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.1 4 ft 0 I 1 a ft' -i i I I i- 'V- I -j -ir -T i VOL. XVNO. 4430 NEW-YORK, WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 0, price four cEirra i ii a. mojjj Man ri.ii i.iL'vi i i .1 jl. iffi vi m.

j. i i ml. mi ill a sar -'a j-. .1 ,5 rsi i OCR OFFICLVL IIISTORY. Tho Hessago? of Prea-dent Johnson- 12 View of the Rciallona and ptxtlea cf the Stages.

Cttr BeUtloas Great France. Britain 72ia Heport of the tary of War. "i ZZoW a Million Iden.were Raised and Supplied. Oen. Grant's.

History of the Last Year of th War. A Icld and Minute Description i of Operations. Heport or the Secretary i Ihc Treanry. or Full Statement fit Our Condition Financial MVMw eflittnt if fiU Smalt and Him JUfrtttnt To sxpreM gntilada to Go in the name of fht people tot Utm preeerrtioh of the United SUtesf is my first duty in addressing yoa. Oar Qjoeghte ml rerert to the dfn of the lie fseldent by sa set of parricidal treason.

The tFtoloi the aatoa is bIOI treehit finds some eo-fee In lite eotuuderaUoa that he lived to enjoy the Lichee! proof vt its eonfldnce by entering at the renewed term of the Chief Hagistraey, to Vfckb he had been elected; that he brought the SfrQ war trabataotialr to a close; that his. loas lorcd in aD parts of the Union; and that waiiona have rendered justice to hi Snemorj. His removal east npon me a heavier SjeJghi nf eares than erer devolved npon any one sf his predeceeeora. To fulfill my trust I need fee support and oouRdenee of all who are asao-Slatedwith me in the var ons departments of goremmeiit, and the support and eonfldenoe of Om people. There Is bat one way In which I an hope to gain their neoeaeary aid; it ia, to late with frankness the prmcitlee which guide ay eondort, and their application to the present state of affairs, well aware thai the efficiency of SSy labors will, in a great wcaunre, depend on yowr anl tle'r undivided approbation.

or ous tioa its powers, dcties -l ml attd ia irrra. t- The Union of Ske Unitod Btatee of America i intended by ila authors to hurt as long as the themselves shall laet Thtb Ujuo tlX sa lERrtrrxL," are tqS worda of the CkmfeileraUon. To roav a noun nkrorr Vnom," by an or.bnanco of the people of the United KtatcH, Is the declared pnrpoee of the sonettrutJon. Tle hand of Ifivine IVovideuoe never more plainly visible la the affairs of i than in the framing and the adopting of that it with coneeunetieea for evni-v rieonlciot Che Ih lli meintxtta of the convention Vnich firrpared it. brmiht to their work the SKnenence or the their several tatae.

and of other repnbhean frovernnvntn. sad ami new bat they noednd and they obtahiei wtsdom superior to experience. And whpn for ks Tahdity it required tfte approval of a people teat oouuuied of a ooniinent and act-ad acparatfly in nvnv dutUnct oixiventtona, what mars wonderful than that, after rnest oon-ssntkm and lonsr dieensiM'on, all feelinjrs and all pinions were ultimately drawa in one way to its sai port. Ihe constitntion In whkh Vta was thus im-garUd mntaina altJun itcelf -ample recocrcre fcr its own prracrratioik It hi power to enforce ae laws, punish heason, and muure domestk atanquillity. In rue of the unarpetioa of the fevernmeut of a Mate by one man, or an Hearsay, it becomea tb? of the United State to sake good the to that State of a re-Snhhean form of and to ao maintain tVe boroogeneop af alt.

Poee the lapae of aans rvu oTfcr mipie moae antcnu-faant is providl in eonsrirotion itself, so wet its ennomoTis ct.ii sinri be made to con taraa to tha raiuitrir-iiU oX advanuing civiliaa- ton. No rootu i allowed even tor the thought ff a poaaibiiity of ita coming to an end. And peae powers of U4-eeervaiion have always ana Mwneii iTi iwir cunpiei incognxy oy li pairiorte CUii Mauitiate by jErrxa-oy and Jacaso! not 1 by ASBcroroir and Baoiwy. The partinj a tvire of the Father of Countrv, whiw yet lYveident, to the people ot Ae VnlUsl SUtAA. was.

that the free eomtUtn- ton, akih was the work of their handa, might ss aaereaiy maintamea an4 uie inaugnrai enla of isident Kit seeoN held up the pre- frvaMon 01 uie uenerat uovroraent, its con siuutional vizor, as the sheet-anchor of our Waee at borne and safety abroad." The conati-isnon ts the work of the Pwn le of tlie Uurted nd it anoiddbe ae indaatroctible as the epK. i- i It ta not atrnf that the framersof the con- Stitation, bia had no nKxiel la the past, ahocid Sot have fnliy rouiurv-beruied tite excelienos of snc awn vr-i k. re a from a strugtrie againat srtuary thwcj-, many jpatnots suiTered from Sarnaatng fears of an abverptksn of tha Btate" etcmin'-nta by the Ueneral Oovernment, and aaaay from a trn.au tbat inHUitea would break stv from their orbiM. diut the wrv createeaa sf aur uxuitry shoald aQay the apprehension of moMDUNiM ty tae uenerai uovemmenu aa aabieeU that eume nnoneationaUy within jnruH to ion are so sursurobs that it mast ateriiT rrfje to be embarraaeed bv M.iiotM that lie beyond it. Were it otSerwiee, Me Kxemtiv would aiak the burden; ebtknnrla of Jatioe? would be choked; iegia.

atMia if obatrocUd by exoce so that ia a rratr temittkn to evrciae hiu of aneuone of the General Government If tha SutM than an IntMii tKarr ekful spher. TLs abac hale acquiescence the decioiona of the majority waa, at the be-Janaj of th cootnrv, euforeod by Jarrajtaojt tevhl prlneipfa of repubUoa, and tha rea4ii ef the lav four years Lave established, uvjw iwcr, uai laws aci to trpw malatoiianea of the Tnion brfeea with It wr'tKn I of tha Bfcata Gonrnmuia tiahta but it ia not nca -of tha rirH fcy btste Governnietit to renooscs its own rixc ihe Union, or to nullify thelawa of tha Union. aa fcoxe-t Lberty ta to be maintamed the dia-eaicQ of the cta. of tha Federal Oovamment; Nt Uxors is do appeal from its lava, except to the fcrioua brancbee that Uovarniasnt ttaalf, or the people, who grant to the enetnbra tha tegWUUva nod of the kUeeatree Pepartmeata lanrrs but a limited one. and in thai mam to-artrreUm the powers of redress.

The acvereinty of the States-Ja the Un-PHs of the lAmJcdcracy, and not tha language Ui ecbaUlaOtja, The Utter contains tha cn. Cuo onu The conaUtulion, sad the fairs bioh shall be made ia naiv ar-oo thereof. nd treaties reade. or which samrunont. i i iwyonu comparuon, the great-sst event in American history and indeed in it svei, of all events hi modern timet, the iMoet te T.

I the authority of the United thill to Via trxrrvm- Ur of thshnd Umus Si svu-y Ett Tii3 Is I xjA r'r-! hi i oouaUUxija or laws of a pureed government aad ao ia svery StatsJ yerweuit a hnnted gwernment. i uJm Men of limitation vpreada throngh iprrs vjc admlnwtration, general. State, and mv icteaL and rests on the great -distinguishing prmciple of the reeognltion of the rigbta of man. The audent repabfiss ahaorbed the mdividoal in the htate. prescribed his religion, and controlled his activity.

