The Independent-Record from Helena, Montana • Page 9

Second Section Sunday, March 6,1938 DAILY New Tork. The psychological ravages of unemployment visible in the disintegration of stable family life and the warped personalities of children and young people were recounted in a study made public by the University of Newark. The study made at the university's research center by Ifr. Philip Eisenberg is a "survey of surveys," a compendium of conclusions reached by psychologists and sociologists throughout the world of happens to an Individual's personality when he is without a Job. More than 100 such papers were analyzed and their opinions synthesized.

The crushing psychological Impact of unemployment and low economic statuiTIs felt more deeply by children and youth because the disaster occurs during "the most impressionable years in the life of man," asserts Dr. Eisenberg. Loss of prestige with their fellows whose parents are employed, deterioration of school work, emotional conflicts because of diminution of "the support" of authority which resided In the parent before unemployment" are visible among such children, he continued. Even more complex are the problems of adolescents If parents are employed and young people unemployed. Is the "resentment at being dependent on their parents hen thev desire to be indepeu- dent Decline in School Grades However, where the joung person has a job and his parents fruitlessly seek work then the youth "seems not to suffer "Rather," savs the survey, "be enjoys some ego-satisfaction in the fact that he is supporting the family.

but this in turn would tend to lower the esteem of the father in the eyes of the rest of the family." Referring to numerous surveys, the Newark study indicates that children tend to become "emotionally unstable in somewhat the same way as their parents do," and one of the manifestations of the effects of unemployment on personality IB shown In the marked effects on school work In oue elementary school, children of unemployed showed a decline in school immediately after a parent's loss of work and a renewed descent appeared after three or four years of such unemployment The causes VETE1 LEADER OF LABOR IN Ml ffilKCH By LOUIS STARK for lowering of echool grades are ascribed to two main factors: reduction in health and emotional disturbances at home. As subsidiary hypotheses, he suggests that the unemployed parent "may not be giving the child as much help with bis school work as before unemplojment" and, secondly, "the younger children suffer more than the older probably because they are more dependent on their parents and have had less opportunity to build up resistance to catastrophic situations." of Ambition Among youth between 14 and 20 years of age, the studies stress loss of ambition, a feeling of "super- fluousness in society, desertion of the parental home and increase in criminality. Several hypotheses based on case analysts are proffered in one study on the effects of unemployment on parental authority. An unemployed father will most probably find his authority over his children gone when be loses authority with his More frequently he will lose authority with an adolescent datign- ter than with a son who -is earning. The will lose authority more easily If the mother takes a job, if a son returns home unemployed after a period of employment, and if his authority was toased on "categorical orders rather than intimacy and an attempt at mutual understanding." According to the Newark report, all writers describing the course of unemployment agree on the following points: "First, there is fear, rage or shame followed by a hopeful active hunt for a job during which the individual is still optimistic and nnrestgned.

He still has en unbroken attitude. "Secondly, when all efforts fail, the individual becomes pessimistic, anxious and he suffers active distress; this is the most 'critical state of all. And thirdly, the individual becomes fatalistic and adapts himself to his new state but with A narrower scope. He now has a broken attitude." "A DispOettloB to Criticize" Relief, Dr. Eisenberg found, IB no solution for a jobseeker "be- his ego is- not satisfied.

He must have a job, especially a job that he values, in order for him to recover The unemployed may develop a fascist rather than a radical attitude. the study declares, citing a survey which showed that people with Incomes below $1,000 or above Jo, 000 were more sympathetic to fascism than those from intermediate Income "It likely that those with incomes below asserted Dr. Elwnberg, "are sympathetic to faaclsm became, having practically nothing, they, will support any tem out of their distress, that it they are uncritical." i New York Times) Miami, Fla. When William Green, president of the American Federation of Labor, reached the fork in the road which turned his face away from the United Mine Workers of America, after a companionship of 48 years, he was able to say that his trade-union career had paralleled the development of the American trade union movement itself for approximately half a century. Mr.

