The Edwardsville Intelligencer from Edwardsville, Illinois • Page 12

Page 12 THE EDWARDSVILLE INTELLIGENCER. Our Opinions Monday, January 23, Editorials Reagan Wins Pyrrhic Victory "luiiuu.v, i a iyi McCormack: Case in Point State Neecfeto Have New Constitution By James M. Reston (c) 1967 New York Times Washington ENEMIES of academic tolerance will probably cheer the firing of Dr. Clark Kerr as president of the University of California by the stale board of regents. But to those truly concerned ivilh the quality of higher education in California, as well as the national implications of Dr.

Kerr's removal, the ouster is a heavy blow. In Dr. Kerr's eight year tenure as president, the university has become ranked in educational circles among the top state universities in country. The quality of the faculty has increased, also. The university has more Nobel Prize winners on its staff than any other ih the country.

Opponents of Dr. would say, at this point, that student quality has deteriorated. They will point to the unrest at the Berkeley campus during 1965 and 1966, th Free Speech and Filthy movements, the student boycotts and demonstrations, and Dr. Kerr's refusal to take heavy-handed action against student strike leaders. they seem to forget is that Berkeley is only one of the University of California's nine campuses.

They overlook the fact that student unrest has not been limited to Berkeley alone, but has been seen on other campuses, both public and private, across the country. They neglect to point out that many educators consider the 1965 Berkeley student revolt to have been justified, that the university administration had erred in a i away from students some political rights, or that the 1966 boycott failed because students' case a time just did not have merit. Dr. Kerr will not have to worry about his future. His talents are known and surely will be desired by other academic systems.

The cause of higher education in California, however, may be severely disrupted by Dr. Kerr's removal. a good professors who support Dr. Kerr may seek employment elsewhere. Students who recognize his values and goals may stage rebellions of their own.

The board of regents once before recognized the worth of Dr. Kerr. That was in 1955, when Dr. Kerr resigned to protest certain decisions of the board regarding the student revolt. A majority of the regents, realizing that they could not afford to lose a man of his convictions and caliber, persuaded Dr.

Kerr to stay. This year, however, under another governor and a different political climate in California, Dr Kerr's enemies on the state board, the conservatives, made their feelings dramatically known. Gov. Ronald Reagan, who since his election has been at odds uith Dr. Kerr for insisting on budgetary cuts a student tuition, has won an important victory.

His prestige has been enhanced and his power with the regents has been underlined. But the governor's victory, if it can be called that at ail, is a short-term one. Higher education in California i suffer because of his, and the board of regents, shortsightedness. W'TH THE exception of the press itself, no American institution is bettei at handing out criticism or worse at taking criticism than the Congress of the United States. When the Washington Post suggested the other day that the 75-year-old speaker of the House of Representatives, John W.

McCormack of Massachus- setts, was not providing adequate leadership of the Democratic majority and should resign, the wounded cries of his friends rang through the Capi- take to vilify the speaker of the House of Representatives of the United States," cried Rep. Mendel Rivers of South Carolina, "they undermine the war effort of America, they undermine the fighting men on the battlefront and the most anti- Ccmmunist man in America, and they offend the dignity and sensibilities of each one of us." Even allowing for the normal clubbiness and verbal extrava- gance of Windy Hill, these are the silliest statements of the new session. The only thing wrong with the Post's suggestion that it was four years late. Speaker McCormack is an amiable and industrious old tol and even President Johnson gentleman whose outstanding rushed to his defense with com- quality is durability, plaints about "the venemous abuse" of public life. "When the history of this era is written," said Rep.

Hale Bcggs of Louisiana, "no name will loom larger than the name of John "When they (the Post) unfler- To mention him alongside his predecessor, Sam Rayiburn, is ridiculous, and the thought that he was first in succession to the presidency in 1964 still sends a shudder through the federal city. Yet it is unfortunate that the problem of con- gressional leadership came up in personal terms. VcCormack is merely a symbol of the much larger question of age and seniority in a Congress whose mounting work-load is enough to break the back of even the healthiest of young men. What is happening here is fairly obvious. The gap between an increasingly young 5 American population and the aging elders among the congressional leaders and committee chairmen is widening.