The American system reate on the aa-aertion of the eqcal right of every man to life, liberty and the pursuit of heppinees; to freedom of eonarienoe, to the culture and exercise of aO his faculties. As a coneeonence, the Htate Oovernment is hmited, as to the General Oovernment in the interest of Union, as to the individual citizen in the in toreet of freedom. Etatea, with proper hmitaUons of power, are essential to the exiatence of the ConaUtution of the Unitod bteiea. At tha very commencement, when we aaaumd a plaoe among the Powera of the earth, the Declaration of Indenendenoe waa adopted by States so also were the Articles of Confederation: and trhen "the Peopled Um United States" ordained and efltabGflbed the cofietlUitton, it waa the anient of tha Btates, oue br one. which gave it vitality.

In the event, too, of any amendment to the constitution, the prop osition of Congress needs the confirmation of States. Without States, one great branch of the legiaiative government would be And. if we look beyond the letter of the constitution to the character of our country, its capacity for comprehending within its jurisdiction a vast continental empire is due to the system of States. The beat security for the perpetual ex istence of the States is the supreme authority of the oonetitution of the United Statea. The perpetuity of the' constitntion brings with it the perpetuity of the but tea ueir mutual relation makes us what we are, and in our political sys tem tnetr connexion is mcuseoiubie.

1 be wbote cannot exist without the parts, nor the parts without the whole. So long as the constitution of the United States endures, the States win endure the destruction of the one in the destruc tion of the other the preservation of the one is the preservation of the other. I have thus exnhuned mv views of the mutual relations af the constitution and the States, be cause thev unfold the principles on which 1 have sought to solve the momentous questions and overcome the appalling difficulties that met me at the very commencement 01 my auminmrauon. It has been my steadfast object to escape from 'the sway of momentary passions, and to derive a healing; nolicv from the fundamental and un- nrincinlea of the constitution. I found the States Buffering from the eAecte of a civd war.

Hesietauoe to the General Government appeared to have exhausted itself. The United States had recovered possession of their forta and arscnabi; and their armies were in the occupation of everv Stabs which had attempted to secede. Whether the territory within the lira its of those States shonid be bold as conquered territory, under military authority emanating from tha PmuVtent as tha head of the Armv. was the first question that presented itself for de cision. miuiiu aovaxmiczxTa.

Now, military governments, established for an indefinite period, would have offered no security for the early suppression of dioontent would have divided the people into the vanquishers and the vanquisb-d and would have envenomed hatred, rather than have restored affection. Once established, no precise limit to their continuance was conceivable. They would have occasioned an incalculable and exhauatoK; expense. Peaceful emigration to and from that portion of the country in one or tho best means tnat can be thought of for the restoration of harmony and that emigration would have becu prevented for what emigrant from abroad, wbatinduntTious citizen at home, wouhiphvee himself willingly under military rule The chief persons who would have followed in theerain of the army would have been dependents on the General Government, or men who crpectod profit from the miseries of their erring fellow-citizens. The powers of patronage and rule wliich would have been executed, under the Fr evident, over a vast, and populous, and naturally weeUhy region, are greater than, unieaa under extrexne ncoeetiity, 1 tthould be willing to intrust to any one man they are Biich as for myself I conkl never, unless on occasions of great emerpeney, consent to exercise.

The willful two of such powers, if continued through a period of veara, would have endangered the purity of the General Administration and the liberties of the States which remained loyL 1 Rttidea, the policy of military rule over a con-qnered territoiy would have implied the Htatea wborie inhabitants may have token part in he rebellion had, by the acts of those inhabitants, ceased to exict. Hut the ti uo theorv that all prctendfd acts of Bcccenion were, from the beginning, null and void. The Statea cannot commit treason, nor screen the individual ati-ueiui who may have comniittod treason, any more than they can make valid treaties, or i-jrage in lawful commerce witli any foreign power. The Siates attmpting to eecedo placed themselves iu a condition where their vitality was impaired, but not extinguiohed their functions snipen4led, bnt not destroyed. Hut if any State neglects or refuses to perform Lits offices, there is the mare need that the Gen- erai uoveramext footua muuiaui iu uo ui utility, and, as noon aa practicable, rcsrme the excr-rise of all it.i fimctions.

On this principle I have acted, and have gradually and quietly, and by utmost imperceptible steps, sought to restore the rightful eiicrgy of the General Government aud of the States. To that eud. Pro visional Oover-noia have been aiipointed for the States, con-l entions called, Governors leeted, Legislatures asxembhxi. aud Senators and Representative chosen to the Congreaa of the United Sfatca. At the same time the court of the Unitod States, aa far as could be done, have been reopened, so that the laws of the United Statea may be enforced through their ageney.

The blockade bad hem removed and the cuftom-houeca reestab-i Kbed ports of entry, so that the reveime of I he United States way be collected. The Poat- oftiee Department renews ita ceaaelcas activity, and the Gvneral Oovernment is thereby enabled tj eommnnicate promptly with its otuceis and agents. The courts bring Becnrity to persons and property tue onenmg or die ports invites tlie restoration of indtrotrv and eoinmeroe the poet-oraee renews the faeilith-s of social inter course and of business. And is it nt happy for us alL that the resorption of each one of these fimctions of tho General Got eimaent brings a ith it a blessing to tho Sute over hich they are extended Is it not a surt; promise af harmony and renewed attachment to the Union that, alter aa that uaa happeneo, the return ii toe General Goveruuient is known oidv as I know very weil that this ioliey ia attended with some risk that for ita nce it requires at least the aoqwieecence of tho Stftes which it concerns that it impiiea an invitation to those Statea, by lemv.ving tllesiauce to the United Mates, to rreunie tiiir mucuouj as states of us Union. But it is a ri-ds that muat be taken hi the choice of difficulties, it is tho Kiualiest risk aud to diniinioh, and, if ixmi'io, to remove all danger, 1 have felt it incumbeut on me to assert one other power of the General Government tbs power of pardon.

As no Ktstecan throw defence over thS crime of treason, the power of Government of the Unite States. Iu exercising that power, I have tkn every precaution to eonnect it with the teai.et rooovuition of tho binding force of the laws of thei L'nitexi States, and aa nnonabtied aok-owlrd'rmerit of the great social change of cood.tioa -regard to shivery which baa gTon out of the war. TBI XTD or MTTTAL COS CESSIOS If KA3UXXS roa RcoysTEVCTios. The next which 1 havs taken to restoro the eotautuiional relations of tae States, has been an invitation te them to participate in tho high oSUst of aroenduig the oortstitutiun. Every patriot must ww lot a general amnesty at too earLeet epoch consistent with pubtte For this rreat sod there la need oi a concurrence ec all opinion, um toe pn-i of maraai eoneata uua Ail tarues ta iae late ternote concict tutut work torttber in harmony.

If it not too mucblo in lad Cains of tha nboia pcorle, that, on the one side, tha plan of restoration ahail proceed ha conformitv with a a niinimn to east the dieorders of tbs past into oblivion and that, on tbs other, ins srKirnce of smcenty la ths future of the Union shall be put bwvond any doubt by the ratification of the proposed amendment to the constitution, which provides for ths abolition ef slavery forever ths ilimits of oar eotrctrr. So long as tho adoption of this amendment is de layed, so long win doubt, and jealousy, and uncertainty prevail. This ia the measure which wdl suacs) ths saa memory ox tas past; uaa is ui measwr whiah wiU nioat eertaaly call popnla tion, and capital, and seeuxity. to those oartaof tho Union that need them most. Indeed, it is not too mush to ask oi the States which are tow jstmxning their place in the family of ths Union give in is ptauge ox perpetual ioyaty ana peaoa.