Green said recently that he would resign from the mine union because that body had dropped from Us constitution all mention of the A.F. of L. and substituted therefore the Committee for Industrial Organization. His statement was made just after he had announced that the federation had revoked the charters of the mine workers and two other C.I.O. unions.

As a 15-year-old boy spending his vacation working alongside his English father in the Ohio mines, as a young union executive who climbed from post to post, as secretary-treasurer of the mine union from 1916 to 1924, and as president of the A.F. of L. ever since, William Green has witnessed remarkable changes. He has -observed the labor movement from the time its leaders were looked upon almost as pariahs to the when the trade union is an institution em- beded in the nation's texture by laws whose very existence was undreamed of half a century ago. He has been the trade-union movement grow from a small group to about 7,000,000 members.

In tbe Political Field In some respects the years have marked a veritable revolution in the attitude of organized labor in various directions. From the "pure and simple" trade unionism of the young Samuel Gompers, who distrusted government aid to labor, fearing it would put the worker under government supervision, to the present policy by which government assistance is eagerly sought to help solve many of labor's fundamental problems, is a long way to go It is a road that the pl-esi- dent of the A of L. has seen the labor movement take step by step. Since 1890, when the United States Mine Workers of America was born as a result of a merger of the National Progressive Union (to which Mr. Green and his father belonged) and National Trade Assembly 135 of the Knights of Labor, there has been a great expansion of the union From a puny organization, which fought strike after stnkei and lost many of them, with the consequent blacklisting of the members, the union has grown strong and powerful, numbering its members in the hundreds of thousands, with national agreement i a treasury of several million dollars.

Through the union's organization activities the work-week of miners has been cut from 48 to 3C hours, and the 30-hour week is the ultimate goal. In the last half century nearly all union organization methods have changed, administration hag tended to become more businesslike and in various respects the ideas of the leaders have undergone considerable evolution. Lads like William Green in the early nineties came under the Influence of self-appointed union organizers, "floaters' 'or "boomers" who traveled from town to town, working at their trade or living on meager union stipends, carrying "the gospel of unionism." Union officers, frequently working by day at their trade, confined their ac- to their near-by tive organization work local communities and towns at night. Those officers who received salaries found them based, usually, on their regular Journeymen's pay. In 1892 Samuel Gompers's pay was 11,800 a year.

Today a few union officials are paid 26,000 a year, and many of them vary from $7,600 to $10,000 year. In 1000 In 1900 the A.F. of L. had 20 organizers on its itaff and its organization expense was $15,400. Last year its several hundred organizers were paid in salary and expenses more than $467,000.

The C.I.O. before it began to retrench, had more than 600 organizers on it? payroll. Trade unionism today is "big business." Social changes in the last half- century, the movement of population from the country to the city, the Increased use of electric power, the furtherance of Invention and the increasing of efficient production have had their effect on trade- union development. As the population became organized and a larger proportion of the groups fell into the white-collar, entertainment and service categories, the unions entered these fields. Mr.

Green has seen electrically operated machinery installed in the steel mills, doing away with the puddler and the hand roller. He has also seen the recent rite in the organization oi' steel workers after half century of and lost strikes. In tbe nineties tbe car- Society Editorial Women's Ohio Tree-Surgeon Governor Harassed by Stormy Attack FighUag Mt ier his political life, but fer the Kestlfe the DesnecraUc erganltatlen in Okie, Martin L. Davey shakes his finger and tries "They shall net succeed with their sinful Thte hypocritical and malicious persecution Will twit against them. The statement was after a committee ef the Ohio Senate charged there had been waste ef the taxpayers' meaty deled eat to political favorites." Darey expected to saett strong opposition If he a third tens as fovernw.