Congress is more representative of the nation's growing urban and suburban popula.tion, but its committee chairmen are' not. The old are legislating wiort more for the young. The present pro tern of the Senate, Carl Hayden of Arizona is 89; Speaker McCormack, 75. sn The average age of the chair- 8 We a men of the standing committees of the Senate in the 90th is 65.9 years, the average of the house chairmen, an even 65. In contrast, the average age ot the signers of the Declaration of Independence was 446 years.

President Washington's cabinet averaged 39 years in 1789, President Eisenhower recently discussed this problem in the Reader's Digest. "Ii it is good to restrict the President's period of service as we have already done," he wrote, "then certainly the case for limitation in Congress is evident. -By David C. Becder predominantly Republican and Editor Southern Illinois way Demo- Of Lindsay-Schaub Newspapers cratl1 Navies Fight for Sub Supremacy By Tom Nolan Of Newspaper Enterprise Association Washington THE RUSSIAN Navy, which has no aircraft carriers, uses submarine as its global arm. Currently, more than 400 Soviet submarines prowl the depths of the five oceans and most of the world's seas.

Fo' this reason, the U.S. Navy goes in for antisubmarine warfare (ASW) in a big way- more than $2 billion a year-for strictly defensive reasons. So, the U.S. sub program covers two fronts--offense and defense. are more than 200 destroyers and 100 new DEs on antisub duty.

Each ship is equipped with anlisu'b rockets and latest sonar drones: There are more than 100 DASH (Drone Antisu'b Helicopter) choppers aboard destroyers. Each carries an antisub rocket which is fired electronically. --Carrier based ASW aircraft: The backbone of this arm is the Sikorsky Sea King helicopter. Also available are Grumman Trackers with electronic detection equipment. The director of the Navy's ASW programs is Vice Adim.

Nearly 90 per cent of the 400 Charles Marlell, who has been Soviet submarines are run by given carte blanche to shape conventional diesel engines, but the Russian's are adding about 10 nuclear-powered subs a year. Diesel-powered subs must' stir. The Choice Is an Echo face to recharge their batteries. Current estimates place ASW research. To Martell, research is important, but it's not everything.

"Reliability is our goal. During a war there may be no contacts with, enemy subs for ouua iur hoviet nuclear-powered sub pack months. Yet when we strike it strength at around 45. The United States has 75 nu- must be fast and precise," says Martell. "I'd like to say that A 1964 paperback book, "A Choice, Not An Echo," was not recognized on lists of best sellers, but it was one of the most widely distributed books of the year, an estimated 2.5 million copies.

The books were purchased in quantity lots and distributed to many Americans who hadn't asked for the book and did not read it. The book was written by Mrs. Phyllis Schlafly, of Alton, 111., to promote the Republican party nomination of Sen. Barry Goldwater for President and, later, to'urge his election. The John Birch Society circulated the book extensively during the campaign.

Mrs. Scalafly's Ister book, "The Gravediggers," of which Admiral Chester Ward, a former Navy judge advocate general, was co-author, did not have such a wide distribution. That book attacked the Kennedy and Johnson administrations as deliberately trying to help the Coviets "bury" the United Static, as Premier Nikita Khrushchev had threatened. all this relatively ancient political history? Because Mrs. Schlafly next week makes a preliminary bid for the presidency of the National Federation of Reipublican Women when the group's 69-member board meets in New Orleans to name a nominating committee.

The federation election will be held in May. Mrs. Schlafly's supporters will try to win control of the nominating committee. She will have the support of the ultra-conservative wing of the federation which may reflect, unofficially, the pattern of philosophical division in the Republican National Committee and rank and file of registered Republican voters. Mrs.

