The Times from London, Greater London, England • Page 9

THE TIMES, WEDSDAY, JANUARY 12, 1S7U. CONTEXT OK THIS DAY'S PAPEIL 1 XoU. j.jJSSpiUi lT IMA. H. (tetam TreJe 1 1.ii tiwk Mocj.

1WI power of thbso rhetorical compromise! which fail in tho hour 'of need because they represent no reality arid wo have yet to whether 31. Sav or 31. DcfaCke will be able evon to patch up a truce. M. Hi rrrr proposes i to jwttlejthedispute.by drawing up such an address of guijanc to tho a the whoYo of the 31 misters miijhi sign, and 31.

DtrJiCKi: jiiefcnd that prpiwsal with arguments cliaracU rutie uf his career. "We ought, TM nfew 'tW i cliaracU rutie of his carter. ay, jo devise a programme round which seem part of Uoots's method of criticism to take just as much of a system as ho pleases for 'his particular purpose, and to negUct all the rest. He declares in breath that he is not in favour of cmutatinrr those Continental Nations'' which maintain vast scription, ana tho nrat no procotMs up: to a nominal, Military Lhidgot which a system of Conscription is essential. Coni ne potent critics, whether 1 ailumcnt or elsewnerc, all will not bo misled, bv snob inconsistent alh'ga haa boen accepted as dn.d.of tho elementary and indiiipimsabSe pints of judicial reform, but it remains to be swn whether the provisions of tho Judicature Act in this pariicuiar hicli uiuloubtedly represented tho intentions of Parliament and tho aricl until then, the; new Tribunals have been and purchased.

The consideration of then ought cer will he bunlf hed with tha dead weight left bv tha tainlv to temDer our satisfaction at the result Annies by eon 1 demandtof theeountry.osu be thoroughly carriedinto ot'da to hold ith the present judicial machinery. Tbt brief experience of this Michaelmas between the I hortcomings oi the old system, and ben, ai accomplished. If we are asked what these rc mU. nr. fnnvol rSnlr tlieV iu 1.0 wikv bv the testswe have it toay be hoped thW wdl soon cease to be, em barrassed by an irfcular and ill distributed strain oiijthehr.not too vigorous forces.

tii.n JL TrJr rally, wd ought to, is tions but it is too Uid tuat they should bo OMi. m4 Mil ti. elude Ujne Who will sincert ly rally to Sf." He deliberately proiHundd to a itiovincial arr bviicc, it tawrf (Mrh jMr.wi' "icans tiiat the addrcsv should purjcly Ikj maae under the Kinctwn ol local ojlt tntits, a aUorum TU SLJJ V1vc t)ur en r.f jivuniiitic tlirlt' it iinr lev fliii 'n'tnlilnm vif tniliturv iirn.Tpi7itii'ii. The letters vi govern oer ina urn nay, ha 10 oe caY0a' to 'He I i ci ttuu vuiuwiudo ttM" 4 oat evenin i 'j .3 u.orue no wir if oi ue worwng oi ia La remarks Prtion audthts ChriitmasYaca ui.iL cmpU' of detinitp Tl ronrt Th.u oui 1 equahv agiixal'lii to Koyaiists, liepuuu in aiw iher plea, which ecm iily fallacious iua v)Mtr ltrcwiuj AMJinMiii ctit, aiid iitonaitartiKts M. l)urAUKE cucouraijeil Hotiis.

nnforluiutelv. has lattlv betn couuU ivmct iUi tiu Cburt tuU Ckiruiu: in (hem hovr they luJ 3lr. his' coHeaiueK to' mako such an', attempt Uy remind striven to eliace Hut in the iery I a tji. fj i same ireair. no nau io aumu mat mo eiuri iiau IvWtrMi T.

Tvt. failtl, arid a very little rvllectidn might havy taught less to invite tlio of iall who aru Conser iMul(" i 1110 tiiviKious ivi evil i ariies.t jj; Tl i JmtUS" AlloUumU. CuUjr. jftwi rrrUXetteAvt rucrt.sibrAuciu. lOSDOy, JTEDXCSDAY, JAXVARY 12, 1S76.

Vacoawho has followed the recent courso of wrtT wsrfire in ftanco can feel the slightest sur the crisis which has ahatcu tlie French of which atives, ull who desire to maintain the Contituiipn, and all who wih well the power of llaruhal ilxo Maiio.v. The fact that BcriCTand 31. LkonSav aro both; Cjonsenativos does not prevent them from radically diticring the instant they como to apply tho iwwcrs bi the Coiistitutioii. M. P'eiuv ami 31.

BovcntK kro pcrLp oro loyal to that Coiistitflr tion thari 31. BurrtT himself lyet he would oppose; tliese moderate gentlemen with" tho whole iinfluence of his Government. Marshal 3Iac3Iaho.v is more or less supported by all the sections of the Hepublican Party but they wish him to remain at the head of the Stato for very different reasons from which guide 31. Bfrnrr or the Due do Lhooue. Tlie fact is tliai so long as great 1'arty is determined to naintaia tho llepublic at any cost, and another the result ot which is stiU un' onlv cause for wonder is that 31, Tlrrrtr and 31.

