Detroit Free Press from Detroit, Michigan • Page 32

4B The Detroit News Sunday, November 1, 1998 Poor house became a top mental site A 1 i ill 4 r.Ktiz 1 i mm tp hi 1 1 1 It '-or" 1 til it If I I i in 111 i i I 5 1 4, Ji Robin Buckson The Detroit News Carl Lesser, 73, carries hay to feed some of the sheep he raises in Dexter Township. "This is Just another bandage" and won't save farmland, he says of Proposal 1. Washtenaw farmers split over land issue xt. vJ A History of the Wayne County Infirmary, Psychiatric, and General Hospital Complex at Eloise, Michigan The main building of the Wayne County asylum was built in 1869, with wings added in 1876. Previously, patients were housed in a barn, upstairs from where pigs were kept.

Eloise complex became like a city as its population grew. By George Hunter The Detroit News WESTLAND The Eloise mental hospital with its foreboding, rust-colored buildings surrounded by a dark green, wrought-iron fence opened in 1839, when Wayne County paid $800 for a 160-acre farm in Nankin Township (now Westland). The county erected a structure to house 35 indigent people and called it the Wayne County Poor House. The first residents were moved from another poor house at Gratiot and Mt. Elliott in Detroit.

Many of the people scheduled to be transferred balked at the move, complaining the new facility was too far out in the wilderness. The poor house admitted jts first mental patient, Biddy Hughes, in 1841. Hughes was committed by her family while in her mid-30s, and stayed at the facility until her death 58 years later. A county report from the 1840s refers to the "harsh restraints" used to separate the mentally ill from the other patients. The insane were housed in a barn, upstairs from where the pigs were kept.

The facility was renamed in 1894, when Freeman Dickerson, president of the county board overseeing the poor house, named it after his 5-year-old daughter, Eloise. As the Eloise population grew, the complex became a city unto itself, with 75 buildings that included a fire department, powerhouses to supply energy and low-rent employee housing. Eloise was again renamed in 1945 as Wayne County General Hospital and Infirmary, although most people continued to refer to it as Eloise. The hospital, once considered one of the best in the country, pioneered many treatments for the mentally ill not all of them humane. A 1953 Detroit News headline boasts, "4,000 Electrical Shock Treatments to be Given at Eloise." The article quotes hospital officials praising the benefits of shock therapy.

In the early 1950s, doctors at Eloise pioneered a new treatment that would make many people chuckle today: television therapy. Doctors at the time hailed television as an "amazing way to treat neurotics and mild schizoids." Comedies arid love stories were considered to be the most therapeutic, Most of the buildings at Eloise were razed in the 1980s. The psychiatric facility was closed in 1981, and the Westland Medical Center took over the hospital in the mid-'8os. Oak-wood Hospital operates the building, which is set to be demolished in the spring to make room for a 200-unit condominium complex. 4- -Milt David Coafes 77ie Dctroii News An abandoned cemetery used by the Eloise mental hospital on an isolated patch of land near Michigan Avenue in Westland was rediscovered just a few years ago.

Proposal 1 would increase taxes to buy development rights. By Aram Kalousdian Under accusations of illegal activity, a hotly debated land preservation initiative is headed for Washtenaw County voters Tuesday. Proposal 1 calls for a 10-year, 04-mill countywide property tax increase to pay for the purchase of development rights for agricultural land and open space preservation, urban revitalization and planning and technical assistance. In September, Washtenaw Citizens for Responsible Growth, a coalition that opposes the measure, filed complaints against Washtenaw County and Michigan State University Extension-Washtenaw County with the state, alleging that county staff and resources were used to promote passage of Proposal 1 in violation of election laws. No decision has been made.

"The county government is going to be the recipient of $32 million if this passes and it appears to me that they have been working very diligently to see that it's passed," said Jeff Muir, campaign manager for Washtenaw Citizens for Responsible Growth. Washtenaw County Administrator Bob Guenzel said the complaints are without merit. "There have been a series of public forums and they are simply billed to give citizens information about the proposal. We also did two informational sheets and I think they are very straightforward in saying what the proposal docs, what it costs and what the history is on it," he said. Beth Bashbrt, campaign manager for Save Our Land, Save Our Future, believes Proposal 1 has merit.

"This proposal is meant to balance out-of-control development with leaving open spaces and farmlands in tandem with the development," she said. "Some of this land is farmland and our hope is that farmers who wish to take advantage of this program will do so." Washtenaw Citizens for Responsible Growth says unintended consequences would be to raise the cost of living, diminish affordable housing and strain the infrastructure. Even farmers are split. Ed Makielski has a 91-acre farm in Pittsfield Charter Township, where he grows raspberries and soybeans. "I'm against this proposal, because Tm working for pennies and this will tax me dollars," he said.