Schlafly carries into the campaigns, her own and the 1968 presidential contest, a built-in to Gov. Nelson Rockefeller, who tried to stem the Goldwater tide at the San Francisco convention, and Gov. George Romney, who refused to support Goldwater, the Republican party's nominee, in the election campaign. So the women of the federation's board meeting at New Orleans will have a choice next week. WiU it be an echo, of 1964? clear-powered subs: 41 Polaris industry-Navy efforts in" reiia- types (armed with atomic-tipped missiles) and 34 attack-antisub models.

In addition, the United States has more than 100 conventional underwater vessels. Over the years, ASW systems development has tended to lag behind submarine development. Since World War II, the submarine's submerged speed has increased five-fold, as has its depth capacity. Its underwater endurance has become nearly infinite and its sonars, fire control systems and weapons are bihty have been highly success- fufl, but the truth is they have not in many cases. "I'd rather have a dumb torpedo that acted dumb time after time than to-have a sophisticated turpedo a always had a nervous breakdown." Some he continues, have produced great satisfaction.

Sonobuoys, for instance, are now giving better than 9S per cent operability in fleet maneuvers. Other areas (which he does not specify) have produced little satisfaction. "Wher I hear somebody say, "Well, we realize that this par- ticula- area is not exactly up to standards, but our follow- on gear-will certainly correct I want to throw the guy out of my office," he says. Martell--and many otheer Navy sources, for that matter- believe that a war at sea is now a distinct possibility, particularly since intelligence sources have revealed that Red China is fairly close to developing a missile-firing sub. "Yet now we have a situation in which men stay on and on in Congress.

Some, from so- called safe districts, are able to gain re-election with little- effort. "Yet few persons retain full into their 70's and had cases in both the House and Senate in which heads of important committees grew senile or became too ill lo carry on their duties and yet retained their positions of power." Growing Complexities All this is well known lo members of the House and Senale--this and much more. They are aware from personal experience of the growing complexity of playing hounddog and watchdog over an expanded government, whose Defense Department alone has a budget of $73 billion and owns real and personal property valued alS183.6 billion. They know the increasing mental and physical energy required to deal with an ever wider range of wholly new urban, scientific, technological, social and economic problems; to keep up with an expanding federal executive and an increasingly young and mobile electoral and lo meet the pressures of running for re-election. Yet Congress wants to reorganize and modernize everything but itself, and denounces anybody who suggests that the true interests of the nation should come before the very a but outmoded habits of the' congressional establishment.

"My speaker, right or wrong" they say, which is kindly, but a little out of dale. IN HIS State of the Stale message Jan. 4, Gov. Otto Kerner "Time continues to be a measure of the inherent weakness of our Constitution." He was talking about the basic document of Illinois government a constitution adopted May 13, 1870. Illinois' Constitution was designed to serve a population of about 2.5 million and a state government that annually spent about $13 million.

Today there are about 11 million residents and annual spending is more than S2 billion. These figures alone provide a sound argument for constitutional revision and should help convince the legislature to start complicated legal machinery to bring the question to a stale- wide vote. It has been obvious for years that constitutional revision was needed. It also also is obvious that the present system of revising the Constitution, a piece at a time, is too slow for the fast-growing State ol Illinois. In a new constitution, flexibility for the future should be a main goal.

Many weak points the present constitution are due to the manner in which it was framed. The leaders of 1870 were too concerned with specific issues of the day. INSTEAD OF a flexible document like the US Con- situlion, (he Illinois Constitution dealt with many specific An innocuous of the Constitution's a i i is a Revenue Article section permitting the City of Chicago to issue S5 million in bonds to help pay for the World's Columbian Exposition. This was a world's fair held in 1893. Just as the Revenue Article was designed for the horse-and- buggy years of the 19th Century, so were other constitutional articles The present Illinois Constitution does not grant women the right to vole.