Lfco.v Say have kept together so I lies in wait to destroy it, rhetorical forms of ton The Tiolitical tie letwoen tnem nas oeen so i cibate that it boen snipped by in article iu a JsroJwlicli disdains to perplex itself with the Kiioos taatters of life. The mere fact of their taioo shocked all the ordinary ideas of Parlia jaenUry Government. When tlie Republic was Ctitutionally esUWished Marshal 31 ac3Iahojj put 3L Brnrr at the head of its 31iniatry for tho very porpow of making it as little of a Republic as possible. Both was necessary to give two or three seats to the sabers of tlie Left Centre, bocausa without them ti Government could not secure a majority, and one of these places fell to 31. Ltos Say.

While iaaactly a Conservative, he believes that France aa safely more only in the path traced for her by tin Great Revolution, and he stigmatized the jttempt to restore the Legitimate 3Ionarchy as an effort to tate revenge for the triumph of the palitical ideas which are loosely styled the principles of t8Q. An Orleanist by family ties and training, he has been made, the sincere advocate of a Republic because no other form of Go reraaent can, he believes, hold ita ground a a country where three Monarchical Parties compete for victory. lie went into the Cabinet to make the Republic a reality. His object in to check 3L Bcrrxr and the rest of the Royalist iOniiters. For months this function seemed to bo t'sallity, because the Minister of tho Interiou persisted in confounding all Republicans under the same of Radicals as iincoremonioutly as if 3L Lio' Eat did not exist.

A touch of absurdity, how given to the positions of both by the voting for the life members of the Senate. 31. Bctfet Torked, like the Due de Beogue, to put a garrison of Orleauists into that stronghold of the Constitution, sad he and his Roydut colleagues voted for tint list of the Right which is now a satire ca the vanity of human wishes. M. Lox Say, ca the other hand, openly supported the Left.

He has subsequently allowed himself to be proposed as one of three Republican candidates fx the Senatorial seats of the Sftine et Oise. His cclltapei ar highly respectable, it is true ono of theta, 3L Fekat, being a great manufacturer, and tie other, 3L Bocchee, being President of tlie Qeaeral Council of the Department. Both are Conservative, but they are also Republican, and htace 1L Bcnxr holds that they are enemies of tisJlAisnix. He was very much shocked, there fore, to find one of his fellow 3Iinisters ion the urns list, and his surprise was quite natural The ral Tonder is that it took him bo long to see the ksardity of 31. Say's position and his own.

Marshal 3Iac3Iahon and 3L "Bcitet wage war on Republicanism because they think it leads to Ralkalam. and thence to Revolution. Thev WSct that in coming into the Cabinet M. Ltos 8ai agreed to act with them, but they neglected to 'Jate the terms of the alliance, and of course the tad he understood it in different senses. When tt3T found tht he not only retained his old con Tctons, but persisted in acting outside the limit what they called the Conservative Party, they Tooli gladly have freed themselves from the srtrrassraent o'f his presence in the Cabinet, if could hare dispjnsed with the votes of the left Centre.

Now that the Assembly is as good as iiawlved, they are less dependent on that support. ts not necessary to inquire whether any of 1L tT's colleagues prompted the article in which the Jfyaro accused him of clinging to office at the very bns When be is using his 3Iinisterial influence in ttTonr of the SIajishal's politittd enemies. Such an Jtioawas ineviUble, and, when it had once ttad public, all the incidents of the story by our Paris Correspondent followed in per ly nitursl order. The 3Iaesuai. asks 3C "frrtt whether Sr.

i. rolttr in mm taeaiai of the Government 3L Buffet WbsUatially replies that ho is; the 31 aeshal requests ther to withdraw his name from the JWan list and put it on a list of conciliation by the Government or resign offico 3L Sat resigns rather than separate himself ha political friends. Whether the JLi. At and the 3Ii hter of the Lnterior were Pt in thus openly casting themselves flora the whole of tlie Censervative "Weans on the eve of a general elec JJ 'more than doubtful; but, if we put rT qnestiou of prudence, it is difficult to find th them for trj ing to get rid of a hostile col "HP. Aor did any other honourable course lie wto M.

Say, is eager BsmIm th VnKn Pcy equivocation. ttahTln0t "Tered himself from his Republi a place among candidates noto to restore a 3r0narchy or an Empire, I itoT ti hU convictions for office. It wLU diTorc" tween him and 31, Bcriirr TtaJ0 Criticin, but the original union nea disagreed about the very ques Jhich the Asssmbly has been answering T11 month, to hich the nation Bit's dW reply. M. tdictU trvm the day A ffiC Thxt 0 M.

DCFACRK Although he alw i Wit I. M.i. wa mi ill ciliation ihust snap: asunder the first hour of trial. Such an hour has now come, and no skill of management can the two Parties forget the essential cause of thdr disagreement. All the general aiid.

nnmeajjing phrases in 31. Dutacke's by other autiioritios. Like Lord Ukuv, will have 'no terms with tho 3Iilitu. So hmgurio is tlo strong iu 'which to "uenounce tiiem. Tiiey aru "Athogreatcst military sham in Kuropc." Smitlarly, Liy CJ key quietly put them aside from his cji'isidc a3 a substantial lenient in our of vlloinc Defence.