Unul It is dose, tho paaL bowevec much wo may destre it, a Jl not bo Ka-potierw Xhs. adopt! oa of tho imeodinsnt ns beyond ail sower cf It bnsiai lis woend ihal iaaidl mTpereotiyckjssd; it ramovea atawry. ths 4S'it v. hVh baa ao kTr rer-tr xd Hidc4 people, renewed and strengthened, bound mors Ine amendment to the constitution being adopted, it would remain for the States, whoss powers nave been so long in abeyance, to resume their places in the two branches of the Rational Legislature, and thereby complete tits work of restoration. Ilere it is lor you, feUow- atizens of the Senate, and for yon, fellow-riti- snns of the Honsa of Representatives, to yodga aen oi yon xor yourserves.

or tne elections, returns, and qualifications of your own members. The fall assertion of the powers of the General Oovernment requiroa the holding of Circuit Courteofths United States within the districts where their authority has been interrupted. In the present posture of our publio affairs, aaronjr objections have been urged to holding those courts ha any of the States where the rebellion has existed and it waa ascertained, by inquu that the. Circuit Court of the United Statea woe not be held within tbs District of Virginia during the Autumn or early Winter, noruntd Congress should have an opportunity to consider and act on the whole subject." To your deliberations the restoration of this branch of the civil authority of the United States is therefore neces sarily referred, with the hope that early provi sion will be made for the resumption of ail its functions. It is manifest that treason, most flagrant in character, has been committed.

Per sons who are charged with its coramiMion should have fair and impartial trials in the highest civil tribunals of the country, in order that the constitution and thefsws may be fully vindicated the truth clearly established and affirmed that treason is a crime, that traitors ahould be pun- bihed and the offence made infamous and. at the same time, that the Question may be iudi- settled, finally and forever, that no State of its own will has the right to renounce its place tne Union. THE rBCEDKEH and THKia bixatioks with thz OOyEftMBOn CCKHTIOK OT ALLOWING THEM TO VOTE. The relatione of the General Oovernment to ward the four millions of inhabitants whom the war has called into freedom, have engaged my meet serious consideration. Gn the propriety or attempting to make the freedmen electors by the proclamation cf tha Execntive, I took for biy counsel the constitution itself, the interpretations of that instrument by its authors and their con temporaries, and recent legudalion by Congress.

hen, at the first movement toward mdepend- ed the severaTstatcs to institute eovornments of their own, they left each State to decide for itself tne conditions lor tne enjoyment or uie eiccuve franchise. During the period of the Confederacy, there continued to oxiut a very arreat diversity in the quatkficationa of electors in the several States and even within a State a distinction of quabti cation prevailed with regard to tho officers who were to be cnosen. ine (jonsutuuon ox tue United States recognizes these diversities when it enjoins that, in the choice of members of the Houfee of Representatives of the United Stales, the electors in each State shaQ have the qualification a requisite for electors of the most numerous brancli of the State Legislature. After tho formation of the Constitution, it remained, as before, the uniform nsasro for each State to enlarre the body of its etectors. according to its own judgment; and.

under thi avatem, ono State after another has proceeded to increase the number of its electors, until now universal, auffrac-e, or something very near it. is the general rule. Ho fixed was this reservation of power in the habits of the people, and so unquestioned has been the in terpretation or tne coustitnuon. tnat onruie tne civU war the late President never harbored the purpose certainly never avowod the purpose oi nercgarding it and in tne acts oi uongrees, during thai nariod. nothinir can be found Witich.

during the continuance of hostilities, much loss after their close, would have sanctioned any departure by the Executive from a policy which has i i mj uimormiy oDuunou. moreover, muoowwu of the elective franchise to tho frocdmen, by act of the President of the United States, mr.st have been extended to all colored men, where- ever found, and so must have establndiod change of suffrage in tlie Northern, kliddlo and WebUrn SUU-e, not less than in the Southern and Southwestern. Smh an act would have cre ated a new class of voters, and would have been an assumption of power by tho lYesident which nothing in the constitution or laws of the United States would have warranted. On the other hand, every danger cf conmct is avoided when the settlement of tho qncsLon is referred to the scvefal States. They can, each for iut If.

decide on tho meaenrc, and whether it Lis to be adopted at once and absolutely, or intro duced gradually and with couaitions. in my judirment, the freedmen, if they show patience two manty virtues, wiu sooner obtain a paruci ration in the elective franchise thiouRli tho States than throush the General Government, even if it bad power to intervene. When the tumult of emotions that have been raised by the suddenness of the social change shall have subsided, it may prove that they will receive the kindliest usace from some of thono on whom they have heretofore most closely depended. Uut hue have no doubt that now. alter tne oloae' of the war, it is not competent for the General Oovernmeiit to extend the elective franchise in the several States, it is equally clear that good faith require the security of the rrocdmen in their liberty and their property, their right to labor, and their right to claim the just return of their labor.

I cannot too strongly urge a dis passionate treatment of this subject, whkh should be carefully kept aloof from ail party strife. We muat equally avoid hasty assumptions of any natural impossibility for the two races to live aide bv aide in a state of mntnal bencHt and good wilL The experiment involves ns in no inconsistency; let us, then, go on and make that experiment in geod faith, and not be too easily diisheartcned. Tho country is in need of labor, and the freedmen aro in need of employment, culture, and protection. Whilo then ngbt or voluntary migration and expatriation is not to be questioned, I would not advise forced removal and oo Ionization. Let us rathor encourage them to honorable and useful industry, where it may be beneficial to themselves and to tlie country and, instead of hasty anticipations of the certainty of failure, lot there be nothing wading to the fair trial of Uie Tne change in their condition is tlie substitution of labor by contract for the status of plavery.

The freedman cannot fairly be accused of unwUiiugnesa to work, so long as a doubt remains about his freedom of choice in his pursuits, and ths certainty of his recovering his stipulated wages. In this tho interest of the employer and the employed coincide. The employer" desires in his workmen siirit and alacrity, and those can be permanently secured in no other way. And if the one might to be. able to enforce the contract, so ought the other.

The public interest will be best promoted if the several Statea will provide adequate protection and remedies for the freedmen. Until his is some way aceoraphshed, there is no chance for tho advantageous use of their labor; and the blame of id-success will not rest on them. I know that sincere philanthropy is earnest for the immediate realisation of its remotest aims but time is always an element in reform. It is one of the greatest acta on record to have brought four mi Dions of people into freedom. The career of free lndnstrymust bo fairly opened to them and then their rare re prosperity and condition, muat, after alL rest mainly on themselves.

If they fad, and so perish away. let ns be careful that ths failure shall not bo attributable. to any denial of jusuoa. an an tnat rotates to ana aesuny oi torn a a 1 freedmen. we need not be too anxious to read the future many incidents which, from a speculative point of view, might raise alarm, wiU quietly actUe themselves.