An eligible voter is "a male citizen ol the United Slates, above the age of 21 An amendment to the U.S. Constitution overrides the state on this question. UNDER THE present tuticn. the legislature 15 permitted to meet in regular session once every two years. This probably was sufficim! in a day when slate government was complicated and a trip from deep Southern Illinois to Springfield was a long journey.

The trip today takes at most a few hours and the problems ot slate government require more than biennial consideration. In addition to the need for annual sessions, there is a need to update the Legislative Article to conform to one-man, one- vote decisions of the S. Supreme Court. Another area where change would be desirable is the method of selecting the executive live voting is an example. It was designed lo insure minority party represenlation in the House of Representatives at a time when northern Illinois a Another, problem which may keep President Johnson awake late at night is whether that proposed merged Cabinet department should be called Commerce and Labor, or Labor and Commerce.

den said: "Diffusion oi power goes not safeguard against official abuse, but only disguises it. Responsibility must be concentrated so that the people may know who to blame if a responsibility is not met" In his state of the Slate speech, Kerner quoted Lowden and called for abolition of all state elective officers except governor and lieutenant governor. There Are 3 U.S. Budgets By Richard Spong Editorial Research Reports sophisticated enough so that it can attack without surfacing. ASW systems are now mainly nas tnree sets matter of acoustics.

Navy search planes can still blanket the oceans, but they are not effective against deep-diving subs. Of the Navy's $3-plus billion ASW budget, about $400 million goes for research and development most of it in the area of acoustics. The latest, hardware DEPENDING on the way you figure, the United Stales in budgetary 1966 had either a $2.3 billion deficit, a $3.3 billion deficit, or a billion surplus. Actually, the nation budgets. The first is the regular, "administrative" budget, which is Budget Message.

This excludes the huge income and outgo of the Social Security trust fund. The government's other trust accounts also are left out--the which are strictly financial in nature. Taxes are shown 33 they accrue rather than as they are collected. In this particular period of greatly increased government, spending this budget shines a much more flattering light on federal finances than do the other two. Full of Gimmicks The administrative budget has been criticized as full of gimmicks.

In a recent interview with U.S. News-and World Report, Maurice H. Stans, Budget Director under President Eisenhower, used the terms "sleight of hand," "prestidigitation," and "jig- ultrasensitive "bug" which is dropped onto the ocean from planes to search for subs. Soon, eral employees' and railroad employees' retirement funds, and veterans' life insurance funds. The administrative Order Restored Thank Heavens it's traveling.

Armi Types Once a hostile sub is located, outlays in the form of loans, as well as loan repayments. The second is the "cash" Stans said the fiscal 1967 budget was deceptive but conceded there was no dishonesty in it. For example, he said the budget took credit for the sales of participation in government loans as a reduction of the cost of government. "If the plan is analyzed carefully," Stans said. "it is not really a sale of an asset but actually a borrowing by the federal government This (treatment; is not sound, and the amounts of the sales should have been shown as addilional indebtedness of the government." The budget for fiscal 1968, whicb is about to come out, for the first Time will be drafted under a new planning-program- i budgeting system (PPBS).

Director Charles L. Sehultze, in an interview in Nation's Business, described the new system in this way: "With PPBS we look at the objective, the ways of atlaining it, the advantages and disadvantages of each alternative, both in terms of lowest cost and highest effectiveness. That is why, by the way, a lot of these analyses are called 'cost-effectiveness' riles." a variety of ASW arms can go bud-get. It includes all the cash The BUDGET for fiscal 1968 may go to $140 billion. However, President Johnson's practice has been to produce for the Congress a total somewhat lower than the upper estimates that had been leaked previously.