Now, wo not concerned to maintain that tho Alilitu. aro xt tho present moment a fifectivo .1 firco as they" ought to bo. Computoiit military critics, indeed, liwa pronounced a ven different ojunion from that 3Ir. li'oLiis upon tho etiicieucv of those corps are, we are must be measured rather by the we suggested above than by any monr nicely adjusted balance of practical gain3 losses. have fiJed up the map of Central Africa with a few lake, rirer valleys, and monnfciin chains, more or less accurately surveyed, and e.

cave thereby rejoiced the heart of tlie Ilojul Geographical So I will ive a fresh stimulus to 'S'? bave more tnan wice trjreweu me con Ji tiw Ibrir and excitito history i tinent froia ibQ 1 to io fho concnts of is onl in part apputxi utxnn olUn, railhicai exnloration. In aitburnev to that chain ot Iaaw through ono tho feitttugs before Christinas, liie. SiUinigs of jover ei htt cii raonthstho' intrepid 'traveller i 01 officii to How. We MHC lUo 4 snni0n iw Aiivuwnat. unrts were frwa qiji.fto through the mbt in navc demonstrated that the mtoncs one a huspendvd all Cut.orio instance after the.

24th of 1 n.ib'n 4Va Tfc Mt nt. blank on our coui districts rich in 1 1 T.t IT IT: 1 1 rv I ii me oia iicnaeinuu lerm, onrnwV froin a iue system. was explained yesterday in "our African continent me. jpir.cipie a crtitmuous aaramis tlu ulUc iot eresd i trajion "of jiutibe wo3 "onlj in part applied, teij for then six Judges had to Ixs withdrawn fo work of Winter Assizes. yet had experience of the contiuuo S.

Sittings of all tho Courts TTrtieh the JudicatuftT Act; in fulfilment of pledges long ago an reptjatediy given by Uoyal ComniiiMioni nml IirHarneitary Corn ratttooj, had It is apparently uncertain whetlicrnvo can hopo at present to hve any sucii, xna Act niav i abtiarentlv snlnHfin nf th Tiri iKUrri. have then, w'bich has long perplexed geographers aHd explorers voiwuuuy. on.uis mnrhiftw Uh tUtiVf t.v(n!j luyituH vi uuiaua sA iu tib Congo. Tboiigh he lias: not completely fulfilled his original intention of tracing out the Ldalaba through the Congo to the Vt Coast, yet hj has so far determined the course of the fofnier of riyer us to leavo no reasonable doubt, in the minds ay promise ofjthose bestoualided to iuda. of its identity with continuora Sittiuiri alt the Divisions and bub Divuions of tfco Supreme Court of Judicature, timtS tmvord m'nt'rv nf rh n.1 3Iihtia which lavo fraiirtnuo to.stime taken part in i out no pronsion to tcu eilect carl get judicial work agricultural fertility ai' that it' our3Ianoeiivres.

Ii the forco is not, asji whokyj dqne if there are not.a sulncient number of Judges cuh Ik; re ache by analmost uninterrupted channel of up to this standard, let it by. all means be improved. to grapple with every part of it. Unless some change, i water communication either from the east or west. But all we aro concerned to observe at tho present mado in tho existing nrrancemetits for the moment is that the surpoidtioii on this deprc judicial work of tlie Assizes, it is apparent that the ciation of the 3Iilitia is founded is a completo mis priiiciploof continuous Sittings liiust again submit take.

AH Europe "tays 3Ir. Holms, has comu to moaihcatiou. "to the conclusion that it is unwise to. luvo 1 ho distribution of the Judicial Staff for the aiivthins but trained feoldiers," and ho is military experience has been to ihcreiiso tho amount vocabulary will not liide the fact that tho battle is 0f training required to mako competent soldiers. despatch of businejs iii the Common Law Divisions anxious to substituto for tlie Militia trained and of the Supreme Court has not yet, it xiiav be pro i.n,vunf man I filirv fwi'm tll Krm lHillt I 8linifHl.

lil I II fllinllv Kl.tttcul Tf in 1... nvl if nl of view, scouts the notion of 3Iilitia meeting tho as a matter of practice at least that the Courts sitting regular trained forces of the Continental owers. Va Lane are to be constituted of three Judges each, 2Cow, no one, so fur as we know, ever urged that and thus the three Common Law Divisional Courts untrained men could be safely Jed into notion but would absorb nine Judges, or ono half of their entire when it is allejrwl that tho tendency of recent judicial strength, in this department of work; On to be fought between the friends and the foes, not of Conservatism or of 3Iarshal 31ac3Iahon, but of a Republic. It is not surprising to bear that the Cabinet Council held yesterday failed to find oven such terms as would seem unhieauing to all, and that tlie Ministers disagreed the instant they had to explain them'selves. We believe, also," that the clearer tho issue set before the electors, and the mora decisive the result, the better will it be France.

She lias been suffering from the ambiguities of the very policy still recommended by 31. DcfaI'RE. Her peace has; been disturbed by underhand battles for and against a Republic, a3Ionarchy, and ah Empire. Deliberate' attempts. have been uuide to confuso tho public mind by the employment; of ambiguous phrases.