-n Ho that slavery is san end, or near its end, the rreatnees of ita eviL in ths point of view of public mors and more apparent. burery was sasenuauy a monopoly oj lanor, ana ss such locked ths States whero it prevailed acainet tha incoaainar of urea Indus Where labor was the property ot ttaeapitalist, thawbite- man was exciuoea zrom empioymenc, or naa ou tho sreoTid beet chance of Coding it; and ths foreign emigrant tarned ivst from lbs rejtoa whero bu cone. an would be so precarious. iu uo uco i Mfc Mm imwiymj ij will hr atcn from all parts of the civilized world to assist ia devalopinx various and immeasura ble resources which hay hitherto lain dormant. Tbe eight or nine States nearest tho Gulf of Mexico ha va a soil of exuberant fertility, a climate friendly to long hfo, and can sustain denser popuUlkrn thin Is found as yet hi any part ox our country, jma tne ratars maai oc popuiatmn to tbtoi will mamly from tha North, or from tho moat cultivated nations in Lurope From tho sniering that hare attended thesn during our lata strucgl, let ns look away to the fa tare, rare to be laden for them with greater rthan has ever before been known.

Ths removal of ths monopoly of slays labor is a nvsntiys genius, wsahA and a On eovornrnent vprings rrom and waa made- for ths i peorie hot tho peopia for tho aovero- I U. 1 tcni it Owes alTegiaaee; from thevn it 1 Tmsrt derrvo Mseours4. streertb snd wwdotc'T pledge that moss, regions wiu ospeopiea cya humereus and enterprising population, which wCl via with viT in tha l.nuin in nomnaftniisa ths people, from whosa it derives Us exist- enee, it ahould, from tho very consideration of ita origin, be strong in its power of resistanes to ths eetabttshment of inequalities. Monopolies, perpetuities and class legutlation are contrary to the genius of free government, and ought not to be allowed. Here, thero-ia no room for ta Tored classes or aoonopohee; the principle of our government is that of equal laws and freedom of industry.

Wherever monopoly attains a foot-hood, it is swrs to be a source of danger, discord and trouble. Wo shall bnt fulfill our duties as bgiidators by according equal anl exact justice to all men. apodal privileges to none. Tbs government is subordinate to the people; but, as the agent and representative of the people; it must be held superior to monopolies, which, in themselves, ought never to be granted, and whicb, where they exist, most be subordinate and yield to the government. Tmaxja' nrrwxjcf thb btxtcs.

The oonetitution oonrers on Congress the right to regulate commerce ejnong tbs several States. It is of tbe first necessity, for tbe maintenance of the Union, that tk at "commerce should bs free and unobstructed. No Stats can be justified ia any dories to lax ths transit of travel and commerce between States. The position of many Statea is such that, if they were allowed to take advantage of it for purposes ef local revenue, the commerce between States might be injuriously burdened, or even virtually prohibited. It is best, while the country is still young, and whilo the tendency to dangerous monopolies of this kind is still feeble, to use the power of Congress so as to prevent any selfish impediment to the free circulation of men and mercnimdise.

A tax on travel and merchandise, in their transit, constitutes one of the worst forms of monopoly, and the evil is increased if couplod with a denial of tlie choice of route. When the vast extent of our country is considered, it is plain that every obstacle to the free circulation of commerce between the States ought to be sternly, guarded against by appropriate legislation, within ths limits of the constitution. DEPABTKEKT OF UTE XKTEXJOB. The report of the Secretary of tbe Interior explains the condition of tbe public lands, the transactions of the Patent Office and the Pension Bureau, the management of our Indian affairs, the prog roes made in the construction of tho Pacific Railroad, and furnishes information in reference to matters of local interest ia the District of Columbia. It also presents evidence of the successful operation of tho Homestead Act, under provisions of which 1,100,633 acres of the public lands were entered during the laet fiscal year more than one-fourth of tbe whole number of acres sold or otherwise disponed of during tha period.

It is estimated that tho rcctfpts dcrl vod from thia source axe sufficient to cover tlie expenses incident to the survey and dinpoHal of luda entered under this act, and that payments in cash to the extent of from forty to fifty per cent, will be made by settbnra, who may thus at any time acquire title before the expiration of the period at wliich it wou'd other-wixe yeet. The homestead policy was established only after long and earnest resistance; experience proves its window. The lands, in the hands of industrious sclllcra, whose labor creates wealth and contributes to tho public resources, are worth moro to the Unitod btates than if they had been reserved as a solitudo for future purchasers. PEJ101V8. Tbe lamentable events of tbe butt four years, and tho sacrifices mado by the eallant nvon of our army and navy, have swelled tlie records of tlie Pension liuroau to an unprecedented extent.

On the 80th day of June last, tho total munber of pensioners was romiing for their annual pay, exclusive of expenses, the sum of The number of sprdications that have been al lowed since that date will require a Lirgo increase of this amount for the next lineal year. The means for the payment of the stipends due, under existing lawn, to our disabled soldiers and suilois, and to tho families ol such as have pcrishod in Uie tcrice of the country, will no liouLt be cbcerfnlly and promptly granted. A grateful people viil not hetsitatu to aauution any measures havin.i for their object the relief of no(- d.crs mutilated aud families made fitilHrles in tl.e efforts to preserve our national exwleiioe. Till: rOMT-OlTICK DtJ-ABTMUNT. Tbe report of the Postmaster-General pre sents an encouraging exhibit ot the operations ot tlie Post-ofllee lepartMient during the year.

'Ihe revenues of the past year from the loyal States alono exceed tne maximum annual re ceipts from all the States previous to tho rebel lion, in the sum of and the annual average increase of revenue during tho last four years, compared with the revenues of the four years immediately preceding uie rebellion, waa $3,533,843. The revenues of tho lost fiscal year amounted to and the expenditures to 1 13,04,728, leaving a surplus of receipts over expenditures of lYogrobS has been mido in restoring the postal service in tho Southern States. The views presented by the Postmaster-General against tho policy of grant-ins subsidies to ocean mail atcamship lines upon established routes, and in favor ol continuing tbe prcseut system, which limits the com pe mutation for ocean service to the postage earnings, are lecommcnded to tbe careful consideration of Congress. THX XAVY. It appears, from tbe report of the Secretary of the Navy, that while, at the commencement of the present year, there were in eotnniission 630 csselS of all classes and descriptions, armed with 3,000 guns and manned by 51,000 men, the number of vessel at present in commission is 117.

with 830 (runs and 1202t men. By this prompt reduction of the naval forces the ex penses of the government have been largely diminished, and a number of vessels, purchased for naval purposes from tbe merchant marine. have been returned to the peaceful pursuits of commerce. Since the suppression of active hos tilities our foreign snuadious have been reestablished, end consmt or vessels much more efficient than those employed on similar service previous to the rebellion, 'ihe suggestion for the enlarge ment of the navy-yards, and especially for tha establishment of one in fresh water for iron clad vessels, is deserving of consideration, as is also tbe roeommendation for a different location and more ample grounds for the Naval Academy. SKPABTifxirr or warn.

In the report of the becretary of War. a en- era I summary is given or tne military campaurns of 18o4 and 1HC9, ending in the suppression of armed resistance to the national autnonry tae insurgent Slates. Ths operations of tha gen eral administrative bureaus of the. War Depart ment during tne past-year are aetaueu, ana an estimate made of the appropriations that will be required for nuhtary purposes in tne necai year commencing the SOtn day of June, 1868. national mihtary force, on tbe 1st of Hay, 1863.

numbered 1.000,516 men. It is proposed to reduce the military establishment to a peace foot- 60.000 troops of all arms. on. ardzed so as to admit of an enlargement by uihag up the ranas te II tne etances of the country ahould require an augw mentation of tne ins volunteer rorue has already been reduced by ths discharge from service of oyer 800,000 troops, and tbe department is proceeding rapidly tbe work of further reduction. The war estimates are reduced from $51840,131 to which amount.

in the opinion ox Uie aepartoient, is adequate for a peace establishment. The measures of re-trenehsaent in each bore an and braaob of tbe service, exhibit a diligent economy worthy of eosamendatioa. Reference Is also mads in the report to ths necessity of providing for uniform tmbua system, ana to tne propriety or mating suitable provision for wounded and disabled oXLi-oers and soldiers. otnt nsvsaoa iimx, The revenue system of the country is a subject of vital interest te ita honor and prosperity, and should command the- earnest consideration of Congress. Secretary of the Treasury win bry before yoe a1 full and detailed report of the receipts and disbnrsexnenu of the last nasal year of the first quarter of the present fiscal year, of the protiblo receipts and sxpendi teres, for the other three quarters, and the estimates for the year following tbe 80th ef Jane, laOS.