But estimates are only fairly accurate. Last January, the President put fiscal 1967 spending at $1128 billion, revenues and other income at $111.0 billion, and the deficit at $1.8 billion. Now his revised figures are: spending, S126.7 billion; income, $117.0 deficit $9.7 billion. The anticipated spending in the next budgetary year will that of the 'peak of World War II, which explains Lyndon Johnson's request for a 6 per cent surtax. The alternative--which will certainly be urged on the President--would be drastic cutting of nonde- fense spending.

THE ROAD to complete constitutional revision is difficult and perhaps impossible. Once, since 1870 voters were given a chance to approve a new constitution. It was overwhelmingly rejected In thai 1922 elee- lion more than 83 per cent of the vote was against the proposed new constitution. Many voted against it on the ground that it aulhorized a state in- com tax. If voters are lo have another chance, the legislature must approve pending House and Senate resolutions calling for a constitutional convention.

Then voters in the 1968 general eleclion must approve the convention call. Two convention delegates would be elected from each Senate district in 1969. Within three months after their election, the 116 delegates would frame a new constitution. This would be subject to a statewide vote within six months after the convention adjourns. Operating this machinery could cost several million dollars.

And the new constitution could be rejected. The whole project would be a gamble. But the stakes are high and it's worth the risk. FEELINGS ARE at high pitch in Great Britain these days over the Rhodesia issue. Thus it comes as no surprise that tempers flared during a Trafalgar Square rally Sunday held by Conservatives in support of Ian Smith's white government.

What is somewhat unexpected is that there was violence, that fistfights started and that a near-riot occurred. Americans hearing about British demonstrations are more apt to anticipate sit- downs in the street. That Britons can exhibit the qualities more readily displayed by Continental demonstrators shatters a bit the image of British stolidity The fighting which broke out Sunday in Trafalgar Square began between groups of Conservatives on one side -and Liberal, Socialist and Comm- nist demonstrators on the other. The Conservatives support the Smith government and want British Prime Minister Harold Wilson to "kiss and makr up" with Rhodesia. The anti-Conservatives uphold Mr.

Wiison, denounce Mr. Smith and want Great Britain to take even stronger measures against Rhodesia than the economic sanctions which Britain sought, and got, in the United Nations. Bui- characteristically, there were others in Trafalgar Sqsare that day whose concern were with different issues than Rhodesia. advocating peace in Vietnam. There were some British Fascists, followers of Sir Oswald Mosley's National Union party, who always seem to be on hand when trouble is in the offing.

There were a few men hawking copies of the British Independent, which wants to ship Negro immigrants "back to they came from." Also present was a man, accompanied by his wife and two children, who carried a poster opposing sodomy, another man selling buttons advocating causes from "one man one vole" to free love, severai thousand pigeons, parents and children who go to Trafalgar Square on Sunday to feed the pigeons and a man who sits in a big box and sells bird feed at sixpence a cup. In short, an almost-typical Sunday afternoon in Trafalgar Square, where there is always lots of talk, causes, people and pigeons. That a riot broke out was merely incidental. The end of the violence was typical, too. A Conservative started singing the national anthem, "God Save the Queen," and everybody stopped and joined in.

"The rally was over and most people went home to tea," writes a New York Times correspondent. That's the British way, bless into action. Among them: --Hunter-killer subs: These are "Thresher" type vessels which can'fire underwater missiles as well as conventional torpedos. Some 64 are planned, but only seven of these subs now exist. About half a dozen are built a year.

--Destroyers and destroyer escorts (DEs): Currently there payments to and all the-cash payments from the pulblic. It includes' everything shown in the administrative budget, plus Social Security, the highway program, and other programs handled trust funds. The third is the "national-income-accounts" budget. It includes most of the flows shown in the cash budget, except those TV Confession Hopeless By Russell Baker (c) 1967 New York Times Washington IN DETROIT the police seem to have readied wit's end in the search for methods to make criminal confessions stand up in court. Why else would they be planning to re-, cord confessions on television tape? In theory, the TV confession would help police demonstrate, on the courtroom screen, that its author bad been properly advised of his constitutional rights.