Strategyt plots, surprises, have taken the place of open combat Thus tho nation) does not know whom, to trust, and the two sides of the Assembly! have lost all faith in the fairness of each other. If such a system were to last much longer, it would tend to disgust the mass of voters with Parliamentary. institutions, and prompt them once more to put their trust in the swift aud simple methods a military despotism. 31. Casimie Pbiee sees that danger much more clearly than 3L DuraUBE, and ho gave some admirable ad vico to the eiectors in the" address we published on General and vaguej professions of faith, high flown words; devoid of" meaning," he says, are now no longer in season.

France is tired of ambiguities and reserves. Everybody should clearly show what he ii and what he wants. You iwill resolutely set aside whoever disguise his idea, for he ill try to deceive jou. If, in a word, the electors insist that every candidate, shall frankly say whether, and iu what sense, he is a Republican; a Royalist, or an Imperialist, the new Assembly will really represent the nation, and it may spread such a snse of security as the country has not known for many. Jfleaa while, M.

Bcpfet and 31. Lox Say would best help to bring about such a result if each were unequivocally to tell the country what he wants. ao fifA. Ji i ai 4u l'a uim 10 Anosiaeoi iu Qtttifcl 4L.4 toUervT unt upoa either hU debat Noone KSTtd t. iyiiaw am naa seems to 0, koning when 31.

to follow hi frkml. Tim HtnrZ r.r!mx to 1 WTEMOJt felt VTm OX m. a trt am 1 tm i wwwv AMV tUV i ate fa 1 ii woiua noi repmentatiTea of th. Left WwX toP i the Cabinet show, wuaains buf ia die eoocillatoxy A private 3Iember of Parliament who lakes upon himself the task not merely of Army Reform but of Army Reconstruction needs, at all two or three qualifications. He ought, at the least, to be thoroughly acquainted, with tho character of modern military organization, and he ought to be capable of interpreting accurately statements of military If, moreover, not content with' studying the question for the instruction of his own constituents and for the; purposes of Farliamentarycriticism, he undertakes a campaign throughout the country with object of exciting public discontent with the whole of our present system, he should bo doubly careful both in acquiring knowledge of his subject and; in communicating it accurately.

A man who on so important a subject is found instil ling into the minds of popular audiences what he ought to know are gross fallacies proves himself wantingiin the first essential for rendering real service on tlie subject. We are sorry, accordingly, to be obliged to abandon tho hopo of. advantage from the series of speeches on the; Army; which Mr. Houts declares his intention of delivering before the meeting of Parliament. We reported the first of these speeches yesterday, tlie second will be found in our impression of tolay and 3Ir.

Holms has already propounded two utterly fallacious notions, wliich must, in charity, be ascribed to imperfect knowledge, but which aro wholly inexcusable in a person who makes sucli pretensions to a mastery of tho question. The most flagrant, perhaps, and at the same time tho most mischievous, is involved in the comparison ho put forward' at Shettield betweqa tho cost of tho Prussian Army and; that of tho English. Tho Prussians, he told his audience, who were looking to him for nhitemiIenT, h.d since 1670 taken recruits, "and the expenditure during tlie whole of that period had been 28,500,000 whereas, during tlie same period have raised 104,000 recruits for the Regular Army and 130,000 recruit for the 3Iilitia, and nur expenditure has been 74,000,000. It was excusable, perhaps, that 'these figures should hare made an imperfectly instructed audience cry Shauie but that which is really discreditable is that so misleading a statement should be put forward by a person of 3Ir. Holms's intelligence.

He omitted to tell his hearers that tho Prussian army is raised" by Conscription tliat the Government, consequently, take on their own terms the mas of recruits and that, practically, a largo number of men serve not merely for nothing at all, but at a1 ery heavy personal cost both iri time aud in He did not tell his audieiioe that every man in Prusnia, whatever his position, is obliged to sacrifice at least a whole year of his life to military ervice; and that in the event of war he has to abandon his ordinary occupation, at whatever sacrifice ot earnings, and serve in the ranks as long as his commanders, require. If 3Ir. Holms has over formed any estimate of the amount of forced taxation thusfevied, by a kind, of military poll tax, upon the Prussian people, ho waa singularly uncandid in hot; telling his hearer at Sheffield that the vast sums thus extorted must bo added to the actual expenditure of the Prussian War Office in oruer to obtain a conception of the real cost of the system. If he ha sever attempted to form such an estimate, he has neglected the most essential alamani of his comparison. ut it would we can only bo astonished at so complete a perver sion of the lessons of the last six years.

The fact is precisely the reverse of thi supptwitipu. Roughly speaking, tho position of Iord GkeY and of 3Ir. Holms on this, point is that which vas strenuously mainiained up. to 1870 by i he military authorities of France, and of which tho fallacy was considered to have been conclusively dcnionstrated by tho oxperienco of tliat year. It was the very of French soldiers that tho Prussian Army was no better than and they made light of the numbers which North Germany, could bring into tho field, on the express ground that their own highly trained men would be a match for far Iareer.

but comtiarauvely im trained, forces. French Generals who witnessed Prussian Reviews were contemptuously confident of their power to disjierse such raw levies as they deemed the Prussian troops. Tho Franco German War" was in fact a revelation to Europo that a mwlerato amount of training, at least in an in telliucnt population, could produce soldiers perfectly competent to meet all tho necessities of the most scientific war. Its effect, accordingly, wa3 actually to throw France herself back upon a kind of 3Iilitia system, "and to encourage everywhere the substitution of a local turritorL for a purely professional Army. In; short, the one element in our military system which approaches most nearly to that Piussian model whicli, so far as ho.

