Logansport Pharos-Tribune from Logansport, Indiana • Page 8

Pharos-Tribune, Logansport, Ind. Wednesday August 1,1979 The Americans We Are Free' MANAGUA, Nicaragua (UPU) The people in Managua's 14th of September neighborhood are smiling now, despite the shortage of food, the bomb craters in their streets and the sporadic shooting still heard at night. The war finally is over. Women sit peacefully rocking on their porches while their children play in the rubble- filled streets. Smoke from cooking stoves fills the air.

The 8,000 residents of the 14th of neighborhood the dale marks Nicaragua's independence day from Spain in 1821 are looking forward to a difficult but hopeful future. "Even if we are hungry we cannot compare it to how much we suffered," said Julieta Lacayo, referring to the rule of President Anastasio Somoza and his family. Lacayo is a member of the local civil defense committee formed just before the war to coordinate the distribution of food and medical supplies. The committee is similar to hundreds of others that have been formed in the villages and neighborhoods of Nicaragua to make a census and distribute relief aid equitably. One by one or in small groups, residents of Hie neighborhood, the site of sonic of the heaviest lighting in Managua during the war, walked into the church of Pablo for a meeting of the committee.

They told how 21 of their neighbors had been killed and more than 300 wounded during the seven week war that overthrew Somoza. One night during the fighting in eastern Managua, the Sandmista soldiers told the neighborhood residents they had run out of ammunition. So in the middle of the nighl the people started banging their pots and pans simultaneously, creating a sudden, deafening noise. "The guard was totally confused." recalled Uriel Jeda as her friends laughed around her. "They did not know what to do and they had to leave.

It was beautiful." But they spoke with intense feeling as they recalled the repression they said they had suffered under the national guard over the years. Rafael Valdez said that whenever the people of Nicaragua protested increases in the price ol transportation or basic foods, the guard always reacted in a repressive manner. All meetings were considered to be subversive and communist. Valdez added thnt If 11 person was fount! painting anti-government slogans on walls or in possession of book considered subversive, he was taken away and never heard from again, loiter the bodies would float to (he shore of Lake Mnnaguii, he said The residents said that in more recent limes the gunnl had rounded up nil young men to prevent them from Joining the soldiers. Mothers were afraid to Id their children play baseball for fear the guard would come and take them away.

Others said Hie national guard controlled the flourishing prostitution and illegal gambling establishments and that it was involved in drug trafficking, "With that type of system what kind of country can prosper?" said Ksaul Loza. "I don't think any can." Why. then, did it take 43 years to overthrow the Somoza family dynasty? "He took advantage of igno- rance," Christina de Marenco answered. "The budget for schiwls In Nicaragua is almost nothing' while that lor buying arms is very high. It is a luxury to go to school.

We are percent illiterate. The residents interviewed did not appear very friendly In their feelings towards the United States. While they said the national guardsmen now being held prisoner should not be executed, they all smiled when asked what should be done with Somoza and his son Amistasio Somoza Portocar- rero They should be tried and executed, they said. They added it was not likely to happen because Somoza has been given asylum in the United States. "The politics of the United States has always been to protect criminals," Valdez said to unanimous agreement.

Crowds of residents gathered on corners as two foreign visitors were leaving the neighborhood. They smiled and waved, and one woman called after them, "Tell the Americans we are free." How Large Is The Universe? WASHINGTON (UPI) How large is the universe? Will it go on expanding'' And what will happen if it doesn't? Finding answers to those questions is one of the biggest tasks facing astronomers, according to Dr. Herbert Friedman, the chief scientist at the Hulburt Center for Space Research at the Naval Research Laboratory. Friedman said "about 99 percent" oi astronomers believe in the "big bang" theory of the origin of the universe which holds that billions of years ago the entire universe was compacted inlo a ball. For reasons unknown, that ball exploded the "big bang" and ever since, all components of the universe have been flying away from each other.

The question for astronomers today, Friedman said, is will the expansion ever stop. If it does, the universe is "closed," meaning it has a limit. If it doesn't, it means there is no limit. Friedman said most scientists believe the universe's expansion is slowing down, because of the gravitational pull exerted by the mass of all the objects in the universe. He said the expansion will eventually stop and the universe will begin to fall back on itself if the mass of the objects in it stars, planets, interstellar gas and dust is above a certain "critical level." If the mass is more than the critical level, the universe will be closed.