It would also presumably, give visual evidence' that he was talking voluntarily, and not gasping between the thumps of a rubber truncheon. The policeman who conceived this plan obviously -knew nothing about human responses to the television camera. If he had, he would never have bothered suggesting the idea to the police chief. That beady red eye, as everyone who has ever laced it must know, produces strange transformations among those on whom it is cast, and results are usually the kind medulla to kneecap. Incapable of thinking under the awful spell of the red eye, yet knowing that they must say something (we all live in terror these days of not being able to cut the conversational mustard about your show.

I like to read, you see. Read and eat Lebanon bologna sandwiches on pumpernickel. My old lady's always saying to me, she's always saying, 'I can't keep a slice of i. ACGJJ it MJ.UC VI with Johnny Carson), they open pumpernickel in the house llhniT- i Lin i i their mouths and combinations of words pouring forth. They are capable of hearing themselves talk, but not of controlling the output.

"Why can't I shut up and stop making a fool of they wonder, and while they are wondering their mouths race tirelessly. The i i of TV toemens finds his mouth moving ecstatically and no words at all issuing irom it. This is known in broadcasting as "going dry." The victim's palate, tongue and throat feel as if they have been coated in rubber cement, and to the audience he seems to suffer some of the agony of a dying fish. We can imagine the legal consequences of screening one of these cases in court: "Good morning, your honor, members of the jury and that are devastating to sound courthouse habitues, and wel- policework. come to the Sarge Frankie In the first place, a fairly Show brought to you on tape large percentage of potential confessees will be prone to TV tremens, a dreadful affliction in which perfectly 'normal human beings are reduced to gibbering idiocy the instant the camera comes on.

The. mere knowledge that they are on camera sends paralyzing waves oi panic coursing from from police headquarters. Our guest today is the alleged smash and grab artist, knuckles Frisbie, here to tell us a little something about the big opening at Tiffany's window on the night of November 29. Good to have you with us Knuckles." "Thanks, Sarge. I read a lot wihen you get on reading Actually, I don't know why I'm telling you this story, because I haven't read anything since the sixth grade and I hate pumpernickel.

Something about this camera makes me say the first thing pops into my mind." After a few minules of Ihis, not even a jury of twelve policemen would put much credence in any confession Ruckles chose to make. In all likelihood, Knuckles would quickly reach the stage of moving his mouth without beimg able to utter words, the judge would conclude that the police had coated his tongue, palate and throat with rubber cement, dismiss the case, and start action against the police for using brutality to extract a confession. The other, side of humanity responds quite differently to the camera, but the peril for the police remains great. For example: And our guest today is the distinguished alleged fur hijacker, Cinchilla Ed Eddy. Ed, I understand you're appearing here entirely of own free will today and have had all the opportunity in the world to talk to your lawyer Is that right?" "Before we get into that, Sarge, I want to tell you about a funny thing that happened to me on the way to the paddy wagon--." "We're all dying to hear it.

Chinchilla, but before we get into that you might like to tell us what a beautiful chance we gave you to consult a lawyer." "Well, frankly Sarge, as you know, at the time I didn't think a lawyer was what I needed, knowing I was going to appear on television. What I really wanled was a make-up man, and none of you offered to get one for me." "Chinchilla, your wit is as light as your finger. Why don't you tell us about your last show. The Mankowitz mink- heist of September 23, wasn't it?" "I've decided to save that for my book Sarge. You don't mind if I get a plug in here for my book, I hope.

It's going to read just like the warm, breezy, casual, informal me that all you folks out there see on television. Let me tell you a wonderful stqry about an old-timer I knew back in the twenties, when I just culling my teeth on raccoon heists The police are unlike.y to make a conviction a against the Chinchilla Ed's of this world, even if they ever get around to letting something incriminating slip onto tape. No court these days is going to accept a television confession from a defendant who has been denied access to a make-up man. RCHiVE.