pleases, 3fr. Holms holds up to our imitation is tho very 3Iilitia which he disparages and if efficient soldiers can be mado in Prussia by ono year's training, or at tho most bv two, wo have the best of all evidence that, whether or not the 3Iilitia aro thoroughly efficient now, they might easily bo made But what is to be said to a man who can ask why should we maintain a Regular Army: if the aro good enough to defend bur shores for ii they are, then let us disband the Regular Army." Did 3Ir. Holiis forget or expect his audience to forget that this country has other occupations for a military force besides that of Home Defence? Possibly, if we had no other interests than those which aro involved, in the security of thoso islands, we might adopt somo i ii mouineu lorm oi uio russian or swtss system. But as long as we are a great Asiatic and, to somo extent, even a Continental Power, we must of necessity maintain two kinds of Forces one which shall always bo ready for active service abroad, and another which shall, as a rule, serve only at home. 3Ir.Hoi.vs himself, by one of the inconsistencies of which his 6peech is i full, proposes what would como in practice" to much tho same thing.

He would offer to men a choice of homo and foreign service." What could bo the effect of this but to provide us with one forco for service abroad and another forco for. service at home Tho proposal, however, so far as it can be understood, would differ from our present practice in tending to creato a division, both in sympathy and in habits, between two forces of tho same military system. There is no hopo and ho promise in schemes which commence, by proposing the subversion of an existing institution, only to bring us face to faco with tho practical necessities under which that system lias gradually grown up, and which it lias in great measuro met. 31r. Holms sets himself to prove a great deal too much.

Thero is plenty of rocm, no doubt, fee improvement in our military organization, and 31r. Holms may, perhapSj be. competent to criticize in detail, as he attempts this morning, such a scheme as that for tho 3fobili2atioh of the Forces for Home Defence. But our Army and our 3Iilitia have grown up out of the necessities of actual warfare, they liave done good service and it would bo a most hazardous experiment to attempt a complete reconstruction of them. Tho 3Iobilizatiou Scheme is, at all evenU, a step in the right direction, Lecauso it is a deliberate and scicntifiti attempt to organize such forces as wo have got, io turn them to the best account, and to acquainVoursclves.

with their deficiencies. There is nothinw iii modern experience to discredit the general principlesbn which bur 3Iilitary Forco 13 established. Ve combine the professional Army, which is essential for foreign service, with the territorial Anuy, which has been proved capable of being rendered an adequate force for sg.lf defence, and wo possess; a Staff of Officers who aro fully capable of supplying these forces with tlie requisite organization. It is in the latter pomt, far more than in 'that of providing and preparing raw material, tnat we have chietly to learn, from Prussuu tho other hand, it was found during tho 3Iichaelmas SittiiiM that two Xlsi Courts, each with a singloJudgeineachof tho three Divisions, were none ioo many and though, now "tliat the accumulation of arrears at Kisi iViiis has been cleared, away, it might not be necessary to keep six Courts open for such business, wc must be prepared to regard this as a reasonably probable demand. Thus fifteen Judges out of eighteen would, bo draughted to the coutinuoiis Sittings in iAoic and at Xtii Prius, and tho remaining three woujd surely be unequal to the claims business in Lhambers, of the Centraf Criminal Court, and of tho Court of Appeal.

Apjarently, then, there must be somo relaxation of tho principle of continuous. Sittings, even without taking into account tho strain of tho.Assizes. But, supposing such Sittings to bb prolonged steadily for a month beyond tlie date at which they would have ceased under theoldsystem, they cairhardlybokept up after the end of February, when the Circuits begin. If the previous practice bo adhered to, fourteen Judges Will then be withdrawn from tho work of tlie Supremo Court to tho business of tho Assizes, and it will be found difficult during tho ensuing period to keep up oven the pretence of complying with the promise of continuous Sittings. Such a promise Would scarcely bo" fulfilled by tho maintenance of ono Divisional Court in Law with 'thrco Judges, and one Judge disposing of JN'ist Fritu busihtsj.

Yet oven this much cannot be done if a Judge, aa seems indispensable, has to devote his timo to applications in Chambers. Tho Act, it is true, allows a Court in to bo constituted oi two Judges, add to this the pressure of tho A ssizo business will probably force the judicial staff of tho Common Law Divisions to' consent. But no arrangement of this sort would supply even a single Judge from the Common Law Divisions for service in the Court of Appeal and though, no doubt, the requisite number might be borrowed from tho Chancery Division, it would bb dangerous to tho reputation of the new Appellate Tribunal that a single element in the fusion of Law and Equity should have so marked a predominance. Yet these results must folldw, and'must become conspicuous at every Assize so long as the demand of two Judges for each of the six English two more for the Welsh Circuits, is recognized. If we ate not mistaken tho attention of legal reformers will soon be turned to the system of Circuits, not only as in itself needing reformation, but as injuriously hampering tho operation and rV straining the healthy growth of the judicial scheme established by the AcU of 1873 and 1S75.