"This program will only save approximately 3 percent of the farms over a 10-year period. This will have no effect on urban sprawl, and, if anything, will increase it." Carl J. Lesser owns 80 acres and rents 220 acres in Dexter, Lima, Scio and Webster townships to raise crops and cattle. "The worst part of it is that when you sell your development rights, which I would never do, you've tied that piece of land up forever for agricultural use. If you don't want to farm or can't make a go of it, what's left to sell? This is an assault on property rights," he said.

But Manchester Township farmers Mike and Kathy Fusilier support Proposal 1. "I think that if something isn't done, there's going to be more and more development in the rural areas," Kathy Fusilier said. "One of the problems my husband and I have faced is that we haven't been able to purchase farm land." They own approximately 50 acres of farmland and rent about 450 acres. Under the proposal, farmland in the program will be more affordable. Aram Kalousdian is an Ann Arbor free-lance writer.

Only two of the ledgers can be accounted for, so the identities of most of the people buried in the graves including No. 3296 remains a mystery. Ford bought about 200 acres of the land west of the cemetery in 1995 and converted it to a greenfield. During the course of landscaping the property, Ford workers charitably cut the cemetery grass for the first time in 47 years. But the thicket has since grown back, again obscuring the humble gravestones.

"It's a shame somebody can't do something to maintain it," Rembisz said. "We tried to get the cemetery designated as a his-toridal site. But we still haven't heard anything about it. I'm not giving up hope, though something needs to be done to preserve a part of the county's heritage." Rembisz said he was embarrassed two years ago, when a woman from France came to him looking for a relative who had died at Eloise. "I felt very uncomfortable," he said.

"She didn't find a cemetery she found a no man's land." GRAVES Continued from Page iB Once among the largest mental hospitals in the country with more than 8,000 patients, Wayne County General Hospital (Eloise) as it was renamed in 1945 was closed in 1981 due to a combination of financial problems and mental health care reform. Since then, most of the 902-acre complex has stood empty. Recently, however, the land owned by Wayne County has gained the interest of developers. Detroit builder Painia Development Corp. plans to break ground on a 200-unit luxury town house community on the Eloise complex next spring.

The $4o-million project, Greenbrook Condominiums of Westland, will overlook the new Inkster Valley Golf Course, which opened on the property in June. The Kay Beard Building, which housed the Eloise administrative offices, is the last remaining major building on the property. Two smaller structures, an old fire station and a power plant, also stand. Michael Prochaska, director of the Wayne County Business Development Division, said the county is working on a master plan to further develop the Eloise complex. "We're finally starting to utilize that land in a way that will generate revenue," he said, noting the county sold the 24-acre condo site to Painia for $510,000 or about $21,000 an acre.

But the overgrown necropolis, unused since 1948, remains untouchable. "That's prime land, not far from Metro Airport, and it's just sitting there," Henry said. "Frankly, we don't know what to do with it." Henry said the Wayne County Department of Public Services Buildings Division is responsible for maintaining the Eloise grounds. Henry's department found out about the cemetery three years ago, when Ford Motor Land Development Co. inquired about purchasing a large tract of land on the south side of Michigan at Henry Ruff Road.

"I guess the cemetery just sort of fell through the cracks," he said. After Ford's inquiry, an exam mission to move the bodies," Frank Rembisz said. Rembisz is former president of the Hamtramck City Council and is widely acknowledged as the unofficial Wayne County historian. "Then, they'd have had to bring in Talmudic scholars from Israel to sift through the earth to make sure there were no remains left. "It would've been an extremely expensive proposition, and GM figured it wasn't worth the trouble.

So they built around it," Rembisz said. He is now director of the Wayne County Office on Aging whose office is housed in the Kay Beard Building at Eloise. "You always want to preserve grave sites whenever you can. It's the decent thing to do, and cemeteries are a part of our heritage that shouldn't be forgotten." The Eloise cemetery was in use from 1910-48. The families of the people buried there either couldn't afford formal burials or didn't claim the bodies.

Each tombstone is marked with a number, which corresponds to records that were kept in a series of ledgers at Eloise. ination of the deed revealed about 7,100 former Eloise patients were buried on the eastern edge of the lot. "It would be impossible to build on that property, because many of the records are lost, and we don't know who's buried there," Henry said. "You have to get permission from the families to move the bodies before you can develop a graveyard site. Since most of the records are lost, we obviously can't do that.

So we're stuck." Developing on cemetery sites usually presents problems. In 1989, former Detroit Mayor Coleman Young scrapped a plan to expand Detroit City Airport over nearby Gethsemane Cemetery after, outraged relatives protested. In the early '90s, Southwest Airlines pulled out of City Airport after the city couldn't come through on promises to extend a runway because of the cemetery. In the early '80s, General Motors Corp. had to build around a Jewish cemetery when it built its Poletown plant in Hamtramck.

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