis Prints Knitted Super Suede Many more Fashion Fabric Bargains! 225 North Barron Street, Eaton. "Ohio Step 2: Now find the corresponding number for the month you were born. If your month is February, and your year numbers were preceded by a your month numbers would be 8 for Physical, 3 for Emotional and 31 for Intellectual. Enter your own numbers in the figure chart for Step 2. Thanksgiving Enjoy A Traditional Thanksgiving Dinner In Our Country Formal Atmosphere.

We Will Serve From 11 A.M. You May Select From 3 Entrees including: Fresh Tom Turkey, Roasted To Perfection With Pecan Stuffing Tender Baked Ham With Brandied Fruit Sauce Our Own Prime Ribsof Beef With Yorkshire Pudding Complete with hore d'oeuvres to aii For 795 Jan. Feb. March April May June TTe I I I I I I I I I PTe I I I I I A 0 0 0 8 3 31 13 3 26 21 6 24 5 8 21 13 11 19 I 0 I 0 I 0 I 8 I 3 I 31 I 14 I 4 I 27 I 22 I 7 1 25 I 6 I 9 1 22 14 1 12 l20 July Aug. Sept.

Oct. Nov. Dec. TTe I i "pei I I i I I i I I i I I i AJOJlJ6J6i4J3J12J0i1J 5 24 7 12 26 4 21 14 17 6 17 1 15 I 14 I 20 1 13 I 21 I 22 1 10 6 25 I 8 I 13 I 27 I 5 Step 3: In the figure chart, enter your day of birth three times, one each for Physical (P), Emotional (E) and Intellectual (I). (If you were bom on April 3, for instance, place a 3 in each column.) FABRICS Add the three columns to derive your permanent biorhythm numbers for your Physical, Emotional and Intellectual cycles.

Now you can refer to today's rhythms. 520 Broadway 721-5210 Cell 4S6-4175 r752. FIGURE HERE: open Monday Friday. Nov. 24 til 8:30 P.M.- STEP 1.

BIRTH YEAR These numbers are yours permanently. Check them each day for your biorhythm reading. STEP 2. A-B MONTH OF BIRTH Shoppers Charge Master Charge BankAmericard American Express STEP 3. DA OF BIRTH TOTAL fill ii -n.