The question was long ago raised and considered, and the remedies suggested are very various. Some reformers go so far as to advocate the total abolition of Circuits as a part of the policy of localizing justice, which has found many advocates on the Ho is aiinmiiniiinounh to believe that canital and commerce will speedily follow in his footsteps, and tliat the habitabld and healthy portions of Central Africa will shortly be opened up to the population arid industry of the Old orld. Such an anticipa tion if it seems visionary is perhaps only! prema titro at any rate, Lieutenant Cameeo.v, by the ntnnbcr and accuracy of Lis observations, the. records of hicli he hi3 been fortunate enough to preserve through many and dangers, has prepared the way for future explorers. In so doing ho has, as Sir HeS'RY lviixsoN a feat unparalleled in modern geographical discovery, and taken a place hi tho first rank pi African erplorers.

We need n6t iuquiro too anxiously for the immediate and jirwtica! results of a journey like tliis. They will develope themselves, ia due time. But, so long as pAfient courage and indomitable persoveranco are qualities to bo esteemed and cherished, such exploits a. thoe of Lieutenant CAMEr.6x.and his predecessors in the same field will deserve a high place in the. annals of Ehglishmon's deeds of daring and endurance.

It is easy, but not, perhaps, very wise, to under rate tho importance of AfricanEcpIoration, and of sihiilar attempts penetrato barbarous and unknown lands. The solution of geographical problems is a scientific luxury, it mar be said, which is dearly purchased by tho sacrifice of valuablo Population, it maj bo urged, cannot push very far beyond the limits of existing ci ilization, and new lands must bo occupied, they aro to be occupied at all, gradually and by slow and continuous approach, not by a leap in the dark; towards an isolated, inhospitable, "and well nigh inaccessible territory. When the pressure of population in its existing homes becomes intolerable it' will overflow spontaneously into districts fitted for it, civilization will slowly advance its frontiers, and industry will push on to fresh woods and pastures new," just ai tho European settlements in America have spread themselves gradually from tho Atlantic seaboard across to the Pacific If these views were sound, the perilous; and sometimes disastrous enterprises tres.ures, botli mineral and agricultural, but swarming with countless some few perhaps pastoral and simple minded, yet for the. moit port barbarous, waruke, treacherous, and inhospitable. Above all, wo have proved that whtru courage, darimr.

and enternrise are wanted English men are still ready to do wiiat their lathers did, and tliat when civilization makes its next nxvu into the waste places of the earth the wy will, for tho most part, have been shown, as of by man of English race. "hether that move will bp made as soon as Lieutenant Camkro.v, in tho sanguine mood not unnaturally engendered bjr Lis great success, anticipates must remain to be seen. If English adventure ii insatiable, English capital is only less timid than that of other nations, and we doubt whether it wdl choose a field for its activity in Africa, until what lieutenant jCamehox euphemistical if not para Uoxically, calls tho diplomatic difficulties hare been at least provisionally adjusted. He admits that these would be far greater than the msre difficulties of such au enterprise, and we may therefore form a shrewd estimate of their extent and nature from the consideration that his own journey of hard upon twenty months was almost literally a series of hairbreadth 'scapes by flood and field, with constant, risk of aire and slaughter. Three years is the period he assign for the opening of Central' Africa, and he demands a capital of one or two millions for the task.

We shall almost be accounted sanguine when we say that if by the end of the century the tide of population and industry has begun to set steadily towards the regions he has explored, Lmsosiv'sz will not have lived and died in vain, and our real for African Exploration will baro vindicated its share in the progress of mankind. IRELASD. (Br Telxgkapk.) (raoM oca Swx corresposdest.) DUBLIX, TCESDAr Nmnr. To day being the first day of Term, all the Judges sat in their respective Courts, with the exception of Chief Justice 3lonahan (Common Piexi), who has resigned hi' consequence of ill health after nearly years service. At tha sitting of the Court of Queen's Bench the Lord Chief Justice called attention to the state of the business.

He said the Court of Exchequer Chamber would sit on 3Ionday next to give judgment in the cases which were argued last Term. With to the cases for argument in that Court, three or four had been standing over for 11 months, not from any indisposition to hear them, but because six Judges, wera required to constitute the Court, and it had not been possible to obtain these. There were cases from tho Queen's Bench, a formidable list of 21. traverses against a railway company, or awards by an arbitration had been handed in, and tho Court wished to consider hoir provision was for the trial of them. Tho total tAtncan ixploration would not be i justified either amount of tho awards vas and the bh scientific or on practical grounds.

But, granting total amount claimed was 353,197. Ii one Judge them all duo weight, it must be obvious that they of the Court undertook the. trial of these cases while nt tli vi Jidva l.f. I the remainihz three Judge were withdrawn to Yesterday the Supreme Court of Judicature began its sittings after the Christmas; Vacation. Tho 11th of Januaiy has for many a year been ma ed in legal calendars, and even in the memories of the litigating public, a tho opening day of Hilary Tvrm.