I anight sen tent aayself with a reference te thai report, ta which yon will find all ths information required for your deliberations and decision. Bui ths paramount importance ef ihe subject so presses Itself an my own mind, thai I eannoi bet lay before you my views of the sjeaamee which are re ouired far the good character, sad, I might ap xuoataay, or the existence ef this people. The hie of a repobhe neseertamly ta the energy-," virtue snd intelligence ef its ertirens: but it is' equally trus that a gooxtrsyenns system is ths heof an organized government. meet you at a time when the nation has voluntarily burdened itarlf with a debt nnnreoedented ia our annaia Tasi ss is its amount, fades away into nothing when compered wiut ut eonnueaa uieeainga toss will Li) sunfsnsil 1111 mil iiiiiiiitrjsnil sr man ths preservation cf the nation's life. Now, on the first occasion 01 tne xneeung or vongrcss since ths return cf peace.

It is cf tho ctmott im port neo to roacsurato a Juet policy, which ha. a oneu oepuw wkiu, huoi-ww; xnasd, ttal( those who aojauei sates us for its the complete etTaeement 'at ihe financial erfhj that neocsaarily follow a state of civil war. We most endeavor to apply ths earliest lemedy to tbe deranged state of the currency, and not shrink from di vising a 'policy which, without being oppreeaive to ths people, shaS nnmediatel begin to effect a reduction ef the debt, and, persisted in, discharge ii faily within a definitely fixed number of years. -1 to xanoius. ooxsncx.

Ibjs our first duty to prepare in earnest for our recovery from the ever-isoreaaing evils of sa irredeemable currency, without a sudden revulsion, and yet without untimely procrastination. For thai end we must, each in our respective positions, prepare ths wsy. I hold it tbs duty of the Executive to insist upon fragaEty ta the expend! tores and a sperm economy is itself a great national resource. Of the banks to which been given to issue notes secured by bonds of tho United States, we may require the greatest moderation and prudence, ind tha law must be rigidly enforced when iu limits are exceeded. We may, each one of ns, eounsel our active Mid enterprising countrymen to be constantly on their guard, to liquidate debts contracted in a paper currency, and, by conducting business as nearly as possible on a system of cash payments or abort credits, to hold themselves prepared to return to the standard of gold and silver.

To aid oar fellow-citizens in the prudent management of their monetary affairs, the duty devolves on us to diminish by law the amount of paper money now in circulation. Five years ago the bank-note circulation of the country amounted to not much more man two hundred inn now ths circulation, bank and national, exceeds seven hundred million a. Ths simple statement of the fact recommends more strongly than any words of mine could do, the neceeeiiy of our restraining thia expansion. The gradual reduction of the currency is the only measure that can save ths busanesa of the country from disastrous calamities and this can bo almost rtn perceptibly accomplished by gradually funding the national eirculation in securi-tica that may be made redeemable at the pleasure oi the government. -ths roBiao prmr.

Our debt is doubly secure first in the actual wealth and still greater undeveloped resources of the country and next in the character of our institutions. The mobt intelligent observers among political economists have not. failed to remark that the publio debt cf a country is safe in proporfon as its people are free that the debt of a republic is the safest 'of all. Our history confirms and estabhshes the theory, and is, I firmly believe, destinod to give it a still more signal illustration. Tbe secret of Uiis superiority springs not morcly from ihe fact that in a republic tlio national obligation ars distributed more widely through eountjees numbers in ail classes of eocietv it bss its root in the character of our laws.

Here all men contribute to the pubtfc wclfiire, and boar their fair share of tbe public burdens. During the war, under the impulses of patriotism, the men of the great body of the people, vituout regard to t.hoir own comparative want of wealth, thronged to our armies and tilled our fleets of war, aud held themselves ready to offer, their Hvcs for the pnbbe good. Now, their turn, the property and income of the country should bear their just proportion of the burden of taxation, whilo in our impost system, through moans of which increased vitality is incidentally imparted to all the industrial interests of tho netkm, tlie duties should be so adjusted aa to fail most heavily on articles of luxury, leaving the necessaries of life aa free from taxation 'as the absolute wants of the government, economically administered, will justify. No favored class fshould demand freedom from assessment, and the taxes should bo so distributed as not to fall hndaly on the poor, but rather on tbe accumulated wealth of the country. We should look at tho national debt tust as it is not as a nation blessing, bat as a.

leavy burden on tbe industry of the country, to be discharged without unnecessary delay. TBASTjni AiTAIXS. It is estimated by the Secretary of the Treasury that tho expenditures for the fiscal year end-" ing tne Stn OI June, iooo, mm eireon iaa iwwip $112,104,947. It is graUfying, however, to stats that it is also estimated that tho revenue for the year ending tho SOth of June, 18G7, will exceed the expenditures in the sum of $111,632,813. This amount, or so much as may be doumed sufficient for the purpose, may be applied to tlie reduction of tho pubbe debt, which, on the 31st day OfDcto-ber, I860, was 12,740,854,750.

Every reduction will diminish the total amount of interest to be naid. aud so enlarcre the means' of still further 1 eductions, until the wholo shall be liquidated, and this, as wiU be seen from the estimates of the Secretary of the be accompli shed by annual payments even within a period not exceeding thirty years. I have faith that we shall do all this within a reasonable time that, aa we have amazed the world by the suppression -of a civil war which was thought to be beyond the control of any government, so wo shall equally ahow the superiority of our institutions by the prompt and faithful discharge of our national obligations. 1 aoBicTjivrTax. The Department of under its present direction, ia aouotu pi Milling much in -developing and utilizing the vast agricultural capabilities of ths country, and for information respecting the details of its management reference is made to the annual report of ths Commi-aioncr.

OEHKnAit vraw or dombbtio airaiKs. I have dwelt thus fully on our domes tie affairs because of their transcendent importance. Un der any rircuntstances, our great extent 01 territory and variety of climate, producing almost ever thing thai ta necessary for the wants, and even the comforts ef man, make ns singularly independent of the varying policy of foreign powers, and protect ns against every temptation to "entangling alliances, I while at ths present moment the reestabhahment of harmony, and tho strength that comes from harmony, will be our best security againat nations wnoxeei pow er and forget right." For myself, it baa been and it will be my constant aim to promote peace and I have every reason to believe that they alL without exception, ars animated by tbe same die posiUon. Our relations with the Emperor of China, so recent in their oririn, are most friend ly. Our commerce with his dominions is reserv ing new developments, and it Is very pleasing to find that tbe government of that great empire manifests satisfaction with onr, policy, and reposes iusi confidence in the fairness which marks our intercourse.