Columbus, Ohio, March state senate investigating committee, probing around in the administration of Onlo's tree-surgeon governor, hag concluded that the principal thing to be trimmed recently was the taxpayer, and that the state democratic organization Is being left out on the end of a very long limb. Governor Martin L. Davey faces a primary Aug. 9. Democratic members of the house, keenly conscious of the effect of the Investigation on democratic prospects, refused to vote continuance of the investigation.

But during two and a half months, the senate committee raked up facts that led It to con- clnde. over the emphatic denials of the governor. 1. That the state department of liquor, control is "so shot through with forgery, corruption, graft, false reports, faked statistics, pretended 'buys' and maladministra- tion, as to be hopeless of cure." 2. That the highway department exhibits an "almost gleeful waste of the taxpayers' money," with an 'army" of useless officials riding about the state, and with "millions thrown away" on the purchase of road materials.

3 That the apathy of federal officials in the face of this waste of money that was part federal grants should cause a U. S. senate 4. That the purchasing department "is run plainly in defiance of he law." 5. That the state paid $1.65 for coal which Ohio cities were buy- ng at IS cents, and that, in gen- iral, it was necessary to pay off Davey political machine or its henchmen before sales could be made to the state.

Fortunes at Stake To all these and a multitude of other accusations, Davey has is- sued an almost complete denial, claiming political persecution. Angry democratic state legislators opposed further investigation with the charge that "the republicans have chosen Ohio as a pivotal state to tear democratic officeholders apart with the hope that they can get into the White House in 1940. The democratic party In Ohio is at stake. It may well be. For the present investigation is only the climax of a long series of events that have kept Davey in hot water during most of his two terms as governor.

His relationship with the national democratic administration, never cordial, has several times been severely strained. Now it is expected that it may be near the final breaking point. Long in Politics Davey has been a real storm- bird in Ohio politics ever since the day back in 1S14 when he determined to run for mayor of his native city or Kent. He had taken over and developed as a partner the tree-surgery business started by his father. He had made considerable money.

Politics, under the spell of the Woodrow Wilson reform era, drew him strongly. He served three terms as mayor. Then he went to Washington, serving nine years in the house. Mostly, Davey devoted himself to getting himself solid with individual constituents, keeping an elaborate filing system on the voters with whom he came in contact. In 1928 he won the nomination for the governorship, but went down in the Hoover landslide.

It was in 1934 that he went in on the Roosevelt wave. JTeeded a "cw Bng But within a year he was entangled in a bitter battle with the administration. Relief Administrator Hopkins charged that firms wanting to sell goods to the Ohio Relief association had first to "shell out" to Davey campaign committees. Hopkins sent in a federal administrator. Davey defied Hopkins and threatened him with anest for criminal libel.

Impeachment rumblings were heard at that time, but the whole affair blew ovei. Denied an appropriation for office equipment during a row with the state senate, Davey appealed for public donations to a fund to buy a new rug for his office. When the 1 9 3 campaign came along, Davey publicly made peace with the national administration, but was not made a delegate-at- large to the national convention, a significant omission. C.I.O. Opposes Him In the fall of 1937, however, Davcy's handling of the national guard during the "Little Steel Strike" brought on his head the undying hatred of the C.I.O., which snore a great oath that Davey must be defeated.