If it is below the level, the universe will keep expanding forever. So far, the universe's known mass doesn't approach the critical level, but astronomers are not sure how much mass the universe had. But the star-gazing satellite called the High Energy Astronomical Observatory, or HEAO, has helped astronomers make progress. The satellite uses an X-ray telescope to detect X-rays from deep space which are- blocked from ground observatories by Earth's atmosphere. Friedman says "the excitement in recent years is that X-ray astronomy indicates substantial amounts" of hot gases exist which astronomers didn't know about.

The newly discovered gases mean the universe's mass is greater than previously thought, Friedman said. Astronomers have not found nearly enough gas to reach the critical level, but he adds that by calculating from what they have found already "you can get to the critical mass." However, the second HEAO, launched last fall, has shown that the gases may be concentrated in galaxies instead of being spread out evenly through space. If more study confirms that, Friedman said, it will Indicate the universe is open. That is because the universe is so vasd at least 20 billion light years in diameter that it would contain much more gas if the gas were diffused through space rather than concentrated in a few places. "The question for some time has been is the diffuse background truly diffuse or is it distant galaxies," Friedman said.

Presently, Friedman said, astronomers think "the universe is either barely open or barely closed." "Intellectually, certainly it's one of the biggest questions we can ask. Basically, we try to understand the universe. We want to know how it was created and what it's fate will be." Eyes Tell Truth NEW YORK (UPI) Anthropologist Edward T. Hall says PLO leader Yasir Arafat wears dark glasses to take advantage of the pupil response to keep others from "reading" his reactions by watching the pupils of his eyes dilate. Hall is an authority on face- to-face contact between persons of different cultures.

In an interview on understanding Arab culture, he says a University of Chicago psychologist discovered the role pupils play as sensitive indicators. Hal! says Eckhard Hess found pupils dilate when you are interested in something but tend to contract if something is said that you dislike. the Arabs have known about the pupil response for hundreds if not thousands of years," Hall says. "Since people can't control the response of their eyes, which is a dead giveaway, many Arabs, like Arafat, wear dark glasses, even indoors." The interview with Hall was published in the August issue of Psychology Today. Sale! CHILDRENS SANDALS 2 Pair for ONE SPECIAL GROUP LADIES AND CHILDRENS SHOES 2 Pair or 0.00 ONE GROUP CHILDRENS AND LADIES SHOES 2 Pair or 15.00 OPEN DAILY Fri.

SALES FINAL EXCHANGES ALL MENS SALE SHOES 2 Pair for 20.00 Chinese Herbs Treasure Of New Cures BALTIMORE (UP1) When Dr. Liang-Yi Cha's 60- year-old aunt visited her native China in January and came down with a severe headache, aspirin was not what the doctor prescribed. Instead, she was taken to Peking Friendship Hospital where her physician nephew placed a herbal paste at the base of her neck and gave her acupuncture treatments. "It's traditional Chinese medicine," explained Cha. Cha, who is studying at the Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, is trying to show his American colleagues that using special herbs to treat disease can prove more effective and less costly than pills and serums.

"It is not only very ef- fective, it is very easy to get the drugs," Cha said. The 47-year-old physician said doctors in China now are using Western medical know-how to explore the history of traditional Chinese medicine. "It is a rich legacy," said Cha, referring to the more than 200 types of herbs used over the centuries to treat the Chinese people. "It is really a treasure house." Cha, vice director of medicine at the 700-bed Peking hospital, said Chinese pharmaceutical companies till large gardens to raise the plants that produce more than 500 different kinds of herbal medicines. He added that Chinese scientists and researchers are finding that the combination of Western and traditional Chinese medicine is effectilfe especially in treatment if chronic diseases such as peptic ulcers, colitis, chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and evsE- cancer of the liver.

He said the side effects oU- the centuries-old-medicine are less severe and last for a shorter length of time than those caused by Western drugs. In the treatment of peptic ulcers, Peking Friendship- doctors use Western suctisn tubes to clear a patientfs stomach of gastric fluids while performing acupuncture on the knee, Cfta said. Then the patient is fe4 herbal medicines through the- stomach tube. r-i. DOLLAR DAYS Thurs.

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