But Hilary Term itself is now a thing of the past legal terms having been abolished by the Judicature Act. Tho distinction between in Term and out of Term has no longer any significance, except for the students of tho Inns of Court, but the day is still for practitioners and client the close of truce and the commencement of conflict. Under the new Act, indeed, the period of conflict will not be suspended until the middle of the week, before Easter, while on tho old system a truce would have occurred at the end of tho current month. Tlie continuous Sitting of all the Superior Tribunal score of swiftness and cheapness, but which is open to as many objections. Others look in tho opposite direction for tho solution of the difficulty, aud would support a large addition to the numerical strength of the judicial staff but this policy would not, to say the least, be welcomed very warmly by a Parliament wliich, in accepting the Judicature Bill, was not a little infiuenced by economical arguments.

Probably neither of those plan3 will find favour, for tho pnnt at atijr rate, among practical politicians. But if we are to reap tho full atlvantage of tho new scheii.e of Judicature, au attempt iLust bo made so to re arrange the Circuit work as to avoid a deplorable wasto of most valuable judicial time. Is it not possible to extend the operation of a plan, which was found to work satisfactorily during the Winter Assizes to send only a aicgle Judge to most of tho Assize towns In one or two places oil eacli Circuit the assistance of a second Judge may be necessary, but that is no reason why two Judges one ninth of tho wholo judicial staff available for service on tho Circuits should be solemnly sent down to Lewes, or Appleby," or Oakham. The work in some parts of the and the 3Iidlaiid Circuits, for instance, is enormously heavy, and two Judges' at Liverpool or Leeds would often need assistance. But in the ordinary A'ssizo towns tho business rarely requires to be divided, and there is no longer any such reason for sendiug two Judge to the same place as there was when the "gaol delivery" included of cases, and questions of criminal law had to be finally settled by tho Judge who tried each case.

The Cour. of Criminal Appeal now relieves tho Judgo of the responsibility which formerly ho was glad to mitigate by consulution with a colleague, and which must hare weighed very heavily when life was at stake even upon the most trivial charjes. Jt is to be hoped that the distribution of judicial force, on the Circuit will be considered carefully and in time, with reference not oidy to the demands of Assize business, but to the necessity of giving the new Act fair play in the despatch of business at Aw Priiis and cases in Jixne. Already, and spite of the interruption caused by the Winter Assize, the mass of arrears which the Common Law Divisions of the Supreme Court had to face' When the Judicature Act came into operation has been much diminished, and though tho diminution was chiefly effected in tho iVtri Jfriujr business for two Courts in each Division attacked this the success achieved promises well for the progress of the task. If before" the commencement of the Assizes the arrears have been got out of tlie way, and if the Circuits can be rearrangedrearranged so as to make the moit advantageous use of the judicial power at our command, hope to see what the Judicature Act can really do before the Courts rise for the Easter Vacation.

Hitherto, to regard the solution of a scientific problem aa worthy even of the greatest sacrifices, and, at a timo when our knowledge of the' world we live in is extending in every direction, the existence of large portions of tho earth's surface of which we know absolutely nothing would rightly be regarded as a reproach, if it wero hot so often a spur, to our enterprise. 3Ien's minds are sp constituted that a problem which strikes the imagination is often pursued with an ardour quite out of proportion its apparent utility, and it is difficult to estimate tho amount of positive knowledge which the; speculations, and inquiries concerning tho sources of the 2ile had elicited ipng before thq problem had been if, indeed, it definitely! solved. In fact, although it is true that population and settlement must proceed by slow and gradual steps, it is also indisputable that tho' explorer, whatever his purpose, has constantly acted as the pioneer of industry and commerce. Xotliinz, for instance, could at first sight seem less promising than an attempt to pene trato and occupy tho drearj and forbidding desert of Central Australia and the fearful journey of Bukkj: and Wills, with it truly tragic ending, seemed almost to show that nature had decided against the Yet we believe that settlements have already extended beyond the scene of theiri heroic death, and the telegraph which links 3Ielbourne and' Sydney with Europo follows; very closely the line of their ill fated Expedition. Again, men liad long looked with wistful gaze across tho Atlantic towards tho Zsew World which fable and tradition declared to exist before Columbcu had the courage, to try and find whew it lay.

We may, indeed, trust the instinct and necessities of the 1. union race to prompt it to occupy in courso of time all lands) where, it can live in reasonablo comfort and security but it needs all the faith, fcnti.usiasm,and;enterpriso, all the couragu, ardour, and endunmce We can command, to penetrate the iinTmown places of the earth, and to demonstrate with toil, and even with sacrifice, that multitudes can follow with confidence where the solitary foot bai trodden and faltered. Some wanderings in the wilder. r. ess at least are necessary if we would enter into the promised land.

Somo pioneers must labour and fail wherever the army of mankind is destined to advance. 3Ibreover, there is yet anotEer point Of view from which, we may regard the paion to explore unknown lands, for which our conn Iryvnen hat always been conspicuous, with satis faction and. pride. It encourages and developes ijualities of the highest value, to which, though our race has fortunately been deficient in them, the onlinary conditions of modern life are. tertainly not very favourable.