The 1.0. took the view that Datey's calling out of the troops and using them to hold mill gates open despite mass picketing wag virtuallj strike-breaking Though he stated dt tbe time that he believed the affair had euded his poiltrral career, Davey is now expected to run for the nomination fo; his third term at the Aug 9 prima-ies Despito the fact that impeachment pioceedinga are again being spoken of in the Ohio legislature, and that a lecall petition has been filed (though not verj actively circulated), Davej is a fighter who thrives on attack and Is at his best on the defensive. How he rides the wares ot tl.e piesent attacks i have a distinct beanng on tlie democratic future Ohio in 193S and even in 1 9 4 0 historic Union league club of Chicago has abandoned the restraints of its aradi- tional dignity. It has burst upon public attention with an eight-page folder which shouted in red letters, "America, Wake Up 1 Above this waved the Stars and Stripes in The patriotic demonstration signalized the start of a campaign for the nonpartlsan support in the fall election of "such members of congress as are upholding the principles that have lifted this new nation to a top place among the powers of the world Stotrmcnt of Principles On Jan. 20 last the club adopted a restatement of principles in which, by unanimous vote, it pledged Its allegiance with renewed emphasis to: The constitution of the United States, amendable "only as provid- pd by the constitution The threefold division of government, legislative, judicial and executive, "separate and supreme in their respective The constitutional provision by which "powers of the national government are strictly The guarantees contained in the American bill of rlguta which "include free speech, free press and freedom of assembly and "The independence and integrity of our courts, the final bulwark of our people" that "should never by any device be made subservient to tlie will or control of any other branch ot government or of any individual." These principles are set forth at length in the folder, and the as sertlon is made that they are "endangered and undermined by many subversive tendencies." "We heartiy commend those members of the national congress in either of its branches, regardless of party, who oppose such subversive tendencies and uphold the basic principles of our government," the club declares.

"We call upon all citizens, regardless of race, creed or party, to join In active support of such members of the national congress." Radio to be Used From this action the campaign to promote nation-wide support of "loyal" republicans and democrats developed. Radio and the mails will be used to spread the gospel of nonpartisan patriotism. Representative Samuel B. Pettengill, democrat, has already sounded a keynote, which he declared that democrats and republicans now, as in the days of Lincoln, must "present arms together." Neither a new party nor a formal organization is needed, he said. He urged instead "an Informal coalition of citizens, as individual vot- 6 riage was an occasional sight iu 3oshocton, Ohio, where Mr.

Green was born, and In 1901 the A. F. of gave jurisdiction over automo- workers to the Carriage and Wagon Workers' union. That organization is now as defunct as he buggy, and in its place has aris- tbe United Automobile Workers, affiliated with the C.I.O. As the years unrolled, Mr.

Green saw the Knights of Labor disappear, but for some years they existed alongside the nascent A. F. of L. The latter was based on craft union solidarity, while the Knights, in their mixed assemblies, had an Industrial form. The A.

F. of L. eschewed politics, hewing close to the economic line, while the Knights had no weapon to meet the blacklist and lockout and agitated for currency reform, free land and producers' cooperatives. The wheel has made a complete revolution, for today the A. F.

of L. craft unions are "going industrial" under the C.I.O.'s impact, while both organizations Increasingly are going in for political reforms, A considerable part of labor's progress can be attributed'to sympathetic administrations. When President Wilson dedicated the F. of L. building In 1916 he stated frankly that no president could afford to ignore organized labor.

In last five years President Roosevelt has shown that he, too, is sympathetic to organized labor. A.F.L. Washington, March American Federation of Labor assailed today the interstate commerce commission's maximum hour limitations for operators of motor vehicles subject to the motor carrier act. Professor Karl Hitter von Frisco, of Munich, bis trained fish to answer a dinner bell. New Is being bombarded by unwelaome and unwholesome propaganda, and it is entirely powible that millions of dollars have been, spent bv European countries which can ill afford to do so in order to form not only opinions but alio prejudices among American citizens, Dr.

Jonah B. Wise said recently. "If all who have pride In the numerous European ancestries which maJte up so much of our population would form some cooperative body to reverse this action a great good could be achieved," Dr. Wise continued. "America now a duty, since it has been quiescent in answering to send back to Europe a message which will be one of the salutary communications to that distressed continent.

Iferer Tested "America so far aa we know, no propaganda department. But America has In its fundamental structure a means of influencing other countries which cannot be matched by untold in money or by untold energy in propaganda. The strength of American public opinion has never really been mobilized. The varied nations i 1m come here seeking liberty and promoting- the ideals of this democracy can give tongue to our ideas which will eventually and perhaps quickly turn the world toward peace and away from cruelty, from tyranny toward Justice." Rotten wood inside a hollow tree has decayed fallen to the bottom of the trunk, where, bit by bit, it becomes part of the soli. BOY OF II ESCIPE Big Timber, Mont March 5 (fP)--Dwigbt F.onsman, I an escape from the Washakie county jail at Worland, who was recaptured by Big Timber officers i a after a 30-minute chase through the street of Big Timber, was recovering Saturday at a local hospital from a minor gunshot sustained during the chase One fit several shots fired by the officers shattered the tip of the bone in his left elbow.