The unbroken harmony between the -United Statea. and Empire of Russia is receiving a new support from an enterprise designed to carry telegraphic lines across ths continent of Asia, through his dominions, and so to eonnect us witn all Europe by a new channel or mtercourse. uut commerce with South America ia about to receive en- eouragonient by a direct line of mail steamphip to the rising Empire of Uracil. The distinguished party of men of eoisace who have reoently left onr country to make a scieatifio exploration of ths natural history ana rivers and moantaai ranees of that region, hays received from the Emneror that generous welcome which was to have been expected from bis constant friendship' for ths United States, and his well-known real ia Tjremothur the advancement of knowledge. A hope ia entertained thai our commerce with the rich and populous countries Utat border tne Mediterranean sea aaay be largely increased.

NoihimF will be wan tin r. on the part ef this rov- ernment, to extend the protection of onr Hag ever tne enterprise or our ieuoweiuzena. we receive from the Powers that region assurances of good will; and it is worthy of note that a special envoy has brourht ns mesBsrea con dolence on the death of our lata Chief klagistrats from the Bey of Tunis, whose rule ineiades the old dominions of Carthage, on the African ooaai. ojoux Bsrzasr. xxd xn crxwrpmoa.

Our domestie contest, aow bappfly eadsd. baa left eosae traces in our rebvtioae with one at least of the great maritime Powers. The formal ao-coTdancs of belicrest rights to tte infnxm4 States was unprecedented, and has not been jus- Out usaa. But in the systems of aea trahlv nursued by the powers thai xnadetha eonoeaaion. there was a marked dificrenco.

The- matenais of war for tbs nisurgent States were furniahed, in a great measure, from the workshops of Great Britain sad JJrttiaa ships, manned by Bntiah subjects, sad prepared for re-eeivinr-Ilritiah armamenta. sallied from tha ports of Great Britain to make war on American commeree, WTxler tbe shelter of a oonuxussion from ths insurgent States. These ships, baring once escaped from liritiah porta, aver afterward entered them in every pari of the world, te ana so to renew ut oepreaauone. rxne cones races of true oonanct were moat aisaAtrons to States thea in rebel Lion, increasing their desolation sad misery by ths prokmgttion of our civil contest. It had, moreover, the efTect, to a great extent, to drive ths American fUg from the sea, and to transfer much of, oar s'uip-cinif and oar eommsreo ta Ihsvery Power whoae- 'uLjoct4 bad created the nooeaity for such s' changoc, Xheee events took place before I wa eaiied to the auinisMtraKoa ef iJi t-tratrm m.t mated led ae so approve the proposal, already made, to snbmit the questions which bad thus linen between the countries to arbitration.

These are of such moment thai they meat have commanded ths attention of the great Powers, and are ae interwoven with the pesos sad interests of every one of iBern so to have insured an impartial decision. I regret te inform yon thai Qreat Britain declined tbe arbitrament, but, ea the other hand, invited us to the formation of a fotnt commission to settle xnvtoal claims between the two countries, ftosnj whkh those for ths dopredations before men! tioncd should be excluded. Ths proposition, fax that very unsatisfactory form, hasbeea declined. The United States did not present the snbieei as aa impeachment of the good faith of a Power which was profemdrig the most friendly disposi tions, but as mvorving oeestlone of pubUs law. of wbich tne settlement is esaentisl te the peace of nations ana, tnocgn peenmary reparation to their injured citizens would havs folio wed ind-uentaHy on a dedskin sgiinst Great Britain, such compensation was not their primary object.

They bad a higher motive, asd it was ta the in tercet of peace and justice to establish important prin erpJos of international law. The oorrospoTawnos will be placed before yon. Ths ground on which ths British MmMcr rest his Justification is subs tas tiallyj that the municipal law of a cation, and ihe domestio mterpretailons of thai law, are the measure of its duty aa a neutral and I feel hound to declare my opinion, before you and before the world, that that tastifleat ion cannot be sustained before the tribunal of ns tiona. At ths same time I do not advise to soy resent attempt at redress by acts of legislation, or the future, friendship between the two coun-. tries must rest on the oasis of mutual yusucs.

ixrunorcs or hekoosatso From the moment of the eatabhahment of our froo coiifititution, the civQized world baa been convulsod by revolutions in tbs interest of democracy or 01 sionarchy; bat through all those revoloUona ths Umted States have wisely and firmly rctunud to become propagandists of re pub licanwrn. I It is the only government suited -to our condition but we nave never sought to im-poao it on others and we have consistently followed the advice of WjjiHiiwro, to recommend it only by the careful preservation and prudent use of the bloRsing. During all the intervening period the policy of hUirorteen Powers and ef the united' Slates baa, on the whole, been barinoruoas. Twice, indeed, rumors of tbe invasion of Some parts of America, in the interest of monarchy, nave prevailed twice my predecessors have had occasion to announce tha views of tliis nation in respect to fetch On both occasions the remonstrance of the United rotates was respected, from a deep conviction, on tiiepartof European Governments, that the system of non-mlcrferenco and niuiaal abstinence from pmp-agandiamj wa the true rule fcr tlie tao ncm-ispbares. I Sinoe those tin 10s we have ad-vanood in wealth and power but we retain tbe same purpose to leave the nations of Europe to choose tneir own nasties and ions their own systems of government.

This Connie- tent mod era fc: oe may justly demand a 001 1 se pan moderation. We should regard It as a great calamity to ourselves, to the caute of good government, and to tbe peace of the world, ahould anv European Power challenge the Ann' ican people, as it were, to the deenee of ropub- iiciuiism against lureign inicriurvJM. it ueu-not foresee and are rmwilUng to eon aider wliei onporttmUaea might present themse lves, what eonibiaafiona migbt offer to 'protect eurselvea against designs humical to our form of government. The Umted States desire to act in the future as they have ever acted heretofore they nuvcr will be driven from that course but by the arRi-essiun of European Powers: and we rely on the wiwkan and Justice of those Powers to re spect tho system of non-interference which has so long been sanctioned by time, and by ita good results, has approved itself both continents. rsxHc.

Tbs correspondence between ths United Statea and France, in reference to oueetions which have become subjects of disensaiOB -between tbe two governments, wiU, at a proper time, be laid before Congress. MiruKk asn pxsmrr or ona oovasjiknuiT. When, on the organization of our goyernmcnt," under the constitution, the President of Ufa United States dolirered hia tnangural address to the two Houses of Congress, be said to them, and through them to the country and to mankind, thai "the preservation of the aaered fire of liberty and the destiny of tho republican form of government are justly considered as deeply, perhaps as finally, staked on the experi ment mtrnatea to toe American Ana tbe House of Representatives answered Wisn-1x0 to tho voice of lLtnmos We adora tbe invWblo band which haa led the American, people, through so many difficulties, to cherish a conscious responsibility for the doe tiny of republican liberty. More than seventy-sir. yeers have glided away sines these words were rpoken the United States have pasoed through screver trials than wae foreseen and now.

at IMa new epoch our existence as one nation, with our Union purified by sorrows, and strengthened by eonflict, and established by the virtue of ths. people, the greatness of the occasion invitee us onee more to repeat, with solemnity, the pledges of our fathers to hold ourselves answerable be fore onr fellow men for the success of the republican form of srorerhment. Experience has proved its snfikloBcy in peaoe and in war it has vindicated its authority through dangers, sad anucnone, ana suauen ana teKxuue cmecgeutiss, which would have crushed any system that baa been less firmly fixed in ths hearts of the people. At the inauguration of Wassxmotok the foreign relations of ths country were few, and its trade was, repressed by hostile regulations aow an tne r.vuizea nauona 01 tne elobe welcome our commerce, ead governments profess toward as amity. Thea our country felt Its way heeitetingiy along sa untried path, with.