It as not merely a glow of generous enthusiasm which thrills us when we read of the exploit aad endurance pf a LivLXCsTOKE or a Camekox, of a Feaskxix or a Pabey but it is a deep seated and rational satisfaction at these recurring proofs, in spite of alien influences, of that romantic yet sober apirit of adventure, of that un iiaunttd nerve and determination, of that unselfish and endurance neither for gain nor glory, hut for the simplo accomplishment of an appointed task all of which are among the best characteristics of the English people at the brightest period of it history. If; our African Explorations, our Arctie Expeditions, our thousand nameless and unrecorded feats of travell and adventure in every quarter of the globe did nothing more than foster and keep aliro these cherished qualities of our race, they would still claim our admiration and provoke a ge ncine, though perhaps it should alsobe a sober and restrained, enthusiasm. We cannot, indeed, blind ourselves to the sacrifices, inevitable it may be, but still serious, by which our unparalleled successes in the field of African Exploration hart been the Exchequer Chamber, it would amount to shutting up the Court of Queen's Bench altogether for the present, which they were not prepared to do. On the part of the Great Southern and West! i rn Railway Company, it was stated that every i. i lacuity would oo given ior me iriai oi ue iraverses.

31r. Justico Barry fixed the 20th tnst for hearing them. A meeting of the Home Rule League was held this afternoon in the Rotund, 31V. George Austin presiding. On the motion of ex Judge a resolution was passed expressing satisfaction at the manuer in wnich the proceedings at the ceremonial of unveiling the statue of Grattan had passed ot He said the English papers Were i annoyed becaus the demonstration proved it.

I' iiiai: mo larce oy uiuuu souub w.iew Catholics against Protestants bad been played out He denied that, the Home Rule party had done any thing more than take a becoming part in co operating' with others who were not Home Rulers, respecting, as thev did, tlie national feelings of the i country. The day was arriving, however, when all would see that nothing substantial was io a.t gained for Ireland except by the union of. men and the resolve to throw away all hankt mg after English loaves and" fishca; the day wasn for distant when the youth of Ireland would be ail In moving another resolution, 3Ir. Butt referred to the comment which had been made upon the line of action agreed upon in the late Conference. That line had been sketched, in his speech at Limerick, in wliich he stated that measures dealing with the municipal franchise 'municipal privileges, the Irish fisheries, and the grand jury laws' would be brought forward, ife denied that they had announced a policy of obstructiveness, and Expressed his belief that such a policy would not succeed even if the measure which they refused were passed.

There would still bo the gigantic grievance of alien legislation to be removed, but they were not to be precluded in tho meantime, from pressing those other measures onthe attention of Parliament. There was no complaint, against tke Iriih members as long as they were con but now their independent attitude ntcited alarm. OUET CincULAR. OSEORKE. Jix.

1L Tha Qacea sad Prineeu atriee drove odt this itUaJed bjr tb Dowijer 3Irchiones of Elj. Tuz.Ceystai. Palace. The Palace, on Monday Lut preicmted tb tame Coljixy appearance xs oa Mbttdar, the 'M, which iu the fin; lixpeauy ilaruUj. Although the' weatLer "was sot faro arable for holjrdjy ciAitirijf, Tuitors paid for adausitfa, and eaon ticket bo tued the itilea.

It wu tascested that the redaction wuald. drive away the Kuoa ticket holder it latUfae tory, therefore, to know that while on the 5d inst thre wa a alight otf of CJ eaun ticket "hulden, on the 10ta hot. tLere waa actually an increase of more than 20) teamn ticket hoiilen oa the number of the coneipondisi; Jar ot Lvtt year. On all ordinary Mondays toe afmijoa will be only or, including third ciaa rtom ticket from the London atatioas, la. CoLLimT Accident.

As a cage full of men was being drawn np the shaft of the Claadown cual mine, Bad itnek. at the cioe of the day't work on Jlonday, throch tome error in the enjine ifom it wa drawn orer the pulley at the top of the shaft Some of the men were fortunate to eicape from the on to tteroof of the hotue, bat toe other were thrown dUtance of 40ft. to the Sroahd. The abaft ia 4M yard deep, and aerenl mn had a narrow etcape frem falling down it. Many got broken lunba, and two are to eTrely injoied that their life in danger.

lUrtlett. the. engineer, under rexaand oa a charxe of wilfal neglijence. ISaN KnCTTCT. A mcting of creditors of John Sax too Caambera, lUward PTTi.

Joseph Sbortriuge Allison aad Jcmrph in eo prtnerhjp at the Delph IroBworka. lirierleytfll, nnJer tLe ryle cr. era ef Chambers, Elli. and wa held yesterday, at the Great Atem Hotel, Birahichaai, ir. Evers ia the chair.

The lUtenent of affair robzaitted kow4 liabilitiee whieh.S,0W were enteccred, assets estimated at Aa'offer of 2. VxV in the poond waa rejeeted, after a discussion, it was neelred anaaiaooily to wind np the estate br linidatioa. Collisiox xt Sxa. A young man named Gruothoop, a Belgian, waa brought to Gnat Tanaouth yeaterday from Frota hi ttateisent it appear that he waa the ton of the captain of the Clara, a nshinr TeueL 'ny fron Ottend. The Teasel was ma down oa SoiiJay, about 30 railes off Lowutef by the Lily of DeTon, Captain DarU, bailing from the lut camed Grootboop, who about 17 year of ar, wu the only ene of the crew of the Clara tared.

He wv landed at Lowestoft, bat forwarded to the Great Yarmouth Sailors Hozae. sad his case kas been attrodad to by the Tmr' Consul at Great Tanoovth..