He is alleged to have stolen a car from a Worland garage shortly after escaping a i there Thursday, and abandoned the car in Big Timber in an effort to escape Sheriff Ed Bartols and Chief of Police Ted Busha. Bartels and Busha sighted the and car a few moments after receiving a broadcast of the escape fiom Worland, and started the chase. Fronsman is said by officers here to have served three terms in the Washington State Industrial school and had escaped from the Wyoming Industrial school at Worland recently. He was being held by sheriff's officers at Worland tor return to the industrial echool when he made hie second escape. Brussels The increase of the number of cubs in litters among lions and the growing boldness of elephants in tbe Congo have led tlie Belgian government to appoint or three "hunting lieutenants" or super-gamekeepers, wbo are paid officials, while a corps of honorary i lieutenants i be formed among the long-time Belgian residents of tbe Congo to help them.

These honorary lieutenants will, if necessarv, get traveling expenses. Their work Is to watch over the fauna and flora, to enforce the game laws, to give advice to government on tbe dates ot opening and closing lot the i season in their part i a districts and on tbe preservation of the rarer species, especially during tlie breeding season. When the government 1 earns that it is necessary to kill off a certain proportion of wild animals because their depredations are interfering with the natives, these honorary lieutenants will organize the shooting of such animals The lieutenants will be nominated by the governor for periods of three vears. but the nomination can be cancelled at any time. SECVIUTY CONFERENCE Denver.

March (JP) --The prompt handling ot claims for lump sum payments under the federal old-age insurance provisions of the social security act will be the major objective at a conference of leading social security board o'ficiali from Washington and regions of the Mississippi river, opening Monday in Denver. OPERATION FMl TO Townsend. March 5. Nine old Mary Yvonne Campbell died of pneumonia after an operation in which an open safety pin was removed from an intestine. The baby was suffering from a cold at the time of the operation.

She was the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Ed Campbell of Diamond City. Spokane, March 5--(AP) --Seven flying officers of the Brlt- Is'i navy passed through here tonight, en route to Vancouver, B. where they will sa.ll for Hong Kong, to relieve officers already stationed In the Orient BY LITEST SYSTEM new method of boring tunnels beneath rivers, which is intended to eliminate many of the hazards now involved in such operations and also cut down, the time and expense, is the invention for which a patent has just been granted to Miles I.

Killmer of New York. The newly patented method reaches its highest efficiency in boring under river beds composed of unyielding and porous earth, like sand and gravel, asserts the inventor. A trench is first excavated along the route of the tunnel This would be done by the oidlnary dredging boats. Excavation continues until the trench is of sufficient width and depth to accommodate, any number of tunnels or "tubes" desired. Then the trench is filled to the level of the river bed with yielding clay or silt.

After such refilling the tunnel is driven through this material, using the conventional methods for boring through soft clay. Boring through clay and silt merely involves "pushing" forward the bulkheads and shields ordinarily used in tunneling under water. When the ground through which the shield is advanced comprises unyielding sand and gravel, under the usual methods of boring, practically all the material In the path of the shield has to be excavated through the shield. This is tedious and long drawn out. These disadvantages, the inventor claims, are overcome by his method.

Gigantic mid ocean landing fields, which would calmly ride the severest storms with scarcely a. rocking motion are envisaged in patent just granted to Frederick G. Creed of CroyoVen, England. These floating stations," so- called by the inventor, would be huge triangular decks 800 feet at the base and some 1,000 feet on tbe side, the patent reveals. They would float on three huge vertical cylinders 60 to 70 feet in diameter and 200 feet high placed near each corner of the triangular float.