States so nitie Pound tot-ether bv rapid means of communication as to be barely known to one another, and with his- lorlii tnurltlrmM extnlinF over vei-v lew veara now Laterconrse between the States is swift and intimate the expenenos of centuries has bean crowded into a few generations, and has created an ratense, indestructible nationality. Alien our jurisdiction did not reach beyond the inconvenient boundaries of ths territory which had achieved independence now, through cessions of lands, first colon iaed by Spain and France, the country has acomrsd a more complsx char seter, and; baa for its natural hmits the chain of Lakes, toe guu ox Aiexaco, and on tne saat ana the west the two great Other nations wers wasted by civil wars for aires be fore they--' could establiahv 'for them selves tho necessary degree of tbe latent coovictiou thai onr form of government is the best ever known to the world, has enabled ns to emerge from civil war within four with a complete vindication ef the constitutional authority of the General Government, and with our local liberties and Btais institutions unimpaired. The throngs of emigrants that crowd to onr snores aro witnesses ox toe coaadeaee ec au peoples in our permanence. Here ia she great land of free labor, where: industry is blessed with unexampled rswards, sad the bread of the worktarmsa'te sweetened by- the 'eon soiousnees that the cause of couBtry is bis own cause, his ows safety, his dignity. 1 Hers every one sojoys the free use of his faculties and the V.

choke of activity ts a natural right. Here, under the oombined influence of a fruitful soil, gen ial climes sad happy iBetitutions, popmlataoa has mereaeed fifteea-f oki within a eentary. Hare, ihroagb tbe easy development ox ooundieOT resource a. weaitn has increased with two-fold greater rapidity than numbers, so that ws havs beooms secure against the financial vidaairodes of other coun tries, and. alike in btumees and oyiniaa, are solX-centrsd and truly Here more and mors cars is given to provide education for svery oae li ere religion, released from asesioa with tbe civil government.

1 tosobeerve the craft ef statesmen, and I pecoines, za ns TtMpppnarace, us tpuitntd Lis of ths rootle, Ucrt tcl-ntion ia extended to every opinion, in ths qniet certainty that truth needs only a fair field to secure the victory. Iters tne Bumaa numa goes tortn ananackied in tbe pursuit of sdance, to coUcot stores oknorkTS sad aeflnirs an svNncreasmg mxxtrrv over L.s farces of nature. Here the national domain is offered and held ta millions ef ser -rate free- so thai cur feiiow-oltizens. beyond ths ocenpants of any other" part cf tLs earth, co-rtituie in realty a peophv Ilere exists ths democratic farm ef gov eminent end thai form of gorsrnmcnt, by Lis conf ession of La-rope an statesmen, "gives a power of which no cJier form is capable, because ii incorrxa-atea everv man with the State, and arouses svuryUiag that baaoage te tbs soul. Wbem ia past history, Coea a rsrtTcl exfi to ths putbs bsrrms wbiLh wi.l'-i tie reach cf tne peopie ox tne unuea a-cates 1 ber, la asy part of the globe, eaa icxutiona be fcl suited to thUr bahitscr so ei'1 to thcr krrs ss their own-free era cf tastn, then, ia ptri xf ths Lc 19 faae Sis home, mna wii'h it rf thourwxi rrr United Btatee have sdraneel character of an rndrwTiiJcEt to have been dlaUnrnUhed by or.

token of Providential sgoncy 7" Who. wZl join with me in the prayer, that the invisiUj hand which has Jed aa throu-i the chmds thai gloomed around our path, wu ruide aa on-- of the ward to a perfect restoration of rrai-wnsj '-bon, thai we of this dsy may be abla to trans' 1 nut out rreat rnheritauoeT of bt ore rumr ts ia all then? rigbta, of ths General Oovtnir ti" its whols constitutional Tigor, to onr poatiix. and they to theirs throtuU oouatlea genera tiona AxDJurw JoBssnr. i Waamaoros, Pea 4. ItCS.

i. OSTCIIT CF CUR ihut. (port or TRB sacaxTAnT I at it Iatsrcstlag Dstalls ef ths tU.lla3 and Eslapiaf af llaas Araty ef kaarlf 4 1 m. atUtoa Mca.ia tha Wfie-rtvl DUaapelsasat After the TTer. Warn DrArrtitT, 1" Wassmforoa Crrr, Kwv.

2 18C3L ilr. Paeaimmr; The mihtary appropriations by ths ka Congress amoaaiarta UM sum ei five ban dad sad alxteaa amnions two fcaadred saad ona hnndrad and thirtr-ooa doDara and eeeta, (i51.9M,lSl TO.) The aaultary ssthwatas tor tha aext ftaoal year, after caraful ravlasaa, snwmst te'- thirtv-thres aoEBoaa eight kuadral a toertaan then Sand fber keadred sad atxtyne donate and etzyi tores cents, (3Ui.iU S3.) Tbe aatiamal aailUary tores on the 1st of afay, 1S8S, number algous minoa fiva haadrad and 1 1 aan aaes. It ie ts re- encs tbe mCIUry eatal-nhwiaat te fifty thouaanl -tl traopa, and over etgJit.buadrsd thou ml have a 't ready been muatersd oat ef Wsat baa ae a- stoned this red actios ef fores and sxpendlturt ta tv explain, 1864. 1 At tbs eovaneement of the last eeanioa ef Ooe. cl areas ataoh hal oeea aeeompllshed toward aapproa mg the rr be Hi 00 and restoring Federal snthority ever- 3 the Insurgent tetes But the rebels atllibeld mond as the capital of their ao-eallnd Canfedurata i ernment, and the aomMaiica of Bute government rx- Uttfl la Virginia, Korth hovith- Cnreliia Georgia, Alabama, Miastanrept-raad Vmm.

I while a atrong force occupied a cnnnMerabU portion of Arkaasae Idmlalnn 'Tetr. riiucipal srniy, under its favorite commander. () 'u. Ijk. Ua- fenced with undaunted front laiprtguablo poaitlous J-aroriiS letwibuigh and Brchmend." Annjher uadrr Ow.

Hood, was movie 3 North, purrxxe to fnvde Tenncanea tm-i Knit rcsr. Vfcrt of fh -1 etvd Arcana. Kurmif and Ktvouri." Tha rLlcf sea. pxrte of the repel etatea Wilrotngva. vnsnnaton." fuvimnsh and V(oll wrra atroacly, (T-UTiwmod and furtlAed, and eur bler-lradliig aquml vrrtj nor bit to ytf watr -trade and anppHea rew-lilrg fba raeir.y.'j firsts tteamnra, onut rom.rn ports lur eru'i era, armed, manned, ejirpcdana fnj-rllri ty fr- ira eapHajL reamed tbe ft Urn awaa.

burtilci onr blp and di'tieytsw wi TOtannret. rtl if'Tj ths rebel covernneut and harbored out frontier, were aettirg'oa foot pirn Heal aia-t ear commeree on the rakes, 1 to bura and phmder ew town and -ctrtea, anit wcrfl! rkrtlrruf I miiriW tmhMt the President and Vire Prri lrnt tlie I'nlfrd tales, lit 'bufe ef everthroTring our pov-ars laexit by anaxuhy. l'lUi ta tbelr Soal ssesrias '-'1 hupe or open reenfrnttiee tiy ioretgn-yeverniepta aniunied hsading ut-ii't mufuf oraajivToea-vowwaa ajra prrntTBCnoTf -i Btaow-tbs appi'oa'Tdiiit aeantbn' of Con pra U1 Ami the authority of tej-j'srterBl. fJ0vruir.eit erooii toiajy ana pcacefulry exi ti5 Jd evct The Vlile torri. 1 Sory ef tbe United rOtrii.