The cylinders would be submerged 16( feet under the water. At such depths, the inventor points out, the sea is placid even when the highest waves are being kicked up by storms at the surface As a result, the deck in effect floats on a calm "foundation" at all times and hence even in storms Is rocked very little, if at all. Machinery, stores, gasoline and oil for refueling planes, sleeping quarters for the personnel would all be built In the gigantic cylinders. Each cylinder would buoy up a weight of about 12,000 tons. These "floating stations" strategically placed on oceans, could not only be used as airplane bases, but also as cable relay or wireless stations, fueling stations for ships, as well as rescue bases, the inventor declares.

COLD HIS TO BE DT Moscow, (Correspondence of The Associated Press)--Russian scientists will set out soon to explore one of the coldest places in the earth, the Land of the Ice Water Fountains. It is a stretch of 58 square miles in the Yakut region of Siberia, where the temperature drops to 70 degrees below zero (centigrade). Only one other place, Antarctica, has the thermometer gone lower. Known as the "Pole of Coldness," the region, resembling a vast skating rink in winter, will be visited for a year by an expedition of the Soviet Academy of Sciences. Tbe expedition expects to pitch Us camp by the end of April.

The icefield which forms every winter at a spot between Verkho- yansk and Sredne-Kolymsk is said by Soviet authorities to be the largest on land in the world. It forms from a mysterious seepage of water from the beds ot the btnall Rivers Kyra and Nekhoran, coating the region with ice to a thickness of 10 feet in some places. The rise of the water in spring- like gushes at the amazing rate of 140 to 280 cubic foet a second through the soil, as reported in he newspaper Izvestla, is the chief phenomenon to be studied. Some believe these tremendous gushes are the result of atmospheric precipitations accumulating in the soil, others that the water springs Torn deep layers of the earth's crust, Ry lU-inOccr The scientists will have to travel rorn Moscow by train for a long distance, then ride 800 miles In automobiles to Yakutsk, travel by lorses to Verkoyansk acd thence by reindeer 230 miles to the ke- (ield. The expedition will take along cod, tents, a ndlo station, drill- machines and a laboratory.

The Lents are only for the first three months, the period during which the scientists will build a log house on the spot ot their retearck. CMSS OFFER i NEW HEM TO MIDI By DAVID J. W1LJOB Detroit, March M- cumulation of used car stocks, 1U effect upon the dealers' capacity to handle additional factory deliveries, physically as well as financially, and the tightening up of buyer Interest "during the last few weeks presented nothing particularly new to the motorcar industry. Used car stocks have been a torment to the industry ever since olume production made the trading in of second-hand vehicles part of the merchandising program. The dealers' capacity to handle increasing stocks of such older vehicles and at the same time accept delivery of factory shipments also an old story with the men who make motorcars.

Similarly, periodical slowing down of buyer demand did not find the manufacturers wholly unprepared. The production situation developing since last November did emphasize anew that output had to be even more closely geared to retail demand fitting assemblies to demand, however, has proved more of a problem than most observers in the Industry foresaw. Levelling Off To meet competitive activities every producer has insisted his dealers maintain adequate display stocks. At the same time there has been no overloading of the merchandising outlets. There la every indication that the policy of levelling off production to actual demand IE to be more stringently applied.

The policy of mannfaeturer- dealer cooperation contrasts sharply with the situation prevailing prior to 1929 when had to meet competitive In his own way, frequently at the sacrifice of new car commissions and through exorbitant tradeln allowances. In the week of the "National Used Car Exchange" campaign that began today the industry and the merchandisers are going to urge exchange of a better grade of used units tor vehicles, of loner merit and certain, installment payments. FOB SAFETY Df PLANES Wheeling, W. March --Louis A. Johnson, assistant secretary of war, said in an interview tonight the army has perfected an automatic landing device which eliminates the danger of airports.

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