ATJ ths armiea lierUoforea arrayed axint the KrfonarOoverniunt aava kid f. cm a their arrua asd Surrendared as prisoners of Kvnry hostile banner bauled tbe eaOi-d Confederate Oovernment Is overthrown; iia.L. President is a prisoner la close await ins 'trial; while Its and three of Us eluaf. j' executive ofneere have, been recently eeiarsnd froaa-ti prisoabyyour clcniency. Att the orsinsnsaa, hwre.

erfaaiaatiooa ereated or exlatina wader or by virtue ef the ee-caOed Cksnfederale Ooverameut, have beoa Lf awrptaway, arid, by your unction, the people oflb tnaurgent Statea have orgiTiiawI, or are busily ewasxt in otyastzlng. State ia aubordiiialwui -the fedural authority. In Itariuwuy with thU new eon. 41diB of afTaira, the-aiiitary fires of Ihe IVtaral Oov- i erament has been rerrnred, large arruiea and nearly a million ef brave lately soldiers iat-; anna, paid and bouorpblx mueaered. est ef sarviea, bavo gone from cerope, ganisaas sod posts te their bonice, and most of them ars engaged already fa ths ucaoeftd rarmitaef rtrit life.

-MH- Amons the causes which, under Divine ftrovideeoa, have brought about Uiee Vanderful elta, eweaess-ful lailitary operations ataiwl arst ta erser. A dear eoupreheuaMm ut these eperatioey mjuliea a brief glsutoe at the mOMery ToalUaa tust. beftrra ths Notwithstanding ths ftlcceaefal aajspairma eat Uie Miiaprl. la lbC9, by the raduettoe ef ViefcabwaTk and tort liudaon, aevaced La twain the rebel territory -and reatorad as the esvisaUoe and eoniBieree of -the MisrlppL-whUe-tue victory: at' Geyburr-i 1 jOrvrr back tha rebel invader front the Koctba Statea, yet the milliary atrengtb of the rebels son- UuiMNft fnrmLlmhU. Innv Af Yl r-nl t.4m nvtHM its former lines ta -Tlrgtada, pretactlng tbe rebel ort- tal, and holding inactive and ia check the Army-of toe Itotosaae.

Another largarniy. amderOeo. Fmaa, reiaforced by Lojea ra ia eurpa. tnreateaed tbe re eonqseat ef Xenoeasee. thedlaajrtewM batdeef Ckk-aamauxa.

our Armyef tbe shut 1 sad surrovutded at rnaable toaaeve ty 4 i raaoe of tbe lnolaananey of the weather stfd ianpasaa. rada, was In extreme jeopardy. kl Ud diaeoura0n Here a ehar.r ef mnifary srgamaetfon waa made. --The Departroeea of the JJt- MM in oae mfbtary called the 1ivleioii of tha Miaaiaaippa. ondar htajoe-aen.

Oun. CnrnmiM cf the Atsbt ef ths Cuaaberlaid waa riven te Vn-ien. Gzojaaa If. Taowas, reUevmg Gen, fUMKcnAX. A Winter eampaiga was hnmediat'-fy directed a-Baaoel araiy.

The bettlea of SVanhatehaa, Ixx.im Moeneais, Mleatonary BMe an Ctiattaooga ep i our eoBBBaaiilfiadona, end rTuted Saieo's army wi.a fcaavy aaaev Tbs movement of fjooTiunrr's eors tcalnst KaoxYis, v9 recover Tan Trnneasee, als proved a diraa trans fail ore- ts the rebels, we wars V'! i driveai ee? aud forced bach te Ih aaonntalna. la the month ot Febsnary, 1864, tun. 8wvwaW a larr roree from intarterof thejitate ef Alabaiae, Mbrwl fiicted heavy lose npon tbs enemy by the doi. r. ef railroads and snpplieev the eaptere of riaon.a tbseaespeef perroesand refiifrees.

ii ccrt tJ" demooat rated the capacity ef aa- an peuateat the rttber-tiiAlee and support i -ee u. covmtry, and was the foreruaBer tbe great. aneva aieau ta Oeerria. Tbe arraaexsento tor Ois Spring ware made, en the part of tbe fri, fnrth Its atreart hi In aD tli liitr. lift i.

inasnitade, twmeet anyeiVi.tlr-y 't i i seen. The aallmafee- were baaed i t'i i (ardzatloai at eee of men. 1 call ad apea te strengthee: tha arm i new drafts were ordered an put ia ai out ell ths loyal Statas; vaat in" ef a- i nUxva. clotalBr. -1 r' if-- age were provided and diatri'ottted ta t- tj tiie wants ef tbe treo-ie wherwrr Vi'-r iu.

r-u hones, anades, wairona, railroad trrn. icf ears, hrldae timber, telecrrar 'h cat. every eaalerial for tranor'Lf-in- i i ifioaef rreat armies eadrr ail fcwa. 'ngra, vrltij mr-tz" k- eifroi istlopa tor recrni -nr. psjlr i 1 Uistreopa.

ThseCce of li iui saaad all tha antav erti t.y t-tr. if laasre was appouded to tbat rauk by te 1 i ead aeanmad coiemand, aalAentevaat-Oen-l, ri l.ltt aay mt aiares, taea, troaa u.re Uons ata'd the amies wars tradee-teie craeUoav aa eauonat loroas engage in tus i -w- r-t." eci4 were organised a armies as t. i military aepartmema as Ulawt lae Amy of the X'ototnae. i --i Can, alKASN, whose eacquartera wereee t.e. Side of tua Kapldaa.

Itus areay was i rebel are of b'ortiter-a Viniaia. at- ion -1 i a i aootbsila ef the lidna, Caa. Tb iUi corps, uadar AiJor-Oen. i casajia. at tkeopeaiDf cf ei boa.

bat oa ii 34' a ef l.y. 1, waa Lieor. tale the Army of te PoioattaOj i Ihe Axasy ef ta Jariiea waa eommtaJtd t'' i Oen- Lrxuta, hvS eeaduartet ware at i lbebeec7artrsof tie Amy ef the r- V- naaeilirvy aiajer-G tuiH.vtal Ibrat tnnlca vara etllal uii kiM an. cf i tit Arry LlorOea. XlcPniaaow Araj ttt thavC-Uto, -w-Cien.

bamuri aaanda. Qm. ttfiiMut h-saj'- -a i- i- CiiattaaiHiga. Its tt-uva cf ict aradas tu rearlT tea i r. t0 ani g-ina.

to Arany of tae CmttfaeraaBu. i .1 co a- Cut -v. Art. i i "'al XsasVw af fm Amy of ue Xoi-otaowo, eommaadicgf Artii rr i JTnmb roa AXLT L.S a. e.

1 ae fiuzibo i ijtrasJ a a 4.. VM .4 cs.1. ra.rn; tiie nuiaL cf ei ii Utim eriar a t-e 1 vf 4 1 1 1 Ml- u. 1 1 4-ii ll a- f-tui i rt I I -J. 5 1 I if i in a i mr- fc.

i iii i i CO i aiaf iMrxfot ss Urn Uoueatrtal? while ths is tos dvr 1 32 msbs doaas ios aaes tj LuUf I ua t- ai -mu a vu mmu i ii.